Tidaganiza zopanga njira yowunikira pagawo lopanga magulu azogulitsa. Zinadziwika kuti bizinesi yathu - kudyera masuku pamutu - sikugwera m'magulu awa. Ndichoncho chifukwa chiyani?
Chowonadi ndi chakuti magulu athu onse amamangidwa mozungulira machitidwe azidziwitso, ma microservices ndi malire, kotero magulu samawona thanzi la dongosolo lonselo. Mwachitsanzo, sangadziwe momwe gawo lina laling'ono lakumbuyo lakumbuyo limakhudzira kutsogolo. Kuchuluka kwawo kwa chidwi kumangokhala ku machitidwe omwe dongosolo lawo likuphatikizidwa. Ngati gulu ndi utumiki wake A alibe pafupifupi kugwirizana ndi utumiki B, ndiye utumiki woteroyo pafupifupi wosaoneka kwa gulu.
Gulu lathu, nalonso, limagwira ntchito ndi machitidwe omwe amagwirizanitsidwa mwamphamvu kwambiri: pali maulumikizidwe ambiri pakati pawo, ichi ndi chitukuko chachikulu kwambiri. Ndipo kugwira ntchito kwa malo ogulitsira pa intaneti kumadalira machitidwe onsewa (omwe tili nawo, mwa njira, chiwerengero chachikulu).
Chifukwa chake zidapezeka kuti dipatimenti yathu si ya timu iliyonse, koma ili pafupi pang'ono. M'nkhani yonseyi, ntchito yathu ndikumvetsetsa bwino momwe machitidwe azidziwitso amagwirira ntchito, magwiridwe antchito, kuphatikiza, mapulogalamu, maukonde, zida, ndi momwe zonsezi zimalumikizirana.
Pulatifomu yomwe masitolo athu a pa intaneti amagwira ntchito ikuwoneka motere:
- kutsogolo
- ofesi yapakati
- ofesi kumbuyo
Ziribe kanthu momwe tingafune, sizichitika kuti machitidwe onse amagwira ntchito bwino komanso mosalakwitsa. Mfundoyi, kachiwiri, ndi chiwerengero cha machitidwe ndi kugwirizanitsa - ndi chinachake chonga chathu, zochitika zina ndizosapeweka, ngakhale kuti kuyesa kuyesedwa. Komanso, onse mkati mwa dongosolo lapadera komanso mwa kuphatikizika kwawo. Ndipo muyenera kuwunika momwe nsanja yonse ilili, osati gawo lililonse.
Moyenera, kuyang'anira zaumoyo papulatifomu kuyenera kukhala kokhazikika. Ndipo tinafika pakuwunika ngati gawo losapeΕ΅eka la ndondomekoyi. Poyambirira, idangopangidwira gawo lakutsogolo, pomwe akatswiri pamaneti, oyang'anira mapulogalamu ndi ma hardware anali ndi akadali ndi machitidwe awo owunikira. Anthu onsewa adatsata kuwunika kwawo kokha; palibe amene amamvetsetsa bwino.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati makina enieni awonongeka, nthawi zambiri ndi woyang'anira yekhayo yemwe ali ndi hardware ndi makina enieni amadziwa za izo. Zikatero, gulu lakutsogolo lidawona zenizeni za kuwonongeka kwa pulogalamuyo, koma linalibe chidziwitso chokhudza kuwonongeka kwa makinawo. Ndipo woyang'anira amatha kudziwa yemwe ali kasitomala ndikukhala ndi lingaliro lovuta la zomwe zikuchitika pamakina awa, malinga ngati ndi mtundu wina wa polojekiti yayikulu. Mwinamwake samadziwa za ang'ono. Mulimonsemo, woyang'anira ayenera kupita kwa mwiniwake ndikufunsa zomwe zinali pa makina awa, zomwe ziyenera kubwezeretsedwa ndi zomwe ziyenera kusinthidwa. Ndipo ngati china chake chawonongeka, adayamba kuthamanga mozungulira - chifukwa palibe amene adawona dongosolo lonselo.
Pamapeto pake, nkhani zosiyana zotere zimakhudza kutsogolo konse, ogwiritsa ntchito ndi ntchito yathu yayikulu - kugulitsa pa intaneti. Popeza sitili m'gulu lamagulu, koma tikugwira ntchito yogwiritsira ntchito ma ecommerce applications monga gawo la sitolo yapaintaneti, tidatenga ntchito yopanga njira yowunikira papulatifomu ya ecommerce.
