Kupanga zosunga zobwezeretsera zomwe zimagwira ntchito pakugawa kulikonse si ntchito yophweka. Kuonetsetsa kuti Veeam Agent ya Linux ikugwira ntchito pagawidwe kuchokera ku Red Hat 6 ndi Debian 6, kupita ku OpenSUSE 15.1 ndi Ubuntu 19.04, muyenera kuthana ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana, makamaka poganizira kuti pulogalamuyo imaphatikizapo gawo la kernel.
Nkhaniyi idapangidwa potengera zomwe adalankhula pamsonkhano .
Linux si imodzi mwa machitidwe otchuka kwambiri. Kwenikweni, iyi ndi nsanja pamaziko omwe mutha kupanga china chake chapadera, china chake. Chifukwa cha izi, Linux ili ndi magawo ambiri omwe amasiyana pamapulogalamu awo. Ndipo apa pali vuto: kuti pulogalamu ya pulogalamuyo igwire ntchito pakugawa kulikonse, muyenera kuganizira zamtundu uliwonse.
Oyang'anira phukusi. .deb vs .rpm
Tiyeni tiyambe ndi vuto lodziwikiratu la kugawa katunduyo pamagulu osiyanasiyana.
Njira yodziwika bwino yogawira mapulogalamu a pulogalamu ndikuyika phukusi pamalo osungira kuti woyang'anira phukusi yemwe adamangidwa mudongosolo atha kuyiyika pamenepo.
Komabe, tili ndi mitundu iwiri yotchuka ya phukusi: rpm ΠΈ deb. Izi zikutanthauza kuti aliyense ayenera kuthandizira.
M'dziko la phukusi la deb, mulingo wofananira ndiwodabwitsa. Phukusi lomwelo limayika ndikugwira ntchito bwino pa Debian 6 ndi Ubuntu 19.04. Miyezo yomanga mapaketi ndikugwira nawo ntchito, yoyikidwa m'magawo akale a Debian, imakhalabe yofunikira mu Linux Mint yatsopano ndi OS yoyambira. Chifukwa chake, pankhani ya Veeam Agent ya Linux, phukusi limodzi la deb pa nsanja iliyonse ya Hardware ndilokwanira.
Koma mu dziko la rpm phukusi, kusiyana ndi kwakukulu. Choyamba, chifukwa chakuti pali ogawa awiri odziimira okha, Red Hat ndi SUSE, omwe kugwirizana sikuli kofunikira. Kachiwiri, ogawa awa ali ndi zida zogawa kuchokera kwa iwo. thandizo ndi kuyesera. Palibenso chifukwa chofanana pakati pawo. Zinapezeka kuti el6, el7 ndi el8 ali ndi mapaketi awo. Phukusi losiyana la Fedora. Maphukusi a SLES11 ndi 12 ndi osiyana a openSUSE. Vuto lalikulu ndi kudalira ndi mayina a phukusi.
Vuto lodalira
Tsoka ilo, mapaketi omwewo nthawi zambiri amatha pansi pa mayina osiyanasiyana m'magawo osiyanasiyana. Pansipa pali mndandanda wazomwe zimadalira phukusi la veeam.
Za EL7:
Kwa SLES 12:
- libblkid
- libgcc
- libstdc++
- matukwana-libs
- fuse-libs
- file-libs
- veeamsnap=3.0.2.1185
- libblkid1
- libgcc_s1
- libstdc++6
- libmagic1
- lifuse2
- veeamsnap-kmp=3.0.2.1185
Chotsatira chake, mndandanda wa zodalira ndi wapadera pa kugawa.
Chomwe chikuipiraipira ndi pomwe mtundu wosinthidwa uyamba kubisala pansi pa dzina la phukusi lakale.
Chitsanzo:
Phukusili lasinthidwa mu Fedora 24 amanyoza kuchokera ku mtundu wa 5 kupita ku mtundu wa 6. Zogulitsa zathu zidapangidwa ndi mtundu wa 5 kuti zitsimikizire kuti zimagwirizana ndi magawo akale. Kuti ndigwiritse ntchito laibulale yakale ya 5 pa Fedora 24, ndinayenera kugwiritsa ntchito phukusi ncurses-compat-libs.
