Ndikufuna kugawana nawo malingaliro okhudzana ndi kufunikira kapena kusafunikira kwa chinthu monga gulu lowongolera la projekiti yapaintaneti ya seva imodzi yokhala ndi woyang'anira wanthawi yochepa kwambiri. Nkhaniyi idayamba zaka zingapo zapitazo, pomwe anzanga adandifunsa kuti ndithandizire kugula bizinesi - tsamba lankhani - kuchokera pamalingaliro aukadaulo. Zinali zofunikira kufufuza pang'ono pazomwe zikugwira ntchito, kuonetsetsa kuti zonse zofunika zidasamutsidwa m'mawonekedwe oyenera ndi voliyumu, ndikuzindikira mwanzeru zomwe zingawongoleredwe.
Mgwirizanowo udatha, woyimba violini sanalinso kufunikira. TSIRIZA. Osati kwenikweni.
Tsambali lidayenda pawiri-core 4-GB VM pa Linode, pa mossy Debian5 yokhala ndi nthawi yokwanira ya masiku 400 komanso mndandanda wamaphukusi osasinthidwa. Gawo la pa intaneti pa CMS yodzilemba yokha, nginx, php5.3 FPM, mysql yokonzedwa ndi Percona. Kwenikweni, zinathandiza.
Mofanana ndi zokambirana ndi ine, mwiniwake watsopanoyo anali kufunafuna wolemba mapulogalamu kuti abweretse polojekitiyo. Zapezeka. Wopanga mapulogalamu adawunika kuchuluka kwa magalimoto ndi ma voliyumu ndipo adaganiza kuti amadziwa kukhathamiritsa komanso kuwongolera mtengo. Adasamutsa tsamba lonselo kupita ku 700-ruble yogawana nawo yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi IS****er yake yanthawi zonse. Masiku angapo pambuyo pake panali kuyimba kwinanso kuchokera kwa mwiniwake: "Chilichonse chikuchedwa ndipo zikuwoneka kuti tasweka." Ndinayesa kukonza vutoli kupyolera mu gululo, koma patapita nthawi yoyesera popanda phindu kusintha mtundu wa PHP kapena wothandizira kuchokera ku fcgi kupita ku fpm, ndinasiya ndikulowa mu chipolopolo. Kumeneko ndidapeza chowongolera chomwe chinkawala pa intaneti yonse ndi mawu achinsinsi ochokera ku minofu, 777 pamafoda ena omwe panthawiyo anali kusweka ndi pulogalamu yaumbanda komanso zamkhutu zofananira. Mwiniwakeyo anazindikira ndipo anaganiza kuti kunali kolakwika kusunga pa hosting, wolemba mapulogalamu, ndi admin yemwe amatha kuyang'anitsitsa momwe zinthu zikuyendera.
Tikupita ku RuVDS. Pafupi pang'ono kuposa British Linode, ndipo ngati mwadzidzidzi mukufuna kusunga deta yanu ndi zonsezi, simudzasowa kusuntha kwina kulikonse. Popeza kuti polojekitiyi inakonzedwa kuti ikulitsidwe, tinatenga VM kuti ikule: 4 cores, 8 gigabytes of memory, 80GB ya disk. Sikuti sindikudziwa momwe ndingakhazikitsire makina a nginx pamanja, ndinalibe chidwi chogwira ntchitoyi mwapang'onopang'ono (onani pamwambapa za nthawi yochepa). Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndinayika Plesk (apa ndisiya tsatanetsatane wa kukhazikitsa, chifukwa mokulira kulibe: Ndidayambitsa choyikira, ndikuyika mawu achinsinsi kwa admin, ndikulowetsa kiyi - ndizo zonse), panthawiyo inali 17.0. Zokonda zoyambira zimagwira ntchito bwino m'bokosilo, pali fail2ban ndi mitundu yaposachedwa ya PHP ndi nginx.
Ndikoyenera kuyimitsa ndikufotokozera chifukwa chake. Popeza sindimachita zinthu zotere nthawi zambiri, ndipo ndilibe zida zapadera kapena zokonzekera pamlandu uliwonse, zinali zoonekeratu kuti mtundu wina wazinthu zoyambira zimafunikira, kotero kuti choyamba, mwachangu, chachiwiri, motetezeka, komanso chachitatu. , njira zabwino zonse zomwe wina wakhazikitsa kale.