Dongosolo la dongosolo ndi stack
Tinayamba ndi kuzindikira zigawo zingapo zowunikira makina athu, momwe tingafunikire kusonkhanitsa ma metric. Ndipo zonsezi zinkafunika kuphatikizidwa, zomwe ndi zomwe tidachita pa gawo loyamba. Tsopano pakadali pano tikumaliza kusonkhanitsa ma metric apamwamba kwambiri m'magawo athu onse kuti tigwirizane ndikumvetsetsa momwe makina amakhudzirana.
Kuperewera kwa kuyang'anira kwathunthu pazigawo zoyamba za kukhazikitsidwa kwa ntchito (kuyambira pamene tinayamba kumanga pamene machitidwe ambiri anali kupanga) kunapangitsa kuti tinali ndi ngongole yaikulu yaukadaulo kuti tikhazikitse kuwunika kwa nsanja yonse. Sitinathe kuyang'ana kwambiri pakukhazikitsa kuyang'anira kwa IS ndikuyang'anira mwatsatanetsatane, popeza machitidwe ena onsewo adzasiyidwa osayang'anira kwakanthawi. Kuti tithane ndi vutoli, tidazindikira mndandanda wazinthu zofunikira kwambiri pakuwunika momwe dongosolo lazidziwitso lilili ndi gawo ndikuyamba kuligwiritsa ntchito.
Choncho, anaganiza zodyera njovu mβzigawo zake.
Dongosolo lathu lili ndi:
- hardware;
- opareting'i sisitimu;
- mapulogalamu;
- Zigawo za UI mu ntchito yowunikira;
- miyeso ya bizinesi;
- kuphatikiza ntchito;
- chitetezo chidziwitso;
- maukonde;
- traffic balancer.
Pakatikati pa dongosololi ndikuyang'anitsitsa. Kuti mumvetse bwino momwe dongosolo lonse likuyendera, muyenera kudziwa zomwe zikuchitika ndi ntchito pamagulu onsewa komanso pamagulu onse a mapulogalamu.
Choncho, za stack.
Timagwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu otseguka. Pakatikati tili ndi Zabbix, yomwe timagwiritsa ntchito makamaka ngati njira yochenjeza. Aliyense akudziwa kuti ndiyabwino pakuwunika magwiridwe antchito. Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani? Ndendende ma metric omwe ali otsika omwe kampani iliyonse yomwe imasunga malo ake a data (ndipo Sportmaster ili ndi malo ake a data) - kutentha kwa seva, kukumbukira kukumbukira, kuukira, ma metric a chipangizo cha intaneti.
Taphatikiza Zabbix ndi telegraph messenger ndi Microsoft Teams, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magulu. Zabbix imakwirira wosanjikiza wa netiweki yeniyeni, hardware ndi mapulogalamu ena, koma si vuto. Timalemeretsa datayi kuchokera kuzinthu zina. Mwachitsanzo, pamlingo wa hardware, timagwirizanitsa mwachindunji kudzera pa API ku dongosolo lathu la virtualization ndikusonkhanitsa deta.
China ndi chiyani. Kuphatikiza pa Zabbix, timagwiritsa ntchito Prometheus, yomwe imatilola kuyang'anira ma metric pakugwiritsa ntchito chilengedwe. Ndiko kuti, titha kulandira ma metrics ogwiritsira ntchito kudzera pa HTTP endpoint ndipo osadandaula kuti ndi ma metric omwe tingalowemo ndi omwe ayi. Kutengera deta iyi, mafunso owunikira amatha kupangidwa.
Magwero a deta a zigawo zina, mwachitsanzo, ma metric a bizinesi, amagawidwa m'magulu atatu.
Choyamba, awa ndi machitidwe abizinesi akunja, Google Analytics, timatolera ma metrics kuchokera ku zipika. Kuchokera kwa iwo timapeza deta pa ogwiritsa ntchito, otembenuka ndi china chirichonse chokhudzana ndi bizinesi. Kachiwiri, iyi ndi njira yowunikira UI. Iyenera kufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane.
