Masiku ano, pafupifupi aliyense ali ndi foni m'thumba mwake (smartphone, foni yam'manja, piritsi) yomwe imatha kupitilira pakompyuta yanu yapanyumba, yomwe simunasinthe kwa zaka zingapo, potengera magwiridwe antchito. Chida chilichonse chomwe muli nacho chimakhala ndi batri ya lithiamu polima. Tsopano funso ndilakuti: ndi wowerenga ati amene adzakumbukire ndendende pamene kusintha kosasinthika kuchokera ku "dialer" kupita ku zipangizo zambiri kunachitika?
Ndizovuta ... Muyenera kusokoneza kukumbukira kwanu, kumbukirani chaka chomwe mudagula foni yanu yoyamba "yanzeru". Kwa ine ndi kuzungulira 2008-2010. Panthawiyo, mphamvu ya batri ya lithiamu ya foni yokhazikika inali pafupifupi 700 mAh; tsopano mphamvu ya mabatire a foni ikufika ku 4 zikwi mAh.
Kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu ndi ka 6, ngakhale kuti, kunena pang'ono, kukula kwa batri kumangowonjezeka ndi 2 nthawi.
Monga ife , mayankho a lithiamu-ion a UPS akugonjetsa msika mwachangu, ali ndi maubwino angapo osatsutsika komanso (makamaka mu chipinda cha seva).
Anzanga, lero tidzayesa kumvetsetsa ndi kuyerekezera njira zothetsera chitsulo-lithiamu phosphate (LFP) ndi lithiamu-manganese (LMO) mabatire, kuphunzira ubwino ndi kuipa kwawo, ndikufanizirana wina ndi mzake malinga ndi zizindikiro zingapo. Ndiroleni ndikukumbutseni kuti mitundu yonse ya mabatire ndi ya lithiamu-ion, mabatire a lithiamu-polymer, koma amasiyana ndi mankhwala. Ngati mukufuna kupitiriza, chonde, pansi pa mphaka.
Chiyembekezo cha matekinoloje a lithiamu pakusunga mphamvu
Zomwe zikuchitika mdziko la Russia mu 2017 zinali motere.
Pogwiritsa ntchito gwero: "Lingaliro la chitukuko cha makina osungira magetsi ku Russian Federation," Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation, August 21, 2017.
Monga mukuonera, teknoloji ya lithiamu-ion panthawiyo inali patsogolo pakuyandikira teknoloji yopanga mafakitale (makamaka luso la LFP).
Kenako, tiyeni tiwone zomwe zikuchitika ku United States, kapena ndendende, taganizirani zaposachedwa kwambiri zachikalatacho:
Reference: ABBM ndi magulu amagetsi amagetsi osasunthika, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakampani opanga magetsi:
- Kusungitsa magetsi kwa ogula ofunikira makamaka ngati kusokonezedwa kwa magetsi pazosowa zanu (SN) 0,4 kV pa substation (PS).
- Monga "buffer" pagalimoto yamagwero ena.
- Kulipiritsa kusowa kwa magetsi panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito kwambiri kuti athetse magetsi opangira magetsi ndi kutumiza.
- Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu masana pamene mtengo wake uli wotsika (usiku).
Monga tikuonera, matekinoloje a Li-Ion, monga a 2016, adagwira mwamphamvu malo otsogolera ndikuwonetsa kukula kofulumira kwa mphamvu zonse (MW) ndi mphamvu (MWh).
Mu chikalata chomwecho tikhoza kuwerenga zotsatirazi:
"Matekinoloje a lithiamu-ion akuyimira zoposa 80% ya mphamvu zowonjezera ndi mphamvu zopangidwa ndi machitidwe a ABBM ku United States kumapeto kwa 2016. Mabatire a lithiamu-ion amakhala ndi kayendedwe koyendetsa bwino kwambiri komanso kutulutsa mphamvu zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa mwachangu. Kuphatikiza apo, ali ndi mphamvu zochulukirapo (kuchulukira kwamphamvu, zolemba za wolemba) komanso mafunde apamwamba, zomwe zawapangitsa kusankha ngati mabatire amagetsi osunthika ndi magalimoto amagetsi. "
Tiyeni tiyese kufanizitsa awiri lithiamu-ion batire matekinoloje kwa UPS
Tiyerekeza maselo a prismatic omangidwa pa LMO ndi LFP chemistry. Ndi matekinoloje awiriwa (omwe ali ndi zosiyana monga LMO-NMC) omwe tsopano ndi mapangidwe akuluakulu a mafakitale a magalimoto osiyanasiyana amagetsi ndi magalimoto amagetsi.