Kotero, ndinayiyika. Ndinasunga nthawi yambiri, kuyambitsanso tsambalo pa seva yatsopano kunali pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo. Zonse zomwe zidatsala zinali kusintha masinthidwe a minofu, ndikupatseni theka la kukumbukira ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa maiwe osungira, ndikupereka nginx theka la ma cores (Plesk sichikhudza ma configs apadziko lonse), ndipo kwa masiku angapo pitani mu chipolopolo kuti muwone. pa mysqltuner stats. Inde, ndipo ndidagula ImunifyAV yolipira kuchokera pamndandanda wazowonjezera kuti ndichotse pulogalamu yaumbanda yomwe idasefukira. Pafupifupi mafayilo 11000 omwe ali ndi kachilombo adapezeka. Chonyansa ndi chakuti zidutswa za code zobisika zinatsanuliridwa mu statics, ndipo kuyeretsa ndi manja kukanakhala kopanda pake. Poyamba ndinayesa ClamAV, koma, monga momwe zinakhalira, sizitenga zinthu zotere, koma ImunifyAV ikhoza. Kuphatikiza apo, mafayilo omwe ali ndi disinfected amakhalabe akugwira ntchito; chidutswa chomwe chili ndi pulogalamu yaumbanda chimangochotsedwa.
Masamu ndi ophweka: $ 50 pamwezi kwa VMka, $ 10 kwa Plesk (kwenikweni zochepa, chifukwa mudagula kwa chaka chimodzi ndi kuchotsera kwa miyezi iwiri) ndi $ 3 kwa antivayirasi. Kapena ndalama zambiri pa nthawi yanga, zomwe ndikanathera pa seva poyamba, ndikukweza makholawa pamanja. Mwiniwakeyo anasangalala kwambiri ndi dongosololi.
Panthawiyi, adapeza wopanga mapulogalamu atsopano. Tinagwirizana naye pa kugawa udindo, tinapanga subdomain ya test version, ndipo ntchito inayamba. Amadula tsamba latsopano pa Laravel, ndipo ndimayang'ana fail2ban%).
Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, kuyenda kwa anthu achidwi sikusiya ndipo nthawi zonse pamakhala maadiresi pafupifupi zana pa mndandanda wa oletsedwa. Zotsatira zake ndizosangalatsa: makamaka, nthawi zambiri, ndikalowa mu chipolopolo, ndikuwona pafupifupi 20000-30000 kuyesa kosatheka kulowa kudzera pa SSH pa moni. Ndi fail2ban yathandizidwa, pafupifupi 70. Khama loyikidwa: 0. Tsoka ilo, sizinali popanda dontho la mafuta. Mwachikhazikitso, WAF (modsecurity) idathandizidwa theka: munjira yotulukira. Ndiko kuti, adalemba zokayikitsa pa chipikacho, koma sanachitepo kanthu. Ndipo fail2ban adawerenga mosasankha mitengo yonse, malinga ndi ndende zomwe zidathandizidwa, ndikupha chilichonse chomwe chidasuntha. Chifukwa chake, tidaletsa theka la akonzi :D. Ndinayenera kuletsa ndendeyi, ndikuyika ma adilesi ofunikira a IP kuti ndidalitsidwe. Khama layikidwa: gwedezani mbewa kawiri ndikuphunzitsa olemba kuti akuuzeni adilesi yanu ya IP.
Zomwe wopanga mapulogalamuyo adakonda nthawi yomweyo ndikutha kuyika nkhokwe mwachindunji pagulu ndikufikira mwachangu phpMyAdmin.
