- Wokondedwa, ndalandira kalata kuchokera ku Google Cupid dzulo. Akunena kuti ndikusudzulani ndi kukwatiwa ndi mwamuna wina. Malinga ndi kusanthula kwanga ndi chibangili chanu cha "Amorous", mbiri ya kuyendera tsamba la webusayiti, kulemberana makalata m'mamithenga apompopompo, kuyanjana kwathu kudatsikira pansi pa makumi atatu ndi chimodzi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti aliyense wa ife amalandira zosachepera zomwe zimafunikira za malingaliro abwino kuchokera muukwati wathu.
- Ndipo mwamuna wanu watsopano adzakhala ndani? - m'mawu a mwamunayo, mosayembekezereka ngakhale kwa iye, munthu amatha kuzindikira zolemba za nsanje.
Mayiyo adapereka foni yake mwakachetechete.
- Ndiye…. Ndalama zapachaka: $230, amakhala ku Oklahoma. Kodi mwakumana naye?
- Ayi, wokondedwa. Ndinaganiza zomuimbira foni nditakambilana nawe. Muti chiyani?
- Zili ndi inu.
- Chabwino, mukudziwa. Google siyolakwika. Kuwonjezera 15% kuchotsera msonkho pachaka kwa inu ndi ine. Mfundo khumi zabwino za chikhalidwe chathu. Iyi ndi njira yabwino, malonda abwino. Ukwati wathu uli kale ndi zaka 12 ndipo palibe amene angatipatse mtengo wabwinopo.
- Inde, wokondedwa. Iyi ndi njira yabwino ...
Inde, izi siziri zenizeni. Ndizosangalatsa. Koma zongoyerekeza kwambiri. Mchitidwe wochulukirachulukira wa chisonkhezero cha intaneti pa anthu ukuwonekera kale ngakhale kwa akhungu ndi ogontha.
Kuwongolera chidziwitso cha anthu kuti muwonjezere malonda a zinthu zina komanso kusankha pulezidenti wofunidwa wa dziko (!) wakhala kale ZOONA! Kasamalidwe ka zikalata zamagetsi, kugula pa intaneti, kucheza ndi anthu padziko lonse lapansi - izi sizilinso zenizeni, koma zochitika zatsiku ndi tsiku, zodziwika bwino kuposa mapemphero a Lachisanu kwa Asilamu ndi Lamlungu kupita kutchalitchi kwa Akhristu. Gawo lina kapena ziwiri, zaka zisanu mpaka khumi, ndipo osazindikira, ife tokha tidzakhala ogonjera kwathunthu ku Network, yomwe ili pamwamba pake.
Kodi ili ndi tsogolo lomwe mukufuna? Ndikuvomereza, zidzakhala bwino kwambiri poyamba. Koma ichi ndi chitonthozo cha chule mumtsuko wamadzi, womwe umayima pamoto. Poyamba ndi zabwino, koma ndiye mulibe mphamvu kudumpha popanda kuphika.
Ngati chizoloŵezi chofuna kudzaza moyo wathu ndi intaneti chikupitirizabe, ndiye kuti tinganene moyenerera kuti: “Aliyense yemwe ali ndi Intaneti ndiye mwini wa dziko.” Koma kwenikweni, ndani yemwe ali ndi intaneti? Kapena mukuganiza kuti dziko lenilenili ndi lopanda mwini wake, ndiye kuti, ndi la aliyense? Ndikutsimikiza kuti sindinu osadziwa.
Intaneti ndi ya aliyense, monganso Antarctica ndi ya aliyense. Pafupifupi Mpapua wochokera ku Guinea Bissau akhoza kubwera kumeneko momasuka. Koma kwenikweni, kontinenti yachisanu ndi chimodzi ndi ya mayiko angapo omwe angakwanitse kuwononga ndalama zambiri kukonza masiteshoni awo kumeneko.
Penepo, i ani mwine wa Entelenete, le i bika byotufwaninwe kulonga, ne i muswelo’ka otukokeja kupwija kipwilo kya bantu kujokoloka ntanda yonso? Kuti tiyankhe funsoli, choyamba tiyeni timvetsetse chimene Intaneti kwenikweni.
"Awa ndi mabiliyoni a makompyuta olumikizidwa wina ndi mzake ndi mauthenga a waya kapena opanda zingwe ndi ma routers, modem ndi mapulogalamu apadera," mukutero. Otsogola kwambiri amatha kukumbukira ma adilesi a HTTP, IPv4 ndi IP. Izi ndi zoona, koma osati kwathunthu. Mdierekezi, monga tikudziwira, ali mwatsatanetsatane.