Kuyimba kwanyimbo pamabatire amagalimoto amagetsi mutha kuwerenga apaMukufunsa, zoyendetsa magetsi zikugwirizana ndi chiyani? Ndiroleni ndifotokoze: kufalikira kwachangu kwa magalimoto amagetsi ozikidwa pa matekinoloje a Li-Ion kwadutsa kale gawo la ma prototypes. Ndipo monga tikudziwira, matekinoloje onse aposachedwa amabwera kwa ife kuchokera kumadera okwera mtengo, atsopano. Mwachitsanzo, matekinoloje ambiri amagalimoto adabwera kwa ife kuchokera ku Fomula 1, matekinoloje ambiri atsopano adabwera m'miyoyo yathu kuchokera kugawo la danga, ndi zina zotero ... Choncho, m'malingaliro athu, matekinoloje a lithiamu-ion tsopano akulowa mu zothetsera mafakitale.
Tiyeni tiwone tebulo loyerekeza pakati pa opanga akuluakulu, chemistry ya batri ndi makampani oyendetsa galimoto omwe akupanga mwachangu magalimoto amagetsi (hybrids).
Tidzasankha ma cell a prismatic okha omwe amakwanira mawonekedwe kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito mu UPS. Monga mukuonera, lithiamu titanate (LTO-NMC) ndi akunja malinga ndi mphamvu yosungidwa yosungidwa. Patsala atatu opanga ma cell a prismatic oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale, makamaka mabatire a UPS.
Ndidzagwira mawu ndi kumasulira kuchokera chikalata "Moyo mkombero kuwunika kwa moyo wautali lifiyamu elekitirodi kwa magetsi galimoto mabatire- selo kwa LEAF, Tesla ndi VOLVO mabasi" (Original "Moyo mkombero kuwunika kwa moyo wautali lifiyamu elekitirodi kwa mabatire galimoto magetsi- selo kwa LEAF , Tesla ndi Volvo bus" ya Disembala 11, 2017 kuchokera ku Mats Zackrisson. Imawunika kwambiri njira zamakina zamabatire agalimoto, chikoka cha kugwedezeka ndi nyengo zogwirira ntchito, komanso kuvulaza chilengedwe. mitundu iwiri ya batri ya lithiamu-ion.
Mu kumasulira kwanga kwaulere zikuwoneka motere:
Ukadaulo wa NMC ukuwonetsa kutsika kwa chilengedwe pa kilomita imodzi kuposa ukadaulo wa LFP wokhala ndi cell yachitsulo ya anode, koma ndizovuta kuchepetsa kapena kuthetsa zolakwika. Lingaliro lalikulu ndi ili: kuchulukitsidwa kwamphamvu kwamphamvu kwa NMC kumabweretsa kulemera kocheperako ndipo motero kutsika kwamphamvu kwamagetsi.
1) Ukadaulo wa Prismatic cell LMO, wopanga , mtengo wa $400.
Kuwonekera kwa cell ya LMO
2) Prismatic cell LFP luso, wopanga , mtengo wa $160.
Kuwonekera kwa cell ya LFP
3) Poyerekeza, tiyeni tiwonjezere batire yosunga ndege yomangidwa paukadaulo wa LFP ndi yemweyo yemwe adatenga nawo gawo pachiwonetsero chochititsa chidwi. , wopanga True Blue Power.
Mawonekedwe a batri la TB44
4) Kuti tichite zinthu, tiyeni tiwonjezere batire ya UPS
Mawonekedwe a batri la UPS lachikale
Tiyeni tiyike magwero a data mu tebulo.
Monga tikuwonera, ma cell a LMO ali ndi mphamvu zochulukirapo; kutsogola kwachikale kumakhala kopatsa mphamvu kuwirikiza kawiri.
Zikuwonekeratu kwa aliyense kuti dongosolo la BMS la batri ya Li-Ion lidzawonjezera kulemera kwa yankho ili, ndiko kuti, lidzachepetsa mphamvu yeniyeni ndi pafupifupi 20 peresenti (kusiyana pakati pa kulemera kwa mabatire ndi yankho lathunthu. poganizira machitidwe a BMS, chipolopolo cha module, chowongolera kabati ya batri). Kuchuluka kwa ma jumpers, kusintha kwa batri ndi kabati ya batri kumaganiziridwa kuti ndizofanana ndi mabatire a lithiamu-ion ndi batri la batri la lead-acid.
Tsopano tiyeni tiyese kuyerekeza magawo owerengeka. Pankhaniyi, tidzavomereza kuya kwa kutsogolera ngati 70%, ndi Li-Ion ngati 90%.