Zomwe ndimakonda zinali zolemba ndi zosunga zobwezeretsera. Zipika zimalembedwa ndikuzunguliridwa kuchokera m'bokosi; Zosunga zobwezeretsera ndizosavuta kukhazikitsa. Pakanthawi kochepa kwambiri, zosunga zobwezeretsera zonse zimapangidwa, pafupifupi ma gigs 10, ndiyeno tsiku lililonse owonjezera, 200 megabytes iliyonse, kwa sabata. Kubwezeretsa ndi granular, mpaka fayilo inayake kapena database. Ngati mukufunikira kubwezeretsa kuchokera kuzinthu zowonjezera, ndiye kuti simukusowa kudandaula poyamba ndi kudzaza ndi kubwezeretsa kwa unyolo wonse, Plesk amachita zonse zokha. Mutha kukweza zosunga zobwezeretsera kulikonse: ku FTP, dropbox, s3 ndowa, google drive, etc.
Tsiku F: Wopanga mapulogalamu pomaliza adamaliza injini yatsopanoyo, tidayiyika pakupanga, kutulutsa deta yakale ndikukhala pansi kuti tisankhe mtundu wa Maserati wathu wamtsogolo. Tikukhalabe ndikusankha.
Mavuto oyambirira anayamba. Malo atsopanowa ankayembekezeredwa kuti ndi olemera kuposa akale, koma chowotcha chenicheni chinali chokopa anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito, mwa zina, Yandex.Zen, yomwe inabweretsa alendo ambiri. Tsambali linawonongeka ndi 150 kugwirizana panthawi imodzi (sindikunena za RPS, chifukwa iwo sanayese). Tinayamba kubala mabatani ndi kutembenuza ma knobs m'malo a php_fpm:
Hei, ali kale ndi zolumikizira 500. Pamene makhadi anawonjezeredwa ku njira zotsatsira malonda, mafunde a magalimoto anakula. Chotsatira chotsatira ndi 1000 kulumikizana munthawi imodzi. Apa tinayenera kukonzanso kachidindo ndikuyang'ana mu moyo wa minofu. Kuwazako sikunathandize, koma sitinayembekezere. Tinathandizira zolemba zapang'onopang'ono, kuwonjezera ma index ku nkhokwe, kuchotsa mafunso osafunikira pa code, ndikuyeretsanso mysql config malinga ndi malangizo a mysqltuner.
Vuto latsopano - 2000 kulumikizana. Mtundu wa Plesk 17.8 unangotulutsidwa kumene, momwe, mwa zina, caching ya nginx idawonjezedwa. Zasinthidwa (zosavuta modabwitsa). Tiyeni tiyese. Ntchito! Kenako adaponda kumbali yofewa, chakudya cha Yandex.Zen chinasiya kugwira ntchito. Tsambali likugwira ntchito, chakudya sichikugwira ntchito. Chakudya sichigwira ntchito, palibe magalimoto. Mpweya ukutentha. Pokakamizidwa ndi zochitika komanso chifukwa chosowa malingaliro, nthawi yomweyo ndinapita ku strace ndi nginx ndikupeza zomwe ndinkafuna. Zinapezeka kuti nthawi ina yopusa nginx idasunga cholakwika cha 500th chosokera ngati kuyankha ku Yandex kupeza feed.xml. Konzani powonjezera zopatula pazokonda posungira:
Zikuwonekeratu kuti mwiniwake amafunikira ZAMBIRI, mafunde akuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono. Tikulimbana pano, koma tidayamba kuyesa memcached pasadakhale, mwamwayi Laravel amathandizira pafupifupi kutuluka m'bokosi. Sindinkafuna kuyika memcached pamanja kuti "ndisewere", kotero ndidayika chithunzi cha docker. Molunjika pa gulu.
Chabwino, ndikunama, ndimayenera kulowa mu chipolopolo ndikuyika gawolo kudzera pa pecl. Pomwepo . Palibe zonena zokhuza kuchulukirachulukirabe; sipanakhale kuchulukira kwakukulu kokwanira. Injini ya webusayiti imalumikizidwa ndi localhost: 11211, ziwerengero zikuwonetsedwa, kukumbukira kudyedwa. Ngati mukufuna, tiwona zomwe tingachite. Mwina tidzasiya mwanjira imeneyo, kapena tiyika "weniweni" mu Axis. Kapena tiyeni tiyeserenso chimodzimodzi
Ndiye kunali koyenera kulumikiza mndandanda wamakalata. Palibe ma relay, kutsimikizika kwa smtp kokha. Ndimapanga adilesi yamakalata ndikugwiritsa ntchito zambiri zake kutumiza kalata yamakalata kudzera pa PHP.
