Lab: kukhazikitsa lvm, kuwukira pa Linux

Kutuluka pang'ono: LR iyi ndi yopangira.
Zina mwa ntchito zomwe zafotokozedwa apa zitha kuchitika mosavuta, koma popeza ntchito ya l/r ndiyo kudziwa.
ndi ntchito za raid ndi lvm, ntchito zina zimakhala zovuta.

Zofunikira pazida zochitira LR:

• Zida zamakono monga Virtualbox
• Chithunzi chokhazikitsa Linux, mwachitsanzo Zosintha
• Kupezeka kwa intaneti pakutsitsa mapaketi angapo
• Lumikizani kudzera pa ssh ku VM yoyikidwa (posankha)

ZOCHITIKA

Ntchito ya labotale iyi ikugwirizana ndi nkhani yobisika ngati chitetezo cha data - iyi ndi malo omwe
zomwe zimakulolani kutaya deta yanu yonse chifukwa cha zolakwika zazing'ono - chilembo chimodzi chowonjezera kapena nambala.
Popeza mukugwira ntchito ya labotale, simuli pachiwopsezo chilichonse, kupatula kuti mudzayambanso kuyambiranso.
M'moyo weniweni, zonse ndizovuta kwambiri, kotero muyenera kuyika mayina a disk mosamala kwambiri, kumvetsetsa
mukuchita chiyani ndi lamulo lapano komanso ma disks omwe mukugwira nawo ntchito.

Mfundo yachiwiri yofunika ndikutchula ma disks ndi magawo: kutengera momwe zinthu ziliri, manambala a disk amatha kusiyana
kuchokera pamakhalidwe omwe amaperekedwa m'malamulo a labotale.
Chifukwa chake, mwachitsanzo, ngati mutachotsa sda's disk ndikuwonjezera disk yatsopano, disk yatsopano idzawonetsedwa.
pa dongosolo lotchedwa sda. Ngati muyambitsanso musanawonjezere disk yatsopano, ndiye kuti yatsopano
diskiyo idzatchedwa sdb, ndipo yakaleyo idzatchedwa sda

Labu iyenera kuyendetsedwa ngati superuser (muzu) monga momwe malamulo ambiri amafunira
mwayi wapamwamba ndipo sizomveka kuchulukitsa mwayi nthawi zonse kudzera pa sudo

Zophunzira

• anaukira
• LVM
• Dzina la Disk mu Linux OS
• Gawo ndi chiyani
• Kodi tebulo logawanitsa ndi chiyani ndipo limasungidwa kuti?
• grub ndi chiyani

Zogwiritsidwa ntchito

1) Onani zambiri za disk

• lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT
• fdisk -l
  2) kuwona zambiri ndikugwira ntchito ndi LVM
• pvs
• pvextend
• pvccreate
• pvresize
• ndi zina
• vgrece
• lvs
• lvextend
  3) kuwona zambiri ndikugwira ntchito ndi RAID
• mphaka /proc/mdstat
• alireza
  4) malo okwera
• Phiri
• kuchuluka
• mphaka /etc/fstab
• mphaka /etc/mtab
  5) kugawa kwa disk
• fdisk /dev/XXX
  6) kukopera magawo
• dd ngati=/dev/xxx wa=/dev/yyy
  7) kugwira ntchito ndi tebulo logawa
• gawo
• sfdisk
• mkonzi4
  8) kugwira ntchito ndi bootloader
• grub-install /dev/XXX
• zosintha-grub
  9) zina
• lsof
• zoyenerera
• rsync

Ntchito ya labotale imakhala ndi magawo atatu:

• kukhazikitsa dongosolo logwirira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito lvm, raid
• kutengera chimodzi mwazolephera za disk
• kusintha ma disks pa ntchentche, kuwonjezera ma disks atsopano ndi magawo osuntha.