Kalekale tinayamba ndi kuyesa pamanja ndipo zidakula kukhala zoyeserera zokha za magwiridwe antchito ndi kuphatikiza. Kuchokera pa izi tinapanga kuwunika, kusiya ntchito zazikulu zokha, ndikudalira zolembera zomwe zimakhala zokhazikika komanso sizisintha nthawi zambiri.
Gulu latsopanoli likutanthauza kuti ntchito zonse zogwiritsira ntchito zimangokhala m'magulu azinthu, kotero tinasiya kuyesa. M'malo mwake, tinapanga UI kuyang'anitsitsa kuchokera ku mayesero, olembedwa ku Java, Selenium ndi Jenkins (omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati dongosolo loyambitsa ndi kupanga malipoti).
Tinali ndi mayesero ambiri, koma pamapeto pake tinaganiza zopita kumsewu waukulu, metric yapamwamba. Ndipo ngati tili ndi mayeso ambiri enieni, zidzakhala zovuta kusunga deta mpaka pano. Kutulutsidwa kulikonse kotsatira kudzaphwanya kwambiri dongosolo lonse, ndipo zonse zomwe tingachite ndikukonza. Chifukwa chake, timayang'ana kwambiri zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe sizisintha kawirikawiri, ndipo timangoyang'anira.
Pomaliza, chachitatu, gwero la data ndi njira yapakati yodula mitengo. Timagwiritsa ntchito Elastic Stack pamalogi, kenako titha kukokera izi munjira yathu yowunikira ma metric abizinesi. Kuphatikiza pa zonsezi, tili ndi ntchito yathu ya Monitoring API, yolembedwa ku Python, yomwe imafunsa mautumiki aliwonse kudzera pa API ndikusonkhanitsa deta kuchokera kwa iwo kupita ku Zabbix.
Khalidwe lina lofunikira pakuwunika ndikuwonera. Zathu ndi zochokera ku Grafana. Imawonekera pakati pa machitidwe ena owonera chifukwa imakulolani kuti muwone ma metrics kuchokera kumagwero osiyanasiyana a data pa dashboard. Titha kusonkhanitsa zoyezetsa zapamwamba za sitolo yapaintaneti, mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa maoda omwe ayikidwa mu ola lapitalo kuchokera ku DBMS, ma metrics a OS omwe sitolo yapaintaneti ikuyenda kuchokera ku Zabbix, ndi ma metrics pazochitika za pulogalamuyi. kuchokera ku Prometheus. Ndipo zonsezi zidzakhala padashboard imodzi. Zomveka komanso zopezeka.
Ndiloleni ndizindikire za chitetezo - panopa tikumaliza dongosololi, lomwe pambuyo pake tidzaliphatikiza ndi dongosolo loyang'anira dziko lonse lapansi. M'malingaliro anga, zovuta zazikulu zomwe e-commerce ikukumana nazo pachitetezo chazidziwitso ndizogwirizana ndi bots, parsers ndi brute force. Tiyenera kuyang'anitsitsa izi, chifukwa zonsezi zingakhudze kwambiri momwe ntchito zathu zikuyendera komanso mbiri yathu kuchokera ku bizinesi. Ndipo ndi mulu wosankhidwa timakwaniritsa bwino ntchitoyi.
Mfundo ina yofunika ndikuti gawo la ntchito limasonkhanitsidwa ndi Prometheus. Iye mwiniyo akuphatikizidwanso ndi Zabbix. Ndipo tilinso ndi ma sitepeed, ntchito yomwe imatilola kuwona magawo monga kuthamanga kwa tsamba lathu, mabotolo, kutulutsa masamba, kutsitsa zolemba, ndi zina zambiri, imaphatikizidwanso ndi API. Chifukwa chake ma metric athu amasonkhanitsidwa ku Zabbix, ndipo motero, timachenjezanso kuchokera pamenepo. Zidziwitso zonse zimatumizidwa kunjira zazikulu zotumizira (pakali pano ndi imelo ndi telegalamu, Magulu a MS nawonso alumikizidwa posachedwa). Pali malingaliro okweza kuchenjeza za dziko loti ma smart bots amagwira ntchito ngati ntchito ndikupereka zidziwitso zowunikira magulu onse omwe ali ndi chidwi.