Zotsatira zake, pali mapaketi awiri a Fedora, okhala ndi zodalira zosiyanasiyana.
Zinanso zosangalatsa. Pambuyo pakusintha kogawa kotsatira, phukusili ncurses-compat-libs ndi mtundu 5 wa laibulale zikuwoneka kuti sizikupezeka. Ndizokwera mtengo kuti wogawayo akokere malaibulale akale kukhala mtundu watsopano wogawira. Patapita nthawi, vuto linabwerezedwanso mu magawo a SUSE.
Chifukwa chake, magawo ena adayenera kusiya kudalira kwawo kowonekera matukwana-libs, ndi kukonza zinthuzo kuti zizigwira ntchito ndi laibulale iliyonse.
Mwa njira, mu mtundu 8 wa Red Hat palibenso phukusi la meta python, amene ankanena za zakale zabwino python 2.7. Pali python2 ΠΈ python3.
M'malo mwa oyang'anira phukusi
Vuto la kudalira ndi lakale ndipo lakhala lodziwikiratu. Ingokumbukirani Dependency gehena.
Kuphatikizira malaibulale osiyanasiyana ndi mapulogalamu kuti onse azigwira ntchito mosasunthika komanso osatsutsana - kwenikweni, iyi ndi ntchito yomwe wofalitsa aliyense wa Linux amayesa kuthetsa.
Woyang'anira phukusi amayesa kuthetsa vutoli mwanjira ina. Snappy kuchokera ku Canonical. Lingaliro lalikulu: kugwiritsa ntchito kumayendera mu sandbox yokhayokha komanso yotetezedwa ku dongosolo lalikulu. Ngati pulogalamu ikufuna malaibulale, amaperekedwa ndi pulogalamuyo yokha.
Flatpak imakuthandizaninso kuyendetsa mapulogalamu mu sandbox pogwiritsa ntchito Linux Containers. Lingaliro la sandbox limagwiritsidwanso ntchito AppImage.
Mayankho awa amakulolani kuti mupange phukusi limodzi pakugawa kulikonse. Ngati Flatpak kukhazikitsa ndi kukhazikitsa pulogalamuyi ndizotheka ngakhale popanda kudziwa kwa woyang'anira.
Vuto lalikulu ndikuti si mapulogalamu onse omwe amatha kuthamanga mu sandbox. Anthu ena amafunikira mwayi wopita kupulatifomu. Sindikukamba za ma module a kernel, omwe amadalira kernel ndipo sakugwirizana ndi lingaliro la sandbox.
Vuto lachiwiri ndiloti magawo omwe amagawidwa m'mabizinesi kuchokera ku Red Hat ndi SUSE alibe chithandizo cha Snappy ndi Flatpak.
Pachifukwa ichi, Veeam Agent wa Linux palibe ayi pa .
Pomaliza funso lokhudza oyang'anira phukusi, ndikufuna kudziwa kuti pali mwayi wosiya oyang'anira phukusi palimodzi pophatikiza mafayilo a binary ndi script yowayika mu phukusi limodzi.
Mtolo woterewu umakupatsani mwayi wopanga phukusi limodzi logawa magawo osiyanasiyana ndi mapulatifomu, gwiritsani ntchito njira yolumikizirana, ndikuchita makonda oyenera. Ndangokumana ndi phukusi la Linux kuchokera ku VMware.
Vuto losintha
Ngakhale nkhani zonse zodalira zitathetsedwa, pulogalamuyo imatha kuyenda mosiyanasiyana pakugawa komweko. Ndi nkhani yosintha.
Pali njira zitatu zosinthira:
- Chosavuta ndicho kusasintha. Ndinakhazikitsa seva ndikuyiwala za izo. Bwanji kusintha ngati zonse zikugwira ntchito? Mavuto amayamba nthawi yoyamba mukalumikizana ndi chithandizo. Wopanga kugawa amangothandizira kutulutsidwa komwe kwasinthidwa.