Ntchito 1 (kukhazikitsa kwa OS ndi kasinthidwe ka LVM, RAID)

1) Pangani makina atsopano, ndikupatseni izi:

• 1 gb ram
• 1 cpu
• 2 hdds (atchule ssd1, ssd2 ndikugawa kukula kofanana, fufuzani kusinthana kotentha ndi mabokosi a ssd)
• Wowongolera wa SATA adapangidwira madoko 4

2) Yambani kukhazikitsa Linux ndipo mukafika posankha ma hard drive, chitani izi:

• Njira yogawanitsa: Buku, pambuyo pake muyenera kuwona chithunzichi:
  

• Kukhazikitsa magawo osiyana a / boot: Sankhani disk yoyamba ndikupanga tebulo latsopano logawa

  • Kukula kwa magawo: 512M
  • Malo okwera: /boot
  • Bwerezani zosintha za disk yachiwiri, koma popeza simungathe kukwera / boot kawiri nthawi imodzi, sankhani malo okwera: palibe, pamapeto pake mutenge zotsatirazi (chithunzi chokhala ndi jamb, waulesi kwambiri kuti muchichitenso):
    

• Kupanga RAID:

  • Sankhani malo aulere pa disk yoyamba ndikusintha mtundu wa magawo ngati voliyumu yakuthupi ya RAID
  • Sankhani "Ndamaliza kuyika magawo"
  • Bwerezani zosintha zomwezo pa disk yachiwiri, zomwe zimapangitsa izi:
    
  • Sankhani "Sinthani mapulogalamu RAID"
  • Pangani chipangizo cha MD
  • Mtundu wa chipangizo cha Software RAID: Sankhani gulu lagalasi
  • Zida zogwira ntchito zamagulu a RAID XXXX: Sankhani ma drive onse awiri
  • Zida zosungira: Siyani 0 ngati yosasintha
  • Zipangizo zomwe zimagwira ntchito pagulu la RAID XX: sankhani magawo omwe mudapanga pakuwukiridwa
  • chitsiriziro
  • Chifukwa chake, muyenera kupeza chithunzi chonga ichi:
    

• Kukonza LVM: Sankhani Konzani Logical Volume Manager

  • Sungani magawo apano ndikusintha LVM: Inde
  • Pangani gulu la voliyumu
  • Dzina la gulu la voliyumu: system
  • Zida za gulu latsopano la voliyumu: Sankhani RAID yanu yopangidwa
  • Pangani mawu omveka bwino
  • dzina lomveka la voliyumu: mizu
  • kukula kwa voliyumu yomveka: 25 ya kukula kwa disk yanu
  • Pangani mawu omveka bwino
  • dzina lomveka la voliyumu: var
  • kukula kwa voliyumu yomveka: 25 ya kukula kwa disk yanu
  • Pangani mawu omveka bwino
  • dzina lomveka la voliyumu: chipika
  • kukula kwa voliyumu yomveka: 15 ya kukula kwa disk yanu
  • Posankha tsatanetsatane wa masinthidwe a Display muyenera kupeza chithunzi ichi:
    
  • Mukamaliza kukhazikitsa LVM muyenera kuwona zotsatirazi:
    

• Kugawa magawo: imodzi ndi imodzi, sankhani voliyumu iliyonse yomwe idapangidwa mu LVM ndikuyiyika, mwachitsanzo, pamizu ngati iyi:

  • Gwiritsani ntchito ngati: ext4
  • malo okwera:/
  • Chotsatira cholemba kugawa kwa mizu chiyenera kuwoneka motere:
    
  • bwerezani ntchito yogawa kwa var ndi log, ndikusankha malo okwera (/ var ndi / var / log adalowa pamanja), kupeza zotsatirazi:
    
  • Sankhani Finish Partitioning
  • Mudzafunsidwa mafunso angapo okhudza kuti mukadali ndi gawo losakwera ndipo kusinthana sikunakonzedwe. Mafunso onse awiri ayankhidwe molakwika.