Osati kale kwambiri Plesk Obsidian (18.0) adatulutsidwa, tidasinthidwa kutengera zomwe zidachitika kale popanda mantha. Chilichonse chinayenda bwino kwambiri, palibe ngakhale choyankhula. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti mawonekedwe a mawonekedwewo ayenda bwino kwambiri, akhala amakono komanso osavuta m'malo ena. Zinthu Zabwino Kwambiri Kuwunika pa Grafana.
Sindinachitepo mwatsatanetsatane, koma mutha, mwachitsanzo, kukhazikitsa zidziwitso zamtundu uliwonse mu imelo yanu. Kwa mwiniwake, lol.
Pamene ndikulankhula za mawonekedwe, ndi omvera ndipo amagwira ntchito bwino pa foni. M'magawo oyambilira, pomwe timayesa kupeza makonzedwe abwino a PHP ndi zinthu zina, izi zidathandiza kwambiri. Ndipo makamaka pamene wolemba mapulogalamu, ali ndi chidwi chogwira ntchito, akuchita chinachake nthawi ya 23:XNUMX, ndipo ine, ndikuchita chidwi ndi ntchito, ndimamwa mowa wa vodka mu bafa, ndipo NDIKUFUNA kusintha chinachake.
O, mwa njira. Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa kuti PHP Composer wawonekera. Sitinasewere nawo pano, koma, titi, kwa Laravel, imatha kusunga zolemba zingapo za zipolopolo komanso nthawi pakuyika zodalira. Dongosolo lomwelo lilipo Node.JS ndi Ruby.
Ndi SSL zonse ndi zophweka. Ngati chigawocho chatsimikiza monga momwe tikuyembekezeredwa, Tiyeni Tilembetseni ndikudina kamodzi ndikudzisintha yokha, pa domain palokha, ndi ma subdomains, komanso ma mail.
Plesk palokha ngati pulogalamu pano ndiyosangalatsa komanso yokhazikika. Imadzisintha yokha ndi Axis mwakachetechete, imadya zinthu zochepa, ndipo imagwira ntchito bwino. Sindikukumbukiranso kuti ndinapondapo chinachake kwinakwake, chomwe chikanakhala cholakwika chodziwika bwino pa mankhwalawa. Panali mavuto, ndithudi, koma mwina chifukwa cha kasinthidwe kopanda ungwiro kapena kwinakwake pamphambano, kotero palibe chodandaula. Malingaliro ogwirira ntchito ndi Plesk nthawi zambiri amakhala osangalatsa. Zomwe zilibe, ndipo tiyenera kumvetsetsa izi, ndimagulu aliwonse (aliyense). Ngakhale LB kapena HA. Mukhoza kuyesa, koma khama lomwe lingakhalepo lidzakhala lochuluka kwambiri moti ndi bwino kuchita mosiyana ndi poyamba.
Ndikuganiza kuti tikhoza kunena mwachidule. Pakuti pamene palibe woyang'anira, kapena palibe wokwanira wa iye, pamene mtengo kuchititsa ndi malo (s) kupota pa izo kuposa, chabwino, kunena, 100 USD, pamene sitikulankhula za kugawana bestial 1500 masamba pa seva, pomwe wopanga zisankho akukumana nawo Ngati muli ndi chisankho cholemba ganyu woyang'anira wanthawi yochepa, kapena kugula mapulogalamu ndikukhala ndi admin kwa theka la buck, kapena osakhala nawo konse - ndizomveka. Kuchokera pakuwona kwa woyang'anira kutali - chinthu chomwecho. $ 10 pamwezi, ndikupulumutsa nthawi ndikupereka kusinthasintha pantchito kwa nthawi yayitaliΠΎndalama zokulirapo. Ngati, mwachitsanzo, ndikufunsidwa mwamphamvu kuti nditenge ntchito yofananayo pansi pa mapiko anga, ndidzaumirira kuti ndisamutsire ku Plesk.
Source: www.habr.com