- Mutha kukhulupirira wogawa ndikukhazikitsa zosintha zokha. Pachifukwa ichi, kuyitana kuti muthandizidwe kungathe kuchitika mwamsanga pambuyo pa kusintha kosatheka.
- Njira yosinthira pamanja pokhapokha mutayiyendetsa pamayeso oyeserera ndiyodalirika kwambiri, koma okwera mtengo komanso owononga nthawi. Sikuti aliyense angakwanitse.
Popeza ogwiritsa ntchito osiyanasiyana amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zosinthira, ndikofunikira kuthandizira kutulutsidwa kwaposachedwa komanso zonse zomwe zidatulutsidwa kale. Izi zimasokoneza chitukuko ndi kuyesa ndikuwonjezera mutu ku gulu lothandizira.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsanja za Hardware
Mapulatifomu osiyanasiyana a Hardware ndi vuto lomwe limakhudza kwambiri ma code amtundu. Osachepera, muyenera kusonkhanitsa ma binaries pa nsanja iliyonse yothandizira.
Mu Veeam Agent for Linux project, sitingathe kuthandizira chilichonse chonga RISC iyi.
Sindidzaika pa nkhaniyi mwatsatanetsatane. Ndingofotokoza zovuta zazikulu: mitundu yodalira nsanja, monga size_t, makonzedwe a dongosolo ndi dongosolo la byte.
Kulumikizana kokhazikika ndi/kapena kosinthika
Koma funso ndilakuti "Momwe mungalumikizire ndi malaibulale - mwamphamvu kapena mokhazikika?" zoyenera kukambirana.
Monga lamulo, mapulogalamu a C/C++ pansi pa Linux amagwiritsa ntchito kulumikizana kwamphamvu. Izi zimagwira ntchito bwino ngati pulogalamuyo idamangidwa kuti igawidwe mwapadera.
Ngati ntchitoyo ndikugawa magawo osiyanasiyana ndi fayilo imodzi yamabina, ndiye kuti muyenera kuyang'ana pagawo lakale lomwe limathandizidwa. Kwa ife, iyi ndi Red Hat 6. Ili ndi gcc 4.4, yomwe ngakhale muyezo wa C ++ 11 sugwirizana. .
Timamanga pulojekiti yathu pogwiritsa ntchito gcc 6.3, yomwe imathandizira C++14. Mwachilengedwe, pankhaniyi, pa Red Hat 6 muyenera kunyamula libstdc ++ ndikuwonjezera malaibulale. Njira yosavuta ndiyo kulumikiza iwo statically.
Koma tsoka, si malaibulale onse omwe angalumikizidwe mokhazikika.
Choyamba, malaibulale adongosolo monga libfuse, libblkid ndikofunikira kulumikiza mwamphamvu kuti zitsimikizire kuti zimagwirizana ndi kernel ndi ma module ake.
Kachiwiri, pali chinyengo ndi malayisensi.
Layisensi ya GPL imakulolani kuti mulumikizane ndi malaibulale okha ndi code opensource. MIT ndi BSD amalola kulumikiza static ndi kulola malaibulale kuphatikizidwa mu ntchito. Koma LGPL sikuwoneka kuti ikutsutsana ndi kulumikizana kosasunthika, koma imafuna kuti mafayilo ofunikira kuti alumikizane agawidwe.
Nthawi zambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito kulumikizana kwamphamvu kumakulepheretsani kupereka chilichonse.
Kupanga C/C++ mapulogalamu
Kuti mupange C / C ++ mapulogalamu a mapulatifomu osiyanasiyana ndi magawo, ndikokwanira kusankha kapena kupanga mtundu woyenera wa gcc ndikugwiritsa ntchito ma compilers pamapangidwe apadera ndikusonkhanitsa gulu lonse la malaibulale. Ntchitoyi ndi yotheka, koma yovuta kwambiri. Ndipo palibe chitsimikizo kuti wophatikiza wosankhidwa ndi malaibulale adzapereka mtundu wotheka.