• Chotsatira chomaliza chiyenera kuwoneka motere:
  
  3) Malizitsani kuyika kwa OS mwa kukhazikitsa grub pa chipangizo choyamba (sda) ndikuyambitsa dongosolo.
  4) Lembani zomwe zili mu / boot partition kuchokera pa sda ​​drive (ssd1) kupita ku sdb drive (ssd2)

  dd if=/dev/sda1 of=/dev/sdb1

  5) Ikani grub pa chipangizo chachiwiri:

• Onani ma disks mu dongosolo:

  fdisk -l
  lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT

• Lembani ma disks onse omwe lamulo lapitalo likupatsani ndikufotokozera mtundu wa disk

• Pezani galimoto yomwe grub sinayikidwe ndikuyika izi:
  grub-install /dev/sdb

• yang'anani zambiri zakuwukira komweku ndi lamulo la mphaka /proc/mdstat ndikulemba zomwe mukuwona.

• yang'anani zotsatira za malamulo: pvs, vgs, lvs, kukwera ndi kulemba zomwe mwawona

Fotokozani m'mawu anu zomwe munachita ndi zotsatira zomwe mwapeza kuchokera ku ntchitoyo.

Mukamaliza ntchitoyi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti musunge zosunga zobwezeretsera chikwatu cha makina enieni kapena kupanga
bokosi loyenda: https://t.me/bykvaadm/191

Zotsatira: Makina enieni okhala ndi ma disks ssd1, ssd2

Ntchito 2 (Kutengera kulephera kwa imodzi mwa ma disks)

1) Ngati mwayang'ana bokosi losinthana lotentha, ndiye kuti mutha kufufuta ma disks pa ntchentche

• Chotsani disk ssd1 muzinthu zamakina
• Pezani chikwatu chomwe mafayilo amakina anu amasungidwa ndikuchotsa ssd1.vmdk
  2) Onetsetsani kuti makina anu enieni akugwirabe ntchito
  3) Yambitsaninso makina enieni ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ikugwirabe ntchito
  4) onani momwe gulu la RAID lilili: mphaka /proc/mdstat
  5) onjezani disk yatsopano yofanana ndi mawonekedwe a VM ndikuyitcha ssd3
  6) gwiritsani ntchito:
• onani kuti disk yatsopano yafika mudongosolo pogwiritsa ntchito fdisk -l
• lembani tebulo logawa kuchokera pa disk yakale kupita ku yatsopano: sfdisk -d /dev/XXXX | sfdisk /dev/YYY
• yang'anani zotsatira pogwiritsa ntchito fdisk -l
• Onjezani diski yatsopano pamndandanda wazowukira: mdadm -manage /dev/md0 -add /dev/YYY
• Onani zotsatira: cat /proc/mdstat. Muyenera kuwona kuti kulunzanitsa kwayamba
  7) Tsopano muyenera kulunzanitsa pamanja magawo omwe sali gawo la RAID.
  Kuti tichite izi, tidzagwiritsa ntchito dd utility, kukopera kuchokera pa disk "live" kupita ku yatsopano yomwe mwaika posachedwapa.

  dd if=/dev/XXX of=/dev/YYY

  8) Pambuyo polumikizanitsa, ikani grub pagalimoto yatsopano
  9) Yambitsaninso VM kuti muwonetsetse kuti zonse zikuyenda
  Fotokozani m'mawu anu zomwe munachita ndi zotsatira zomwe mwapeza kuchokera ku ntchitoyo.
  Zotsatira: Disk ssd1 idachotsedwa, disk ssd2 idasungidwa, disk ssd3 idawonjezedwa.

  Ntchito 3 (Kuwonjezera ma disks atsopano ndikusuntha magawo)

  Iyi ndiye ntchito yovuta komanso yovuta kwambiri kuposa zonse zomwe zaperekedwa.
  Yang'anani mosamala kwambiri zomwe mukuchita komanso ma disks ndi magawo.
  Ndibwino kuti mupange kope musanayigwiritse ntchito.
  Ntchitoyi ndi yodziyimira payokha pa ntchito nambala 2; itha kuchitidwa pambuyo pa ntchito No. 1, yosinthidwa kuti ikhale mayina a disk.
  Gawo lachiwiri la ntchito ya labotale liyenera kutsogolera ku mkhalidwe womwewo womwe unali pambuyo pomaliza gawo loyamba.

