🥇NJIA YA MALO: Kuwunika kwaumunthu

Ziiiiiiiiii! Nthawi ndi 3am, mukulota maloto odabwitsa, ndipo mwadzidzidzi, foni. Muli pa ntchito sabata ino, ndipo zikuwoneka kuti pali chinachake. Makinawa akukuitanani kuti mufufuze. Ili ndi gawo lofunikira pakuwongolera makina amakono apakompyuta, koma tiyeni tiwone momwe tingapangire zidziwitso kukhala zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito.

Dziwani nzeru zowunikira zomwe zidabadwa pazaka makumi angapo za nthawi yanga pamagulu osiyanasiyana owunikira. Zinakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi Baibulo lodalirika la Rob Ewaschuk. Mafilosofi Anga pa Kuchenjeza (My Notification Philosophy) yophatikizidwa m'buku la Google SRE, ndi buku la John Alspaugh Malingaliro pa Alert Design (Zolemba pakukhazikitsa zidziwitso).

Kelly Dunn, Arijit Mukherjee и Maxim Petazzoni - Zikomo chifukwa chothandizira kukonza positi.

Kodi CASE ndi chiyani?

Ndinaganiza zobwera ndi chidule chokongola, monga Brendan Gregg's USE njira kapena Njira ya Tom Wilkie REDIne ndimazitcha izo CASE njiraAkufotokoza mfundo zinayi zofunika kuziganizira mukamagwira ntchito ndi automated monitoring:

Cpamutu-wolemera (zomangamanga)
Achotheka (mtengo wothandiza)
Smotengera zizindikiro (kutsindika pa zizindikiro)
Ekuyesedwa (giredi)

Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito CASE, mumachita zidziwitso mosalabadira komanso osadzutsa anthu usiku. Kuyang'anira kuyenera kuwunikidwa pafupipafupi kuti muwone ngati ndi yothandiza komanso yothandiza. Anthu akalandira zidziwitso, amakhala ndi malingaliro abwinoko komanso chidaliro chokulirapo.

Kuti zikhale zosavuta kukumbukira, yerekezani kuti mukufunikira MFUNDO [ndiko kuti, mlandu, chifukwa - chidziwitso cha womasulira] kulungamitsa chenjezo lililonse. :magalasi:

Ndipo chifukwa chiyani zonsezi?

Kukhala pa ntchito kungakhale chizunzoPazifukwa zambiri. Ndipo CASE sidzawachotsa onse. Koma ndi izo, mumadzuka usiku kuti muzidziwitsidwa bwino. Njirayi imaphatikizapo njira zosiyanasiyana zamagulu zomwe zingathandizenso izi.

Kukongola kwa njira za RED ndi USE ndikuti sizimangothandiza kumvetsetsa momwe tingagwiritsire ntchito, komanso zimatithandiza kulankhula chinenero chimodzi. Ndikuyembekeza kuti njira ya CASE idzapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kukambirana machenjezo omwe amateteza machitidwe athu koma amazunza anzathu.

Mfundo ndi kupanga chikhalidwe mkati mwa bungwe kumene zidziwitso zimachitidwa ndi mlingo wathanzi wosayanjanitsika. Zidziwitso zitha kupangidwa pazifukwa zinazake, koma palibe chitsimikizo kuti sizidzataya mtengo wake pambuyo pake. Chifukwa chiyani takhazikitsa chidziwitsochi? Kodi mfundo zake zawunikidwa posachedwa? CASE akhoza kuyankha mafunso awa.

Context-Heavy - kumangiriza ku nkhani

3 koloko m'mawa si nthawi yabwino yowerengera mauthenga odzaza ndi mawu. Kuti muyankhe mogwira mtima, muyenera kudziwa zambiri. Momwemo, chidziwitsochi chiyenera kukhala chokhudza nkhani inayake, ndi nkhani zaposachedwa, ndipo muyenera kukhazikitsa zidziwitso kuti izi zitheke. Uku ndi "kuyang'ana" ndi "kuwongolera" kuchokera Chithunzi cha OODANdikoyenera kukhala ndi nthawi yokhazikika pakukhazikitsa uku, chifukwa kusokoneza munthu nthawi zonse ndikokwera mtengo kwambiri. Tiyeni tizilemekezana.

Mavuto ali ndi magwero ambiri. Makamaka mizukwa.