Intaneti si netiweki, koma netiweki ya maukonde. Ndiko kuti, pali masauzande, mazana masauzande a maukonde am'deralo, omwe amagwirizanitsa gulu linalake la makompyuta omwe amasinthanitsa zidziwitso pogwiritsa ntchito router imodzi kapena zingapo. Maukonde aliwonse amderali amakhala ndi eni ake - wopereka - Internet Service Provider (ISP). Kenako, ma routers amalumikizidwa wina ndi mnzake pogwiritsa ntchito zingwe zafoni, zingwe zapadera zapaintaneti, kapena kulumikizana ndi zingwe. Zotsatira zake ndi intaneti.
Wopereka chithandizo ndi bungwe lovomerezeka lovomerezeka, kampani, kutanthauza kuti ili pansi pa akuluakulu a dziko limene likugwira ntchito. Chifukwa chake, mwa chigamulo cha akuluakulu, mutha kuchotsedwa pa intaneti mosavuta kapena kukanidwa mwayi wopeza gawo lina lazambiri zomwe zili pa intaneti. Izi zitha kukhala malo enieni kapena kutsekedwa kwapadziko lonse lapansi. Mwachitsanzo, pazovuta zosiyanasiyana zamagulu ku Iraq, Iran, Libya, ndi zina zotero. Akuluakulu a boma analamula kuti intaneti ayimitse kapena kutsekereza malo ochezera a pa Intaneti.
Kukhazikika kwa intaneti yamakono kumapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kuletsa njira yopezera chidziwitso osati ndi chisankho cha akuluakulu okha. Palinso kutha kwa chingwe chakuthupi, kuwukira kwa DDoS kapena kulephera kwamtundu wina. Tonse timakumbukira momwe Facebook, malo ena ochezera a pa Intaneti, ndi zina za intaneti zimazimitsira nthawi ndi nthawi.
Choyipa chachiwiri ndichakuti wothandizira amatha kusonkhanitsa zambiri za zomwe mumachita pa intaneti. Kupatula apo, imayang'anira rauta, yomwe imadziwa bwino IP yomwe mudagwiritsa ntchito komanso kuchokera ku IP yomwe paketi ya data idabwera kwa inu. Ndipo palibe VPN kapena Tor zomwe zingathandize. Iwo akhoza kukubisani inu kwa wowonera kunja, koma osati kwa wopereka. Adzadziwa kumene uthengawo unachokera komanso zimene zinachokera.
Palinso zophophonya zinanso zofunika kwambiri. Mwambiri, intaneti yamakono ndi chiwonetsero cha anthu amakono, okhala ndi malo ake amphamvu, olamulira amphamvu komanso, makamaka, anthu opanda mphamvu omwe chinyengo cha kufunikira kwake kumasungidwa mothandizidwa ndi media. Ndiye zili pa intaneti. Pali opereka chithandizo omwe amamvera akuluakulu. Pali makampani akuluakulu apaintaneti omwe ali ndi aluntha komanso ndalama zambiri, chifukwa chake akhala akuyang'anira zonse zomwe zili mkati ndikuwongolera malingaliro a anthu, kukakamiza zomwe amakonda. Ndipo pali ogwiritsa ntchito wamba omwe, kwenikweni, alibe ufulu uliwonse.
Chifukwa chake, tsopano intaneti ikusintha kwambiri kuchokera ku chida cholumikizirana ndikusungirako bwino chidziwitso kukhala chida chamalonda chopangira phindu ndikukhala chida chowongolera anthu.
Chisinthiko kapena chisinthiko?
Zolakwika za intaneti yamakono ndizodziwikiratu kuti, ndithudi, anthu ambiri ali ndi chikhumbo champhamvu chofuna kusintha izi. Mwachitsanzo, palibe wina koma atate wa intaneti, Tim Berners-Lee, yemwe amamvetsetsa bwino zolakwa za ubongo wake, ndipo gulu la anthu amalingaliro omwewo akupanga pulojekiti yolimba - kulengedwa kwa maukonde ogawidwa ndi cholinga cha kuwononga okha makampani akuluakulu a intaneti monga Google kapena Facebook. Mwa kugawa, wasayansi amamvetsetsa kupatsa wogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zonse pazantchito zake zonse. Ntchitoyi ikakwaniritsidwa bwino, zimphona zapaintaneti sizidzatha kusonkhanitsa zidziwitso zambiri, kuzisanthula pogwiritsa ntchito ma aligorivimu apadera, kenako kukhudza anthu onse komanso aliyense payekhapayekha.