  Kuti ntchito yanu ikhale yosavuta, nditha kukulangizani kuti musachotse ma disks pamakina opangira, koma kokha
  kulumikiza iwo mu katundu makina. Kuchokera pamalingaliro a OS mu VM idzawoneka chimodzimodzi, koma mutha
  ngati chinachake chikuchitika, gwirizanitsani litayamba kubwerera ndi kupitiriza ntchito ndi kugubuduza mmbuyo mfundo zingapo, ngati
  muli ndi mavuto. Mwachitsanzo, mwina simunachite molakwika kapena mwaiwala kukopera / boot partition ku disk yatsopano.
  Ndikungokulangizani kuti muyang'anenso ma disks ndi magawo omwe mukugwira nawo ntchito kangapo, kapena bwino
  Lembani papepala makalata olemberana pakati pa disks, magawo ndi nambala ya disk "yakuthupi". Mtengo wokongola komanso womveka bwino
  timu imakoka lsblk, ligwiritseni ntchito kaŵirikaŵiri monga momwe mungathere kuti mupende zimene mwachita ndi zimene ziyenera kuchitidwa.

  Ku story...

  Tangoganizani kuti seva yanu yakhala ikugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali pamayendedwe a 2 SSD, pomwe mwadzidzidzi ...

  1) Tsanzirani kulephera kwa ssd2 disk pochotsa disk ku VM katundu ndikuyambiranso
  2) Onani momwe ma disks ndi RAID alipo:

  cat /proc/mdstat
  fdisk -l
  lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT

  3) Ndinu mwayi - mabwana anu akulolani kuti mugule ma disks angapo atsopano:

  2 SATA yayikulu yantchito yomwe idachedwa nthawi yayitali yosuntha magawo ndi zipika kupita ku disk yosiyana

  2 SSD kuti ilowe m'malo mwa yomwe yafa, komanso kusintha yomwe ikugwirabe ntchito.

  Chonde dziwani kuti dengu la seva limathandizira kukhazikitsa ma disks 4 panthawi imodzi,
  chifukwa chake, simungathe kuwonjezera ma disks onse nthawi imodzi.

  Sankhani kuchuluka kwa HDD kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa SSD.
  Kuchuluka kwa SSD ndikokulirapo nthawi 1,25 kuposa SSD yakale.

  4) Onjezani diski yatsopano ya ssd, kuyitcha ssd4, ndipo mutatha kuwonjezera, onani zomwe zidachitika:

  fdisk -l
  lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT

  5) Choyamba, muyenera kusamalira chitetezo cha deta pa litayamba chakale.
  Nthawi ino tidzasamutsa deta pogwiritsa ntchito LVM:

  • Choyamba, muyenera kukopera tebulo la fayilo kuchokera pa disk yakale kupita ku yatsopano:

    sfdisk -d /dev/XXX | sfdisk /dev/YYY

    Lowetsani ma disks olondola a x,y ndikuwona zomwe lamuloli likuchita.

    Thamangani lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT ndikuyerekeza zomwe zatulutsa ndi zomwe zidayimba kale.
    Kodi chasintha n’chiyani?
    gwiritsani ntchito lamulo la dd kukopera / boot data ku disk yatsopano

    dd if=/dev/XXX of=/dev/YYY

    ngati / boot idakhalabe pa diski yakale, iyenera kukhazikitsidwanso pa diski yamoyo:

    mount | grep boot # смотрим куда смонтирован диск
    lsblk # смотрим какие диски есть в системе и смотрим есть ли диск, полученный из предыдущего пункта
    umount /boot # отмонтируем /boot
    mount -a # выполним монтирование всех точек согласно /etc/fstab. 
    # Поскольку там указана точка монтирования /dev/sda, то будет выполнено корректное перемонтирование на живой диск

    Ikani bootloader pa ssd drive yatsopano

    grub-install /dev/YYY

    N’chifukwa chiyani tikuchita opaleshoni imeneyi?

    pangani mndandanda watsopano wowononga kuphatikiza diski imodzi yokha ya ssd:

    mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md63 --level=1 --raid-devices=1 /dev/YYY

    Lamulo lomwe lili pamwambapa silingagwire ntchito popanda kufotokoza kiyi yapadera.
    Werengani thandizo ndikuwonjezera kiyi ili ku lamulo.