Ubwino wodziwikiratu: zomanga ndizosavuta, popeza njira yonse yomanga imatha kumalizidwa pamakina amodzi. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikwanira kusonkhanitsa seti imodzi ya ma binaries pamapangidwe amodzi ndipo mutha kuwayika m'maphukusi a magawo osiyanasiyana. Umu ndi momwe mapaketi a veeam amapangidwira Veeam Agent ya Linux.
Mosiyana ndi njirayi, mutha kungokonzekera famu yomanga, ndiko kuti, makina angapo osonkhanitsira. Makina aliwonse oterowo adzapereka kuphatikizika kwa mapulogalamu ndi msonkhano wa phukusi kuti agawidwe mwapadera komanso kamangidwe kake. Pankhaniyi, kuphatikiza kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito njira zokonzedwa ndi wogawa. Ndiko kuti, siteji yokonzekera compiler ndi kusankha malaibulale amathetsedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, njira yomangayo imatha kufananizidwa mosavuta.
Pali, komabe, zovuta panjira iyi: pakugawa kulikonse mkati mwazomangamanga zomwezo, muyenera kusonkhanitsa mafayilo anu a binary. Choyipa china ndi chakuti makina ambiri otere amafunika kusamalidwa komanso malo ambiri a disk ndi RAM ayenera kuperekedwa.
Umu ndi momwe mapaketi a KMOD a module ya veeamsnap kernel amapangidwira kuti agawidwe a Red Hat.
Open Build Service
Anzake ochokera ku SUSE adayesa kukhazikitsa maziko apakati ngati ntchito yapadera yokonza mapulogalamu ndi kusonkhanitsa phukusi - .
Kwenikweni, ndi hypervisor yomwe imapanga makina enieni, kuyika mapepala onse ofunikira mmenemo, kusonkhanitsa ntchito ndikumanga phukusi kumalo akutali, pambuyo pake makinawo amamasulidwa.
Okonza omwe akhazikitsidwa mu OpenBuildService awona kuchuluka kwa makina angati omwe angakhazikitse kuti apange liwiro lomanga phukusi. Makina osainira omwe adamangidwa amasaina mapaketiwo ndikuwayika kumalo osungira omwe adamangidwa. Dongosolo loyang'anira mtundu wokhazikika lidzasunga mbiri yakusintha ndikumanga. Chotsalira ndikungowonjezera magwero anu ku dongosolo lino. Simuyeneranso kukhazikitsa seva nokha; mutha kugwiritsa ntchito yotseguka.
Komabe, pali vuto: chokolola choterocho chimakhala chovuta kuti chigwirizane ndi zomwe zilipo. Mwachitsanzo, kuwongolera kwamitundu sikufunika; tili ndi zathu zathu zama code. Makina athu osayina ndi osiyana: timagwiritsa ntchito seva yapadera. Posungira sikufunikanso.
Kuphatikiza apo, thandizo la magawo ena - mwachitsanzo, Red Hat - limayendetsedwa bwino, zomwe zimamveka.
Ubwino wautumiki woterewu ndikuthandizira mwachangu mtundu wotsatira wa kugawa kwa SUSE. Asanalengeze za kumasulidwa, mapepala ofunikira kuti asonkhane amaikidwa pamalo osungira anthu. Chatsopano chikuwoneka pamndandanda wamagawidwe omwe alipo pa OpenBuildService. Timayang'ana bokosilo ndikuwonjezedwa ku dongosolo lomanga. Chifukwa chake, kuwonjezera mtundu watsopano wagawidwe kumachitika pafupifupi kudina kumodzi.
Muzomangamanga zathu, pogwiritsa ntchito OpenBuildService, mitundu yonse ya mapaketi a KMP a module ya veeamsnap kernel ya magawo a SUSE amasonkhanitsidwa.
Chotsatira, ndikufuna kukhala pazambiri za ma module a kernel.
kernel ABI
Ma module a Linux kernel akhala akugawidwa m'mawonekedwe ake. Chowonadi ndi chakuti omwe amapanga kernel sadzilemetsa okha ndi nkhawa yothandizira API yokhazikika ya ma modules a kernel, makamaka pa mlingo wa binary, womwe umatchedwanso kABI.