Onani kuti otsika enieni mphamvu ya batire ndege ndi chifukwa chakuti batire palokha (omwe tingaone ngati gawo) ali m'kati zitsulo chotchinga moto casing, ali zolumikizira ndi Kutentha dongosolo ntchito mu otsika kutentha. Poyerekeza, kuwerengera kumaperekedwa kwa selo limodzi mu batri ya TB44, yomwe tingathe kunena kuti zizindikirozo ndi zofanana ndi selo wamba LFP. Kuonjezera apo, batire ya ndegeyo imapangidwa kuti ikhale yothamanga kwambiri / yotulutsa mafunde, yomwe imagwirizanitsidwa ndi kufunikira kokonzekera ndege kuti ipite ndege yatsopano pamtunda komanso kutulutsa kwakukulu kwachangu pakachitika ngozi mwadzidzidzi, mwachitsanzo, kutaya mphamvu pa bolodi
Mwa njira, ndi momwe wopanga yekha amafananizira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabatire a ndege
Monga tikuonera pa matebulo:
1) Mphamvu ya kabati ya batri pankhani yaukadaulo wa LMO ndiyokwera kwambiri.
2) Chiwerengero cha ma batire a LFP ndichokwera.
3) Kukoka kwapadera kwa LFP ndikochepa; motero, ndi mphamvu yomweyo, kabati ya batri yotengera ukadaulo wa iron-lithium phosphate ndi yayikulu.
4) Ukadaulo wa LFP sumakonda kuthawa kutentha, chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala. Chifukwa chake, amaonedwa kuti ndi otetezeka.
Kwa iwo omwe akufuna kumvetsetsa bwino momwe mabatire a lithiamu-ion angaphatikizidwe kukhala gulu la batri kuti agwire ntchito ndi UPS, ndikupangira kuti muwone apa.Mwachitsanzo, chithunzi ichi. Pankhaniyi, kulemera ukonde wa mabatire adzakhala 340 makilogalamu, mphamvu adzakhala 100 ampere-maola.
Kapena dera la LFP 160S2P, pomwe ukonde wa mabatire udzakhala 512 kg ndipo mphamvu yake idzakhala 200 ampere-maola.
POMALIZA: Ngakhale kuti mabatire omwe ali ndi chemistry ya iron-lithium phosphate (LiFeO4, LFP) amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamagalimoto amagetsi, mawonekedwe awo ali ndi maubwino angapo kuposa LMO chemical formula, amalola kulipiritsa pakali pano, ndipo satengeka pang'ono. pachiwopsezo cha kuthawa kwamafuta. Ndi mabatire amtundu wanji omwe angasankhe amakhalabe pamalingaliro a wopereka njira yophatikizira yopangidwa mokonzeka, yemwe amasankha izi molingana ndi njira zingapo, ndipo chocheperako ndi mtengo wa batri monga gawo la UPS. Pakali pano, mtundu uliwonse wa mabatire lifiyamu-ion akadali otsika mtengo njira zothetsera chakale, koma mkulu yeniyeni mphamvu ya mabatire lifiyamu pa unit misa ndi miyeso ang'onoang'ono adzakhala mochulukira kusankha kwa zipangizo zatsopano yosungirako mphamvu. Nthawi zina, kulemera kotsika kwa UPS kumatsimikizira kusankha kwaukadaulo watsopano. Njirayi idzachitika mosadziwikiratu, ndipo pakali pano ikulepheretsedwa ndi kukwera mtengo kwa mtengo wotsika mtengo (zothetsera zapakhomo) ndi inertia ya kuganiza za chitetezo chamoto cha lithiamu pakati pa makasitomala omwe akufunafuna njira zabwino kwambiri za UPS mu UPS ya mafakitale. gawo ndi mphamvu zoposa 100 kVA. Mphamvu yapakati pa gawo la UPS kuchokera ku 3 kVA mpaka 100 kVA ikhoza kukhazikitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje a lithiamu-ion, koma chifukwa chopanga pang'onopang'ono, ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri komanso otsika poyerekeza ndi mitundu yopangidwa kale ya UPS pogwiritsa ntchito mabatire a VRLA.
Mutha kudziwa zambiri ndikukambirana yankho lenileni pogwiritsa ntchito mabatire a lithiamu-ion pachipinda chanu cha seva kapena pakati pa data potumiza pempho ndi imelo. , kapena popanga pempho patsamba la kampaniyo .
OPEN TECHNOLOGIES - mayankho odalirika ochokera kwa atsogoleri adziko lonse, osinthidwa kuti agwirizane ndi zolinga zanu ndi zolinga zanu.
Author: Kulikov Oleg
Mtsogoleri Wopanga Zopanga
Integration Solutions department
Kampani ya Open Technologies
Source: www.habr.com