    Gwiritsani ntchito lamulo la mphaka /proc/mdstat kuti muwone zotsatira za ntchito yanu. Kodi chasintha n’chiyani?
    Thamangani lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT ndikuyerekeza zomwe zatulutsa ndi zomwe zidayimba kale.
    Kodi chasintha n’chiyani?
    6) Chotsatira ndikukonza LVM
    yendetsani lamulo la pvs kuti muwone zambiri zama voliyumu omwe alipo
    pangani voliyumu yatsopano kuphatikiza gulu la RAID lomwe linapangidwa kale:

    pvcreate /dev/md63

    Thamangani lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT ndikuyerekeza zomwe zatulutsa ndi zomwe zidayimba kale.
    Kodi chasintha n’chiyani?
    Yendetsaninso lamulo la pvs. Kodi chasintha n’chiyani?
    Tiyeni tiwonjezere kukula kwa dongosolo la Gulu la Volume pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo ili:

    vgextend system /dev/md63

    Thamangani malamulo ndikulemba zomwe mwawona ndi zomwe zasintha.

    vgdisplay system -v
    pvs
    vgs
    lvs -a -o+devices

    Kodi LV var,log,root ili pa disk yakuthupi iti?

    Chotsani deta kuchokera pagalimoto yakale kupita ku yatsopano, pogwiritsa ntchito mayina olondola a chipangizo.

    pvmove -i 10 -n /dev/system/root /dev/md0 /dev/md63 

    Bwerezani ntchitoyi pama voliyumu onse omveka

    Thamangani malamulo ndikulemba zomwe mwawona ndi zomwe zasintha.

    vgdisplay system -v
    pvs
    vgs
    lvs -a -o+devices
    lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT

    Tiyeni tisinthe VG yathu pochotsa diski yakale yowonongamo. M'malo mwa dzina lolondola lowombera.

    vgreduce system /dev/md0

    Thamangani malamulo ndikulemba zomwe mwawona ndi zomwe zasintha.

    lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT
    pvs
    vgs

    Kuti chithunzicho chikhale chokongola kwambiri, yesaninso / yambitsani ku ssd disk yachiwiri (ssd4) ndikuyendetsa lsblk. Zotsatira zake, ssd3 disk sichimatero
    palibe chomwe chiyenera kukwezedwa. Onetsetsani kuti / boot partition ilibe kanthu! ls /boot ayenera kusonyeza
    angapo owona ndi zikwatu. Phunzirani zomwe zasungidwa m'gawoli ndikulemba mndandanda wamafayilo omwe ali ndi udindo pa zomwe.
    7) chotsani ssd3 disk ndikuwonjezera ssd5, hdd1, hdd2 molingana ndi zomwe tafotokozazi, zomwe zimapangitsa:
    ssd4 - ssd yatsopano yoyamba
    ssd5 - yachiwiri yatsopano ssd
    hdd1 - HD yatsopano yoyamba
    hdd2 - yachiwiri HDd yatsopano

    8) Onani zomwe zidachitika mutawonjezera ma disks:

    fdisk -l
    lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT

    9) Tiyeni tibwezeretse magwiridwe antchito a gulu lalikulu:

    • koperani tebulo logawa, m'malo mwa ma disks olondola:

      sfdisk -d /dev/XXX | sfdisk /dev/YYY

    • Chonde dziwani kuti titakopera tebulo logawa kuchokera ku disk yakale, zikuwoneka ngati kukula kwatsopano
      sichigwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yonse ya hard drive.
      Chifukwa chake, posachedwa tidzafunika kusinthanso gawo ili ndikukulitsa kuwukira.
      Dziwoneni nokha poyendetsa lamulo:

      lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT

      10) koperani gawo la boot / boot kuchokera ku ssd4 kupita ku ssd5

      dd if=/dev/XXX of=/dev/YYY

      11) Ikani grub pagalimoto yatsopano (ssd5)
      12) sinthani gawo lachiwiri la ssd5 disk

      gwiritsani ntchito disk partitioning utility:

      fdisk /dev/XXX

      lowetsani fungulo la d kuti muchotse magawo omwe alipo (sankhani 2)
      lowetsani kiyi n kuti mupange gawo latsopano
      lowetsani kiyi p kuti muwonetse mtundu wa magawowo ndi "choyambirira"
      lowetsani kiyi 2 kuti gawo latsopanoli likhale ndi nambala yachiwiri
      Gawo loyamba: dinani Enter kuti muvomereze kukula kowerengeka kwa chiyambi cha magawowo
      Gawo lomaliza: dinani Enter kuti muvomereze kukula komwe kwawerengedwera kumapeto kwa gawolo
      lowetsani kiyi l kuti muwone mndandanda wamitundu yonse yogawa ndikupeza Linux raid auto momwemo
      lowetsani kiyi ya t kuti musinthe mtundu wa magawo omwe adapangidwa (2) ndikulowetsa nambala yomwe idapezeka pagawo lapitalo.
      lowetsani w kiyi kuti mulembe kusintha kwa disk.
      12) werenganinso tebulo logawa ndikuwona zotsatira

      partx -u /dev/XXX
      lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT

      onjezani diski yatsopano pamndandanda wapano (osayiwala kulowetsa ma disks olondola)

      mdadm --manage /dev/md63 --add /dev/sda2

      Tiyeni tiwonjeze kuchuluka kwa ma disks mugulu lathu mpaka 2:

      mdadm --grow /dev/md63 --raid-devices=2

      Yang'anani zotsatira zake: tili ndi magulu awiri olembedwa, koma zigawo zonse ziwiri zomwe zikuphatikizidwa pamndandandawu zili ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana.

      lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT

      13) onjezani kukula kwa magawo pa ssd4 disk

      gwiritsani ntchito disk partitioning utility:

      fdisk /dev/XXX

      lowetsani fungulo la d kuti muchotse magawo omwe alipo (sankhani 2)
      lowetsani kiyi n kuti mupange gawo latsopano
      lowetsani kiyi p kuti muwonetse mtundu wa magawowo ndi "choyambirira"
      lowetsani kiyi 2 kuti gawo latsopanoli likhale ndi nambala yachiwiri
      Gawo loyamba: dinani Enter kuti muvomereze kukula kowerengeka kwa chiyambi cha magawowo
      Gawo lomaliza: dinani Enter kuti muvomereze kukula komwe kwawerengedwera kumapeto kwa gawolo
      Pamapeto pa zolembera, sankhani Ayi kuti musiye siginecha ya umembala wagawolo pamndandanda.
      lowetsani w kiyi kuti mulembe kusintha kwa disk.
      12) werenganinso tebulo logawa ndikuwona zotsatira

      partx -u /dev/XXX
      lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT

      Chonde dziwani kuti tsopano sda2, magawo a sdc2 ali ndi kukula> kuposa kukula kwa chipangizo chowombera.

      13) pakadali pano kukula kwachiwombankhanga kumatha kukulitsidwa

      mdadm --grow /dev/md63 --size=max
      lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT # check result

      Onaninso lsblk ndikuwona zomwe zasintha
      14) Komabe, ngakhale tidasintha kukula kwa kuwomberako, makulidwe a vg root,var,log iwowo sanasinthe.

      • yang'anani kukula kwa PV:

        pvs

      • Tiyeni tikulitse kukula kwa PV yathu:

        pvresize /dev/md63

      • yang'anani kukula kwa PV:

        pvs

        15) Onjezani malo omwe angowonekera kumene VG var,root

        lvs # посмотрим сколько сейчас размечено
        lvextend -l +50%FREE /dev/system/root
        lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/system/var
        lvs # проверьте что получилось

        Pakadali pano, mwamaliza kusamutsa gulu lalikulu kupita ku ma disks atsopano. gwiritsani ntchito ssd1, ssd2 yatha

        16) Ntchito yathu yotsatira ndikusuntha / var / log ku ma disks atsopano, chifukwa cha izi tidzapanga mndandanda watsopano ndi lvm pa hdd disks.