Kuti mupange gawo la kernel ya vanila, mufunikiradi mitu ya kernel iyi, ndipo idzagwira ntchito pa kernel iyi.
DKMS imakupatsani mwayi wopanga ma module mukamakonza kernel. Zotsatira zake, ogwiritsa ntchito nkhokwe ya Debian (ndi achibale ake ambiri) amagwiritsa ntchito ma module a kernel mwina kuchokera kumalo osungira kapena opangidwa kuchokera kugwero pogwiritsa ntchito DKMS.
Komabe, izi sizikugwirizana kwenikweni ndi gawo la Enterprise. Ogawa ma code eni eni akufuna kugawa malondawo ngati ma binaries ophatikizidwa.
Olamulira sakufuna kusunga zida zachitukuko pa maseva opanga pazifukwa zachitetezo. Ogawa ma Enterprise Linux monga Red Hat ndi SUSE adaganiza kuti atha kuthandizira kABI yokhazikika kwa ogwiritsa ntchito. Zotsatira zake zinali phukusi la KMOD la Red Hat ndi KMP phukusi la SUSE.
Chofunikira cha yankho ili ndi chosavuta. Pa mtundu wina wagawidwe, kernel API ndiyoyimitsidwa. Wogawayo akunena kuti amagwiritsa ntchito kernel, mwachitsanzo, 3.10, ndipo amangokonza ndi kukonza zomwe sizimakhudza mawonekedwe a kernel, ndipo ma modules omwe amasonkhanitsidwa pa kernel yoyamba angagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa onse otsatila popanda kubweza.
Red Hat imanena kuti kABI imagwirizana kuti igawidwe m'moyo wake wonse. Ndiko kuti, gawo lophatikizidwa la rhel 6.0 (kutulutsidwa kwa Novembala 2010) liyeneranso kugwira ntchito pa mtundu 6.10 (kutulutsidwa kwa June 2018). Ndipo izi ndi pafupifupi zaka 8. Mwachibadwa, ntchitoyi ndi yovuta kwambiri.
Talemba zochitika zingapo pomwe gawo la veeamsnap linasiya kugwira ntchito chifukwa cha zovuta za kABI.
Pambuyo pa gawo la veeamsnap, lomwe linapangidwira RHEL 7.0, linakhala losagwirizana ndi kernel kuchokera ku RHEL 7.5, koma idadzaza ndikutsimikiziridwa kuti idzasokoneza seva, tinasiya kugwiritsa ntchito kABI kugwirizanitsa kwa RHEL 7 palimodzi.
Pakadali pano, phukusi la KMOD la RHEL 7 lili ndi msonkhano wamtundu uliwonse womasulidwa ndi script yomwe imanyamula gawoli.
SUSE adayandikira ntchito yolumikizana ndi kABI mosamala kwambiri. Amapereka kuyanjana kwa kABI mkati mwa paketi imodzi yautumiki.
Mwachitsanzo, kutulutsidwa kwa SLES 12 kunachitika mu September 2014. Ndipo SLES 12 SP1 inali kale mu December 2015, ndiko kuti, patatha chaka chimodzi. Ngakhale zotulutsa zonse zimagwiritsa ntchito 3.12 kernel, ndizosagwirizana ndi kABI. Mwachiwonekere, kusunga kuyanjana kwa kABI kwa chaka chimodzi ndikosavuta. Kuzungulira kwa kernel module yapachaka sikuyenera kuyambitsa zovuta kwa omwe amapanga ma module.
Chifukwa cha ndondomeko ya SUSE iyi, sitinajambule vuto limodzi logwirizana ndi kABI mu module yathu ya veeamsnap. Zowona, kuchuluka kwa phukusi la SUSE kuli pafupifupi kuyitanitsa kwakukulu.