Kodi mungamuthandize bwanji woyang'anira ntchito? Chinthu choyamba omwe woyang'anira ntchito amawona ndi chidziwitso, kotero amakhazikitsa malingaliro awo onse pa izo. Kenako amayang'ana malangizo ndi ma dashboards, koma kodi nthawi zonse amakhala ndi deta yokhudzana ndi chidziwitso, osati chidziwitso chokha? Olspo amalangiza "kuganiza za momwe angatanthauzire chidziwitso kapena kuyankha" (slide 29).1Chidziwitso chabwino chimaperekedwa kwa munthu yemwe ali pantchito, osati kungokhazikitsidwa motengera malire.

Nawa malingaliro amomwe mungasinthire nkhani zazidziwitso:

Onetsani wogwiritsa ntchito chinthu chofunikira komanso chopangidwa ndi cholinga, osati malangizo anthawi zonse kapena bolodi. Ine ndi gulu langa tinkakonda kugwiritsa ntchito ma dashboards pofufuza, okonzedwa ndi zidziwitso zenizeni. Izi zimathandiza ngati vutoli likudziwika, koma likhoza kukhala losokoneza nthawi zina. Ndikofunikira kupeza moyenera.
Tiuzeni za mbiri ya zidziwitso: kodi ndi zatsopano? Kodi imayamba pafupipafupi? Ndi nyengo?
Onetsani zosintha zaposachedwa m'dongosolo ladongosolo. Kodi pali china chake chasintha posachedwa? (Mwachitsanzo, kutumizira kapena kuyatsa/kulepheretsa magwiridwe antchito.)
Onetsani maubwenzi ndikupereka chidziwitso chachitsanzo chamalingaliro: Kudalira kwadongosolo kuyenera kuwonekera bwino, makamaka ndi magwiridwe antchito omwe awonetsedwa.
Lumikizani mwachangu wogwiritsa ntchito ndi gulu: kodi amatha kuwona zomwe zikuchitika kapena kudziwa kuti ndani winanso pakampaniyo walandira zidziwitso? kasamalidwe ka zochitika adamulowetsa?

Momwemonso, pulogalamu yoyang'anira zochitika imapereka upangiri wamomwe mungasinthire zidziwitso pakufufuza zochitika. Nthawi zonse pali malo oti muwongolere!

Zotheka - phindu lothandizira

Kodi wogwira ntchitoyo ayankhe pazidziwitso? Ngati palibe chomwe chikufunika, kapena sizikudziwika choti achite, chifukwa chiyani adadzutsidwa? Ndikofunikira kupewa zidziwitso zozunza oyang'anira ntchito ndipo sizikufunika kuchitapo kanthu.

Onani positi pa imgur.com

Kodi nditani? Ndikufuna chiyani?

M'mbuyomu, pamene machitidwe anali osavuta ndipo magulu anali ang'onoang'ono, tinkakhazikitsa zowunikira kuti tidziwe. Chidziwitso chokhudza kukula kwa muluwu chingatipatse nkhani ngati ntchitoyo italephereka. Pamlingo waukulu, zidziwitso zotere zitha kutisokoneza, chifukwa machitidwe athu nthawi zonse amagwira ntchito mosiyanasiyana pakuwonongeka. Izi zimatsogolera mwachangu zidziwitso kutopa Ndipo, ndithudi, kuti deensitization. Chifukwa chake, woyang'anira ntchito amanyalanyaza kapena kusefa zidziwitso zotere ndipo nthawi zonse sayankha momwe amayembekezera. Osagwera mumsampha uwu! Osakhazikitsa zidziwitso zonse ndikuzitumiza ku foda ya imelo yomwe Mulungu wasiya.

Izi ndi momwe zidziwitso zamtengo wapatali zimawonekera:

Chidziwitso chimafunika kuchitapo kanthu, osati kungopereka nkhani.
Izi ndizovuta kapena zowopsa kuzipanga zokha. Ngati ikhoza kukhala yokhayokha, pitirirani ndikuisintha yokha. Lekani kuzunza anthu!
Chidziwitsocho chili ndi malingaliro ofulumira mu mawonekedwe a mapangano a mlingo wa utumiki (SLA) kapena chandamale kuchira nthawi (RTO). Wogwira ntchitoyo amatha kuyambitsa pulogalamu yoyang'anira zochitika za bungwe.

Ndiloleni ndifotokozere bwino: Sindikunena kuti zidziwitso zizitumizidwa ku ma SLO ofunika kwambiri (zolinga zapantchito) za ma API. Kuwunika kwa SLO kumagawika nthawi zonse ndikugawikana, zomwe zimafuna njira yosasinthika pazantchito zonse. Zikuwonekeratu kuti mukuyang'anira ma SLO ofunika kwambiri kwa makasitomala omwe amakulipirani. Koma ma SLO a zomangamanga, monga ma database, amafunikanso kuyang'aniridwa. Posachedwa, muyenera kuyang'anira ndikuthandizira makasitomala anu amkati. Ndi zina zotero, ad infinitum.