Iyi ndi njira yachisinthiko, titero kunena kwake. Ndipo, m'malingaliro athu, ili ndi vuto lalikulu. Kuti mudziwe zambiri, tidzayenera kutembenukira ku zimphona zomwezo za intaneti. Ndipo ngati ndi choncho, n’zovuta kulingalira mmene simungawafotokozere zina zokhudza inuyo.
Kuphatikiza apo, Solid sichimathetsa vuto la kutsekereza kulandira chidziwitso ndi chisankho cha akuluakulu, kuukira kwa DDoS, ndi zina zambiri.
Ndiye mwina siziyenera kupita ku chisinthiko, koma njira yosinthira? Chiti?
Pangani makina ogwiritsira ntchito apadera (OS) momwe ogwiritsa ntchito onse ali ndi ufulu wofanana. Ndiko kuti, aliyense wa ife adzasankha zomwe za iye yekha adzapereka kwa Network ndi kwa ndani, ndipo aliyense wa ife akhoza kuvomereza kapena kupereka izi kapena izo. Ndiko kuti, kukhala wogula komanso wopereka chithandizo. Mwanjira ina, zomwe zili mkati sizisungidwa pakati, koma zimabalalika pakati pa ogwiritsa ntchito. Kusaka kwa chidziwitso chofunikira kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito tebulo la hashi, makamaka chikwatu chomwe chimalemba zomwe zasungidwa pa kompyuta. Kusunga ndi kugawira zidziwitso zofunika kwambiri, gwiritsani ntchito ukadaulo wa blockchain.
Kuti tidziwe wogwiritsa ntchito aliyense kuti asatengere zachinyengo zilizonse, tikuyenera kupanga mbiri yamunthuyo. Koma izi sizongofanana ndi siginecha ya digito. Awa ndiye maziko omwe wogwiritsa ntchito adzamanga zomanga zake kuti azilumikizana ndi intaneti. Kutengera mbiri ya digito iyi, OS idzakusankhirani zomwe zili zoyenera - zosangalatsa, zambiri, zamalonda. Ndiko kuti, si Google, kukuyang'anirani ndikusanthula zambiri za inu, zomwe zingakupangitseni mafilimu, nkhani, malonda, koma inu nokha mumasonyeza zomwe mukufuna kuwona pa kompyuta yanu. Izi sizidzaphatikizapo zenizeni zamakono, zomwe zingafotokozedwe ndi mawu akuti "anandikwatira popanda ine."
Zithunzi zam'tsogolo zapaintaneti zitha kukhala maukonde a anzawo kapena ma P2P. Makamaka, wotchuka BitTorrent. Pankhaniyi, mfundo ya kufufuza ndi kupeza zofunika zofunika kusintha kwambiri. Tsopano chirichonse chimachokera ku lingaliro lakuti fayilo inayake (zokhutira) ili pa seva inayake. Pa intaneti yomwe ikuyembekezeredwa, kuchuluka kwa hashi kwa fayilo yotereyi yomwe ilipo penapake pa netiweki. Hashi sum ndi chizindikiritso cha fayilo chapadera chowerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito algorithm inayake.
Pamenepa, ngati fayilo yasungidwa pamakompyuta angapo, kusowa kwa kulankhulana ndi mmodzi wa iwo sikudzakulepheretsani kupeza zambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, kuti mufufuze, simutembenukira ku Google kapena injini ina yosakira. Izi zikutanthauza kuti simumamupatsa chidziwitso chilichonse chokhudza inuyo.
Chitetezo cha chidziwitso chotumizidwa chimawonjezeka nthawi zambiri. Mu OS yatsopano, imelo yomweyi imatha kutumizidwa mwachindunji ku kompyuta ya wolandirayo, kudutsa ma seva a maimelo omwe amakonda kuyang'ana zomwe zili mkati. Ma messenger otchuka a Viber ndi Telegraph tsopano akugwira ntchito molingana ndi dongosololi.