Kwa ife, ma metrics ndi ofunikira osati pamakina azidziwitso amunthu payekha, komanso ma metric wamba pazomanga zonse zomwe mapulogalamu amagwiritsa ntchito: magulu a maseva akuthupi omwe makina enieni amayendera, owongolera magalimoto, Network Load Balancers, netiweki yokha, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zolumikizirana. . Ma metric owonjezera a malo athu a data (tili ndi angapo a iwo ndipo zomanga ndi zazikulu).
Ubwino wa dongosolo lathu lowunika ndikuti ndi chithandizo chake timawona momwe thanzi la machitidwe onse alili ndipo titha kuwunika momwe zimakhudzira wina ndi mnzake komanso pazogawana. Ndipo pamapeto pake, zimatilola kuchita nawo zokonzekera zothandizira, womwenso ndi udindo wathu. Timayang'anira zida za seva - dziwe mkati mwa e-commerce, kutumiza ndikuchotsa zida zatsopano, kugula zida zina zatsopano, kuwunika kagwiritsidwe ntchito kazinthu, ndi zina zambiri. Chaka chilichonse, magulu amakonza mapulojekiti atsopano, amapanga machitidwe awo, ndipo ndikofunikira kuti tiziwapatsa zothandizira.
Ndipo mothandizidwa ndi ma metrics, timawona momwe kagwiritsidwe ntchito kazinthu ndi makina athu azidziwitso. Ndipo potengera iwo tikhoza kukonzekera chinachake. Pa mlingo wa virtualization, timasonkhanitsa deta ndikuwona zambiri za kuchuluka kwazinthu zomwe zilipo ndi data center. Ndipo kale mkati mwa data center mutha kuwona kukonzanso, kugawa kwenikweni, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu. Kuphatikiza apo, onse okhala ndi ma seva oyimilira ndi makina enieni ndi magulu a maseva akuthupi pomwe makina onsewa akuzungulira mwamphamvu.
Zoyembekeza
Tsopano tili ndi maziko a dongosolo lonse lokonzekera, koma pali zinthu zambiri zomwe ziyenera kuchitidwabe. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, ichi ndi gawo lachitetezo chazidziwitso, koma ndikofunikiranso kuti mufike pa netiweki, kukulitsa kuchenjeza ndikuthetsa vuto la kulumikizana. Tili ndi zigawo ndi machitidwe ambiri, ndipo pagawo lililonse pali ma metric ambiri. Zikuoneka kuti matryoshka mlingo wa matryoshka.
Ntchito yathu ndi kupanga machenjezo oyenera. Mwachitsanzo, ngati panali vuto ndi hardware, kachiwiri, ndi makina enieni, ndipo panali ntchito yofunika, ndipo utumiki sunachirikidwe mwanjira iliyonse. Ife tikupeza kuti makina enieni afa. Kenako ma metric abizinesi adzakuchenjezani: ogwiritsa ntchito asowa kwinakwake, palibe kutembenuka, UI mu mawonekedwe sakupezeka, mapulogalamu ndi ntchito zafanso.
Zikatere, tidzalandira sipamu kuchokera ku zidziwitso, ndipo izi sizikugwirizananso ndi mawonekedwe a dongosolo loyang'anira bwino. Funso la kulumikizana likubwera. Choncho, dongosolo lathu loyang'anira liyenera kunena kuti: "Anyamata, makina anu afa, ndipo pamodzi ndi ntchito iyi ndi ma metrics awa," mothandizidwa ndi chenjezo limodzi, m'malo mokwiya kutiwombera ndi zidziwitso zana. Iyenera kufotokoza chinthu chachikulu - chifukwa, chomwe chimathandiza kuthetsa vutoli mwamsanga chifukwa cha malo ake.
Dongosolo lathu la zidziwitso ndi kuwongolera zidziwitso zimamangidwa mozungulira maola XNUMX pa intaneti. Zidziwitso zonse zomwe zimaganiziridwa kuti ndizofunikira ndipo zikuphatikizidwa pamndandanda wamawu zimatumizidwa kumeneko. Chenjezo lililonse liyenera kukhala ndi kufotokozera: zomwe zinachitika, zomwe zikutanthauza, zomwe zimakhudza. Komanso ulalo wa dashboard ndi malangizo pazomwe mungachite pankhaniyi.