Kutengera zizindikiro - kuyang'ana kwambiri pazizindikiro

Mumakonda kapena ayi, mukugwira ntchito yogawa (Kavage)2Zotsatira zake, mumagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana kuti mulekanitse mautumiki ndikuwateteza ku zolephera (Traynor et al.)3. Ndipo ngakhale kusonkhanitsa zinyalala kwanthawi yayitali kapena kufufuzidwa kwakanthawi kochepa kumawonetsa zovuta, palibe chifukwa chothamangira kuzikonza ngati ogwiritsa ntchito sakumana ndi zovuta posachedwa.

Izi ndizizindikiro zofunika, ndipo zitha kukhala zothandiza, koma ngati sizisokoneza ogwiritsa ntchito, sizili zofulumira kuti zitha kusokoneza. Zidziwitso zozikidwa pazifukwa ndi chithunzithunzi cha kulephera kwathu kwadongosolo. Ndi bwino kutsata zizindikiro zofunika m'malo mongolemba chilichonse chomwe chingalepheretse.

Kuti zidziwitso zitheke, yang'anani kwambiri zizindikiro za ntchito, zofunika kwa ogwiritsa ntchito. Evashchuk amatcha izi "kuwunika kwa ogwiritsa ntchito." Kumbukirani kuti filosofi iyi iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pagulu lonse. Ngati ntchito kwinakwake mkati mwazomangamanga ikukumana ndi zovuta, gulu loyenera lizithana nazo. Kuteteza machitidwe ku zolephera zotere ndi nkhani yosiyana kotheratu (Trainer et al., Gawo la njira zochepetsera kudalira kwambiri).3.

Zizindikiro sizimasinthasintha

Richard Cook akutikumbutsa kuti machitidwe ovuta ali odzaza ndi zolakwika, zofooka ndi mavuto.4Kuyesera kulemba zonse zomwe zingatheke ndi ntchito ya Sisyphean. Mukuyesera kufotokoza mavuto, koma akusintha nthawi zonse. Cindy Sridharan amakhulupirira kuti "machitidwe sayenera kukhala abwino sekondi iliyonse" ndikuti ndi bwino kutengera njira yamunthu ("Distributed Systems Observability" (Distributed Systems Monitoring, 7)5.

Pewani zidziwitso zachitika posachedwa

Nthawi zambiri, zochitika zimathetsedwa pokhazikitsa zidziwitso potengera zomwe zidayambitsa. Zidziwitso zochepa izi zokhudzana ndi zomwe zidachitikazo zimapanga lingaliro labodza lachitetezo, popeza dongosololi limabwera ndi njira zatsopano zowonongera.

Osapusitsidwa ndi zidziwitso za zifukwa. M'malo mwake, ganizirani za:

Chifukwa chiyani zidziwitso zochokera kuzizindikiro sizinazindikire vuto?
Kodi zingakhale zothandiza kukonza nkhani za wogwiritsa ntchito?
Kodi zida zowunikira zingawongoleredwe bwanji kuti athe kuzindikira mwachangu m'malo mosonkhanitsa zidziwitso za zochitika?

Zida zowunikira zowunikira zidzangothandiza ngati mukuziwona ngati njira yosunthira kuchoka ku chizindikiro kupita ku yankho. Popanda mayankho awa, mudzangodzazidwa ndi zidziwitso zochedwa komanso zithunzi za zolephera zam'mbuyomu, ndipo palibe zamtsogolo. Uwu ndi mwayi waukulu kuti bungwe lisinthe kuchoka ku chitetezo kupita ku chiwonongeko. Ndipo opanga ndi oyang'anira malonda adzakhala ndi ziyembekezo zofanana ndi zolinga zomveka. CASE (:wink:) pazidziwitso zilizonse ndi zomveka.

Zidziwitso zozikidwa pazifukwa zimaloledwa pang'ono

Nthawi zina makina athu amatisiya tili ndi mwayi wosankha momwe tingatulutsire zidziwitso potengera zomwe zidayambitsa. Nthawi zina, ogwira ntchito pa foni amamvetsetsa bwino kuti chizindikirocho chingayambitse kulephera, motero chimakhala ndi phindu. Mwina simukutsimikiza zomwe zikuchitika ndipo mukukhazikitsa zidziwitso kuti mukhale otetezeka. Tikukhulupirira, izi ndi zakanthawi mpaka titha kusintha makina kuti tithane ndi kuwonongeka kwa magwiridwe antchito.
Kumbukirani zigawo zina za CASE pochita zinthu ngati izi. Kungoti ndi zakanthawi sizitanthauza kuti mutha kusiya kuganiza.