Mfundo akufuna kumanga Intaneti mosavuta amatilola kuthetsa vuto la makulitsidwe ake. Tsopano kuwirikiza kwa ogwiritsa ntchito kumabweretsa kuwonjezeka komweko kwa katundu pa seva zosiyanasiyana zosunga zomwe zili. Choncho zolephera ndi wosakwiya kusamutsa deta. Ndi dongosolo latsopano lomanga intaneti, katundu pa kompyuta imodzi adzawonjezeka pang'ono, ndipo akhoza kugwa, chifukwa makompyuta onse adzakhalanso ma seva.
Mfundo yatsopano yosungiramo deta
Tinalemba pamwambapa za kusadalirika kwa intaneti chifukwa chakuti zomwe zilipo zimasungidwa pamakompyuta ochepa kwambiri (poyerekeza ndi chiwerengero chawo). Amayang'aniridwa ndi DDoS, amakhala chandamale cha obera, ndikungogwera pa intaneti chifukwa cha zovuta zaukadaulo.
OS yatsopano, yomwe ikutanthauza intaneti yokhazikika, idzakulitsa kwambiri kudalirika kwa kupeza deta. Lingaliro lotsatira losunga deta likuperekedwa:
- makompyuta ogwiritsa ntchito;
- odziyimira pawokha deta wosungira.
Kutengerapo kwa data kudzachitika pogwiritsa ntchito njira zozikidwa paukadaulo wa blockchain. Lingaliro ili:
- zidzakulolani kuti muteteze ndi kusamutsa zambiri;
- adzapereka mkulu deta kutengerapo liwiro;
- zidzakuthandizani kuti muyambe mwamsanga ntchito iliyonse yomwe imafuna kuchuluka kwa makompyuta (makompyuta ogawidwa);
- idzakhazikitsa bungwe losavuta la database yake.
Kodi kupambana?
Ndizopusa kukhulupirira kuti zimphona zapaintaneti zitha kungopereka phindu lawo la mabiliyoni ambiri. Ndiye kuchita chiyani?
Choyamba, muyenera kupanga OS. Mutha kutsata njira ya Tim Berners-Lee, yemwe adayambitsa ntchito yake Yolimba, yomwe amagwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu odzipereka. M'malingaliro athu, choyamba OS yamtsogolo iyenera kuyang'ana pazida zam'manja, ndiye kuti, kulumikizana kwa intaneti kuyenera kupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma netiweki opanda zingwe, zomwe zingachepetse kuchuluka kwa othandizira. Ndiyeno ndondomeko yaikulu ya intaneti idzakhala BGP (protocol yolowera m'malire) - ndondomeko yoyendetsera njira.
Os watsopano ayenera kukhazikitsidwa pamwamba pa zomwe zilipo (Android kapena iOS), ndiye kuti, idzakhala superstructure pa intaneti (zophimba maukonde).
Zachidziwikire, OS iyi, komanso zomwe zidzasinthidwe pakati pa omwe akuchita nawo ma network, ziyenera kukhala zaulere.
Inde, kulamulira pa intaneti kuli kolimba, pazachuma komanso mwanzeru. Koma sangathe kukana zochita za anthu mabiliyoni ambiri. Ngakhale mabungwe amphamvu sangathe kusokoneza malingaliro a chitukuko cha anthu, kuphatikizapo intaneti, monga mbali yake, yomwe imayambitsa ufulu wowonjezereka wa anthu, kuwonjezeka kwachinsinsi ndi chitetezo. Lingaliro lomwelo limapereka kukhazikitsidwa kwa kachitidwe katsopano kamene kamakhala pakati pa nyenyezi. Nyenyezi za m’Chilengedwe zimadziimira paokha. Amatulutsa kuwala ndi kuyamwa zinthu. Ndipo, nthawi yomweyo, amalumikizidwa ndi gawo limodzi lamphamvu yokoka. Ndipatseni interstellar OS!
- Wokondedwa, ndalandira kumene kalata yoseketsa kuchokera ku Google. Iwo amati tisudzulane. Monga, iwo anachita masamu ndipo anaganiza kuti sitili oyenerana wina ndi mnzake. Anapezanso munthu woti akhale mwamuna wanga watsopano.
"Iwo sangathebe kukhala chete." Tayani pepala ili mu sipamu.
-Ndikanakonda kuletsa Google. Ndatopa ndi kutsatsa kwake komanso zotsatsa zamitundu yonse.
- Zingakhale choncho. Ndinayiwala kale nthawi yomaliza yomwe ndinatsegula.
Source: www.habr.com