Zigamba ndi ma backports
Ngakhale ogawa amayesa kuwonetsetsa kuti kABI imagwirizana komanso kukhazikika kwa kernel, amayesanso kukonza magwiridwe antchito ndikuchotsa zolakwika za kernel yokhazikika iyi.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kuwonjezera pa "ntchito zawo pa zolakwika," opanga makampani a Linux kernel amayang'anira kusintha kwa vanila kernel ndikuwasamutsira ku "khola" yawo.
Nthawi zina izi zimabweretsa zatsopano .
Pakutulutsidwa kwaposachedwa kwa Red Hat 6, cholakwika chinapangidwa mu chimodzi mwazosintha zazing'ono. Zinapangitsa kuti gawo la veeamsnap litsimikizidwe kuti liwononge dongosolo pamene chithunzicho chinatulutsidwa. Titafanizira magwero a kernel zisanachitike komanso zitasintha, tidapeza kuti kubweza komwe kunali chifukwa chake. Kukonzekera kofananako kudapangidwa mu mtundu wa vanila kernel 4.19. Kungoti kukonza uku kunagwira ntchito bwino mu kernel ya vanila, koma posamutsira ku "khola" 2.6.32, vuto linayamba ndi spinlock.
Inde, aliyense nthawi zonse amakhala ndi zolakwika, koma kodi kunali koyenera kukokera code kuchokera ku 4.19 mpaka 2.6.32, kuika pangozi bata?.. Sindikudziwa ...
Choyipa kwambiri ndi pamene malonda amalowa nawo mkangano pakati pa "kukhazikika" ndi "masiku ano." Dipatimenti yogulitsa malonda imafunikira maziko a kugawa kosinthidwa kuti akhale okhazikika, kumbali imodzi, ndipo nthawi yomweyo azikhala bwino pakuchita bwino ndikukhala ndi zatsopano. Izi zimabweretsa kusagwirizana kwachilendo.
Nditayesa kupanga gawo pa kernel 4.4 kuchokera ku SLES 12 SP3, ndinadabwa kupeza ntchito kuchokera ku vanila 4.8 mmenemo. Malingaliro anga, kukhazikitsidwa kwa block I / O kwa 4.4 kernel kuchokera ku SLES 12 SP3 ndikofanana kwambiri ndi 4.8 kernel kuposa kutulutsidwa koyambirira kwa khola la 4.4 lokhazikika kuchokera ku SLES12 SP2. Sindingathe kuweruza kuchuluka kwa ma code omwe adasamutsidwa kuchokera ku kernel 4.8 kupita ku SLES 4.4 kwa SP3, koma sindingathe kutchula kernel mofanana 4.4 khola.
Chosasangalatsa kwambiri pa izi ndikuti polemba gawo lomwe lingagwire ntchito bwino pama maso osiyanasiyana, simungathenso kudalira mtundu wa kernel. Muyeneranso kuganizira kugawa. Ndibwino kuti nthawi zina mutha kutenga nawo mbali pakutanthauzira komwe kumawoneka limodzi ndi magwiridwe antchito atsopano, koma mwayiwu suwoneka nthawi zonse.
Zotsatira zake, codeyo imakulitsidwa ndi malangizo ophatikizika achilendo.
Palinso zigamba zomwe zimasintha kernel API yolembedwa.
Ndinakumana ndi kugawa 5.16 ndipo adadabwa kwambiri kuwona kuti kuyimba kwa lookup_bdev mu mtundu wa kernel wasintha mndandanda wazolowera.
Kuti ndiphatikizepo, ndidayenera kuwonjezera script ku makefile yomwe imayang'ana ngati ntchito ya lookup_bdev ili ndi chizindikiro cha chigoba.
Kusaina ma module a kernel
Koma tiyeni tibwerere ku nkhani yogawa phukusi.
Chimodzi mwazabwino za kABI yokhazikika ndikuti ma module a kernel amatha kusaina ngati fayilo ya binary. Pankhaniyi, wopanga mapulogalamuwo akhoza kutsimikiza kuti gawoli silinawonongeke mwangozi kapena kusinthidwa mwadala. Mutha kuyang'ana izi ndi lamulo la modinfo.