Izi zonse ndi zofunika pakupanga chenjezo. Ndiye vutoli likhoza kuchitika mbali ziwiri - mwina pali vuto ndipo liyenera kuthetsedwa, kapena pakhala kulephera mu njira yowunikira. Koma mulimonsemo, muyenera kupita ndikukalingalira.
Pafupifupi, tsopano timalandira zidziwitso pafupifupi zana patsiku, poganizira kuti kulumikizana kwa zidziwitso sikunakhazikitsidwe bwino. Ndipo ngati tifunika kuchita ntchito zaukadaulo, ndipo timazimitsa china chake, kuchuluka kwawo kumawonjezeka kwambiri.
Kuphatikiza pa kuyang'anira machitidwe omwe timagwiritsa ntchito ndikusonkhanitsa ma metric omwe amaonedwa kuti ndi ofunika kumbali yathu, njira yowunikira imatithandiza kusonkhanitsa deta yamagulu azinthu. Atha kukhudza kapangidwe ka ma metrics mkati mwa makina azidziwitso omwe timawunika.
Mnzathu atha kubwera ndikufunsa kuti awonjezere ma metric omwe angakhale othandiza kwa ife komanso gulu. Kapena, mwachitsanzo, gululo lingakhale lisakhale ndi ma metric okwanira omwe tili nawo; amayenera kutsatira ena enieni. Ku Grafana, timapanga malo kwa gulu lililonse ndikupereka ufulu wa oyang'anira. Komanso, ngati gulu likusowa ma dashboards, koma iwo eni sangathe / sadziwa momwe angachitire, timawathandiza.
Popeza tili kunja kwa kulenga kwamtengo wapatali kwa gulu, kutulutsidwa kwawo ndi kukonzekera, pang'onopang'ono tikufika pamapeto kuti kutulutsidwa kwa machitidwe onse kumakhala kosasunthika ndipo kumatha kutulutsidwa tsiku ndi tsiku popanda kugwirizana ndi ife. Ndipo ndikofunikira kuti tiziyang'anira zomwe zatulutsidwazi, chifukwa zitha kusokoneza magwiridwe antchito ndikuphwanya china chake, ndipo izi ndizofunikira. Kuti tiyendetse kutulutsidwa, timagwiritsa ntchito Bamboo, komwe timalandira deta kudzera pa API ndipo tikhoza kuona zomwe zatulutsidwa zomwe zatulutsidwa ndi machitidwe a chidziwitso ndi udindo wawo. Ndipo chofunika kwambiri ndi nthawi yanji. Timayika zolembera zazikulu pamakina ofunikira kwambiri, omwe amawonekera kwambiri pakagwa mavuto.
Mwanjira iyi titha kuwona kulumikizana pakati pa zotulutsa zatsopano ndi zovuta zomwe zikubwera. Lingaliro lalikulu ndikumvetsetsa momwe dongosololi limagwirira ntchito pamagawo onse, kuyika vutolo mwachangu ndikulikonza mwachangu. Kupatula apo, nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti zomwe zimatenga nthawi yayitali sikuthetsa vutoli, koma kufunafuna chifukwa chake.
Ndipo m'dera lino m'tsogolo tikufuna kuganizira proactivity. Momwemo, ndikufuna kudziwa za vuto lomwe likuyandikira pasadakhale, osati pambuyo pake, kuti ndithe kuliletsa m'malo molithetsa. Nthawi zina ma alarm abodza a pulogalamu yowunikira amachitika, chifukwa cha zolakwika za anthu komanso chifukwa cha kusintha kwa pulogalamuyo. Ndipo timagwira ntchito izi, kukonza zolakwika, ndikuyesera kuchenjeza ogwiritsa ntchito nafe za izi musanagwiritse ntchito njira yowunikira. , kapena chitani izi pawindo laukadaulo.
Kotero, dongosololi lakhazikitsidwa ndipo lakhala likugwira ntchito bwino kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa masika ... ndipo likuwonetsa phindu lenileni kwambiri. Zachidziwikire, iyi si mtundu wake womaliza; tikhala tikubweretsa zina zambiri zothandiza. Koma pakali pano, ndi kuphatikiza kochulukira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito, kuyang'anira makina sikungalephereke.
Ngati mumayang'aniranso mapulojekiti akuluakulu okhala ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kophatikizana, lembani m'mawu omwe mwapeza pa izi.
Source: www.habr.com