Kuwunikiridwa - kuwunika

Kusintha kulikonse mudongosolo (code yatsopano, zomangamanga zatsopano, chilichonse chatsopano) kumakulitsa zolephera (Cook, 3).4 Kodi chidziwitsochi chikugwirabe ntchito monga momwe timayembekezera? Zowoneka bwino komanso zamakono zamakina amachitidwe ndi chidziwitso choyankha zidziwitso zina zothandizira njira yodzitetezera - izi ndi zofunika kwambiri bungwe lokhala ndi maphunziroZowonongeka m'madongosolo zimasintha nthawi zonse, ndipo tiyenera kupitiriza nazo.

Ndikofunikira kumawunika mosalekeza mtundu wa zidziwitso zilizonse kuti muwonetsetse kuti zikugwira ntchito momwe timayembekezera. Atsogoleri! Magulu anu adzapindula kwambiri ndi chithandizo chanu pakuwongolera njirayi! Nawa malingaliro owunikira:

Gwiritsani ntchito chisokonezo engineering, masiku amasewera kapena njira zina zoyesera zidziwitso. Gulu litha kuchita izi lokha, popanda kufunikira kwa dongosolo lovuta lowongolera zochitika!
Phatikizani zosonkhanitsira zidziwitso zonse zokhudzana ndi zochitika mu pulogalamu yanu yoyang'anira zochitika. Chongani zomwe zili zothandiza, zovulaza, zosayenera, zosadziwika bwino, ndi zina zotero, ndipo zigwiritseni ntchito ngati ndemanga.
Zidziwitso zabwino zimayambitsidwa pafupipafupi ndipo zimayesedwa bwino. Onetsetsani kuti maulalo onse akugwira ntchito, perekani zolondola, ndi zina.
Ngati chidziwitso sichiyambitsa kapena kuyambitsa nthawi zambiri, pali china chake cholakwika. Konzani kapena kufufuta. Chenjerani ndikukhala chete kapena kuchita zambiri!
Konzani zidziwitso ndi masitampu otha ntchito. Ngati tsiku lotha ntchito ladutsa, yesani zidziwitsozo pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya CASE ndikusintha chidindo chanthawi. Yang'anani masiku otha ntchito nthawi zonse, monga momwe mumachitira ndi chakudya.
Yang'anirani njira yowongola zidziwitso. Gwiritsani ntchito kuwunika ngati ma code ndi zidziwitso za sitolo munkhokwe ya Git. Kukoka zopempha kumathandizira kugwirizanitsa gulu, ndipo mudzakhala ndi mbiri yazidziwitso zakale. Ndipo simudzawopanso kusintha zidziwitso kapena kupempha chilolezo kwa omwe ali ndi udindo wawo.
Perekani ndemanga pazidziwitso, ngakhale zili choncho Google FomuKuti muwonetsetse kuti ogwira ntchito akuwonetsa zidziwitso ngati zopanda ntchito kapena zosokoneza, sungani ulalo kapena kuyitana kuti achitepo kanthu pazidziwitsozo ndikuwunikanso mayankho pafupipafupi.
Khazikitsani lamulo mu gulu lanu: aloleni omwe ali pantchito agwire ntchito yofewetsa mashifiti awo ngati ntchito ili yopepuka. Lolani kuti chilichonse chikhale bwino mukatha kulanda.

Pomaliza

Ndikukhulupirira kuti njira ya CASE imathandiza omanga ndi mabungwe kukambirana za kukhazikitsa ndi kutumiza zidziwitso zokha. Wopanga mapulogalamu m'modzi atha kuyamba kuwunika zidziwitso pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya CASE, kenako bungwe lonse, kuphatikiza opanga ena, oyang'anira, ndi mapulogalamu owongolera zochitika, atha kulowa nawo kuti zidziwitso zikhale bwino. Izi sizifuna zida zapadera kapena njira zovuta.

Makampani onse amayenera kuganizira zamunthu panthawi yoyimbira foni popanda kusokoneza ntchito yamakasitomala oyamba. Zida ndi machitidwe onsewa akhoza ndipo ayenera kuwongolera. Ndikukhulupirira kuti njira ya CASE ithandiza pankhaniyi.

Sangalalani ndi zidziwitso zowongoleredwa!