Kugawa kwa Red Hat ndi SUSE kumakupatsani mwayi kuti muwone siginecha ya module ndikuyiyika pokhapokha ngati satifiketi yofananirayo yalembetsedwa padongosolo. Satifiketi ndiye kiyi yapagulu yomwe gawoli limasaina. Timagawa ngati phukusi lapadera.
Vuto apa ndikuti ziphaso zitha kumangidwa mu kernel (ogawa amazigwiritsa ntchito) kapena ziyenera kulembedwa ku EFI kukumbukira kosasunthika pogwiritsa ntchito zida. mokutil. Zothandiza mokutil Mukayika satifiketi, pamafunika kuti muyambitsenso makinawo ndipo, ngakhale musanalowetse kernel ya opareshoni, imalimbikitsa woyang'anira kuti alole kutsitsa satifiketi yatsopano.
Chifukwa chake, kuwonjezera satifiketi kumafuna kuti woyang'anira thupi azitha kulowa mudongosolo. Ngati makinawo ali kwinakwake pamtambo kapena kuchipinda chakutali cha seva ndipo mwayi umangodutsa pamaneti (mwachitsanzo, kudzera pa ssh), ndiye kuti sizingatheke kuwonjezera satifiketi.
EFI pamakina enieni
Ngakhale kuti EFI yakhala ikuthandizidwa ndi pafupifupi onse opanga ma boardboard, pamene akukhazikitsa dongosolo, woyang'anira sangaganize za kufunika kwa EFI, ndipo akhoza kukhala wolumala.
Osati ma hypervisors onse amathandizira EFI. VMWare vSphere imathandizira EFI kuyambira mtundu 5.
Microsoft Hyper-V idapezanso thandizo la EFI kuyambira ndi Hyper-V ya Windows Server 2012R2.
Komabe, pakasinthidwe kokhazikika magwiridwe antchitowa amazimitsidwa pamakina a Linux, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti satifiketi siyingayikidwe.
Mu vSphere 6.5, ikani njira Boot otetezeka zotheka kokha mu mtundu wakale wa intaneti, womwe umayenda kudzera pa Flash. Web UI pa HTML-5 akadali kumbuyo.
Zogawa zoyeserera
Ndipo potsiriza, tiyeni tiganizire nkhani ya kugawa koyesera ndi kugawa popanda kuthandizidwa ndi boma. Kumbali imodzi, kugawa koteroko sikungatheke kupezeka pa ma seva a mabungwe akuluakulu. Palibe chithandizo chovomerezeka cha kugawa koteroko. Choncho, kupereka izo. Chogulitsacho sichingathandizidwe pakugawa koteroko.
Komabe, kugawa koteroko kumakhala nsanja yabwino kuyesa mayankho atsopano oyesera. Mwachitsanzo, Fedora, OpenSUSE Tumbleweed kapena Mabaibulo Osakhazikika a Debian. Iwo ali okhazikika ndithu. Nthawi zonse amakhala ndi mapulogalamu atsopano ndipo amakhala ndi kernel yatsopano. M'chaka, ntchito yoyeserayi imatha kukhala RHEL, SLES kapena Ubuntu.
Kotero ngati chinachake sichigwira ntchito pa kugawa koyesera, ichi ndi chifukwa chodziwira vutoli ndikulithetsa. Muyenera kukonzekera chifukwa izi ziwoneka posachedwa pa ma seva opanga ogwiritsa ntchito.
Mutha kuphunzira mndandanda wapano wamagawidwe ovomerezeka a mtundu wa 3.0 . Koma mndandanda weniweni wa magawo omwe katundu wathu angagwire ntchito ndi wokulirapo.
Payekha, ndinali ndi chidwi ndi kuyesa kwa Elbrus OS. Pambuyo pomaliza phukusi la veeam, katundu wathu adayikidwa ndikugwira ntchito. Ndinalemba za kuyesaku pa HabrΓ© in .
Chabwino, kuthandizira kwa magawo atsopano akupitirirabe. Tikuyembekezera kuti mtundu 4.0 utulutsidwe. Beta yatsala pang'ono kuwonekera, choncho samalani !
Source: www.habr.com