        • tiyeni tiwone mayina omwe ma drive atsopano a hdd ali nawo

          fdisk -l

        • tiyeni tipange gulu lankhondo

          mdadm --create /dev/md127 --level=1 --raid-devices=2 /dev/sdc /dev/sdd

        • tiyeni tipange PV yatsopano pakuwombera kuchokera pama disks akulu

          pvcreate data /dev/md127

        • Tiyeni tipange gulu mu PV iyi yotchedwa data

          vgcreate data /dev/md127

        • Tiyeni tipange voliyumu yomveka ndi kukula kwa malo onse aulere ndikuyitcha val_log

          lvcreate -l 100%FREE -n var_log data # lvs # посмотрим результат

        • sinthani magawo omwe adapangidwa mu ext4

          mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/data-var_log

        • tiyeni tiwone zotsatira zake

          lsblk

          17) kusamutsa deta ya chipika kuchokera kugawo lakale kupita ku chatsopano

          khazikitsani chipika chatsopano chosungira kwakanthawi

          mount /dev/mapper/data-var_log /mnt

          tiyeni synchronize magawo

          apt install rsync
          rsync -avzr /var/log/ /mnt/

          Tiyeni tiwone njira zomwe zikuyenda mu /var/log

          apt install lsof
          lsof | grep '/var/log'

          kuyimitsa njira izi

          systemctl stop rsyslog.service syslog.socket

          phatikizaninso magawo omaliza (deta yomwe mwina yasintha kuyambira kulumikizana komaliza)

          rsync -avzr /var/log/ /mnt/

          kusintha magawo

          umount /mnt
          umount /var/log
          mount /dev/mapper/data-var_log /var/log

          tiyeni tione zomwe zinachitika

          lsblk

          18) Sinthani /etc/fstab
          fstab - fayilo yomwe imalemba malamulo omwe magawo aziyika pa boot
          ntchito yathu ndikupeza mzere pomwe / var/log wakwera ndikukonza chipangizocho system-log pa data-var_log

          19) Chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa siteji iyi - musaiwale kusintha tebulo radela (ext4, mwachitsanzo). Chifukwa ziribe kanthu momwe tingasinthire kuwombera kulikonse, lvm, mpaka FS pa gawoli idziwitsidwa kuti kukula kwa magawo tsopano kwasintha, sitidzatha kugwiritsa ntchito malo atsopano. Gwiritsani ntchito lamulo resize2fs kusintha FS.

          20) Njira yomaliza

          • Tiyeni tiyambitsenso. Ngati munachita zonse molondola, mudzabwezeredwa ku OS yanu (izi ndizofunikira kuti muwonetsetse kuti zonse zikuyenda bwino. Sitepe iyi ilibe tanthauzo lina koma kudziyesa nokha)
          • onetsetsani kuti zonse zomwe timafuna kuchita zidachitikadi:

            pvs
            lvs
            vgs
            lsblk
            cat /proc/mdstat

          21) [KUSAKHALITSA] Tsatirani izi

          • yambitsaninso mwa kukanikiza F12 kuti mutchule ma drive osiyanasiyana mukamayambira kuti muwonetsetse kuti mutha kuyambitsa
            kuchokera pamtundu uliwonse wa ssd, kuti tisawope kulephera kwa imodzi mwazo
          • tsopano muli ndi chipika cha LV chosafunikira mu VG system. Perekani malowa pakati pa mizu kapena var, koma m'malo mogwiritsa ntchito
            mapangidwe 100% ZAULERE tchulani kukula kwake ndi dzanja pogwiritsa ntchito kiyi -L:

            -L 500M

          • kukonza vuto kuti / jombo lili pa magawo awiri popanda kulunzanitsa, palibe chifukwa chochitira izi molondola,
            zawonjezedwa apa monga chitsanzo. Musaiwale kukopera zomwe zili mu / boot penapake poyamba.
            • pangani kuwukira kwatsopano ndikuphatikiza sda1,sda2 mmenemo
            • Phatikizani magawowa pakuwukira komwe kulipo ndikubwezeretsa / yambitsani kuwukira kwakukulu, koma osayiyika.

Source: www.habr.com