Kuyang'anira zida zopangira: zikuyenda bwanji ku Russia?

Moni, Habr! Gulu lathu limayang'anira makina ndi makhazikitsidwe osiyanasiyana m'dziko lonselo. Kwenikweni, timapereka mwayi kwa wopanga kuti asatumizenso injiniya pamene "o, zonse zasweka," koma kwenikweni amangofunika kukanikiza batani limodzi. Kapena pamene idasweka osati pazida, koma pafupi.

Vuto lalikulu ndi ili. Apa mukupanga gawo lophwanyira mafuta, kapena chida chopangira makina opangira makina, kapena chida china cha chomera. Monga lamulo, kugulitsa komweko sikungatheke kwambiri: nthawi zambiri kumakhala mgwirizano wopereka ndi ntchito. Ndiko kuti, mumatsimikizira kuti chidutswa cha hardware chidzagwira ntchito kwa zaka 10 popanda zosokoneza, ndipo chifukwa cha zosokoneza muli ndi udindo pazachuma, kapena kupereka ma SLA okhwima, kapena zina zofanana.

M'malo mwake, izi zikutanthauza kuti muyenera kutumiza mainjiniya pafupipafupi patsamba. Monga momwe machitidwe athu amasonyezera, kuyambira 30 mpaka 80% ya maulendo ndi osafunikira. Choyamba - ndizotheka kudziwa zomwe zidachitika kutali. Kapena funsani wogwiritsa ntchitoyo kuti akanikize mabatani angapo ndipo zonse zigwira ntchito. Mlandu wachiwiri ndi ziwembu za "imvi". Apa ndi pamene injiniya amatuluka, kukonza zina kapena ntchito zovuta, ndiyeno amagawa chipukuta misozi pakati ndi wina wa fakitale. Kapena amangosangalala ndi tchuthi chake ndi mbuye wake (zochitika zenizeni) choncho amakonda kutuluka pafupipafupi. Chomera sichisamala.

Kuyika kuyang'anira kumafuna kusinthidwa kwa hardware ndi chipangizo chotumizira deta, kufalitsa komweko, mtundu wina wa nyanja ya data kuti isungidwe, kuyika ma protocol ndi malo osungiramo zinthu zomwe zimatha kuwona ndikufanizira chirichonse. Chabwino, pali ma nuances kwa zonsezi.

Chifukwa chiyani sitingathe kuchita popanda kuyang'anira kutali?

Ndiwokwera mtengo. Business ulendo wa injiniya mmodzi - osachepera 50 zikwi rubles (ndege, hotelo, malawi, malipiro tsiku). Kuphatikiza apo, sizingatheke nthawi zonse kusweka, ndipo munthu yemweyo angafunike m'mizinda yosiyanasiyana.

• Ku Russia, ogulitsa ndi ogula amakhala pafupifupi nthawi zonse kutali ndi mnzake. Mukagulitsa mankhwala ku Siberia, simudziwa chilichonse kupatulapo zomwe wogulitsa akukuuzani. Ngakhale momwe zimagwirira ntchito, kapena momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito, kapena, kwenikweni, ndani adasindikiza batani liti ndi manja okhotakhota - mulibe chidziwitso ichi, mutha kuzidziwa kuchokera ku mawu a ogula. Izi zimapangitsa kukonza kukhala kovuta kwambiri.
• Zodandaula zopanda maziko ndi zodandaula. Ndiko kuti, kasitomala wanu, yemwe akugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala anu, akhoza kuyimba, kulemba, kudandaula nthawi iliyonse ndikunena kuti mankhwala anu sagwira ntchito, ndi oipa, akusweka, bwerani mwamsanga ndikukonza. Ngati muli ndi mwayi ndipo sikuti "zogwiritsidwa ntchito sizinadzazidwe," ndiye kuti simunatumize katswiri pachabe. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti ntchito zothandiza zinatenga pasanathe ola, ndi china chirichonse - kukonzekera ulendo wantchito, ndege, malo ogona - zonsezi ankafuna nthawi yambiri injiniya.
• Pali zonena zopanda pake, ndipo kuti mutsimikizire izi, muyenera kutumiza mainjiniya, kulemba lipoti, ndikupita kukhoti. Zotsatira zake, ntchitoyi ikuchedwa, ndipo izi sizibweretsa chilichonse chabwino kwa kasitomala kapena inu.
• Mikangano imabwera chifukwa chakuti, mwachitsanzo, kasitomala adagwiritsa ntchito chinthucho molakwika, kasitomala pazifukwa zina amakukwiyirani ndipo sakunena kuti katundu wanu sanagwire bwino ntchito, osati m'njira zomwe zafotokozedwa muzolemba zaukadaulo komanso mu pasipoti. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, simungathe kuchita chilichonse chotsutsa, kapena mungathe, koma movutikira, ngati, mwachitsanzo, malonda anu mwanjira ina amalemba ndikulemba mitundu imeneyo. Zowonongeka chifukwa cha vuto la kasitomala - izi zimachitika nthawi zonse. Ndinali ndi mlandu pomwe makina okwera mtengo a portal aku Germany adasweka chifukwa chogundana ndi mtengo. Wogwiritsa ntchitoyo sanayike pa ziro, ndipo chifukwa chake makinawo adayima pamenepo. Komanso, kasitomala ananena momveka bwino: "Ife tiribe chochita nazo." Koma chidziwitsocho chidalowetsedwa, ndipo zinali zotheka kuyang'ana zipikazi ndikumvetsetsa pulogalamu yowongolera yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito ndipo chifukwa chake kugunda komweku kunachitika. Izi zinapulumutsa woperekayo ndalama zazikulu kwambiri zokonzera chitsimikizo.
• Mapulani otchulidwa "imvi" ndi chiwembu ndi wothandizira. Katswiri wothandizira yemweyo amapita kwa kasitomala nthawi zonse. Iwo anamuuza kuti: “Tamverani, a Kolya, tiyeni tichite mmene mukufunira: umalemba kuti zonse zathyoka pano, tidzalandira chipukuta misozi, kapena mubwere ndi zipi ya mtundu wina kuti ikonzedwe. Zonsezi tizichita mwakachetechete, tigawa ndalamazo. ” Zonse zomwe zatsala ndikukhulupilira, kapena kupanga njira zovuta zowunikira ziganizo zonsezi ndi zitsimikizo, zomwe sizimawonjezera nthawi kapena mitsempha, ndipo palibe chabwino chomwe chimachitika mu izi. Ngati mumadziwa momwe magalimoto amachitira ndi chinyengo cha chitsimikizo komanso kuchuluka kwa zovuta zomwe izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale njira, ndiye kuti mukumvetsa vutoli.

Chabwino, zida zimalembabe zipika, sichoncho? Vuto ndi chiyani?

Vuto ndiloti ngati ogulitsa akumvetsetsa kuti chipikacho chiyenera kulembedwa nthawi zonse kwinakwake (kapena kumvetsetsa zaka makumi angapo zapitazi), ndiye chikhalidwe sichinapite patsogolo. Chipikacho nthawi zambiri chimafunika kusanthula milandu yokhala ndi kukonzanso kokwera mtengo - kaya kunali cholakwika cha opareshoni kapena kuwonongeka kwa zida zenizeni.

Kuti mutenge chipika, nthawi zambiri mumayenera kuyandikira zidazo, kutsegula mtundu wina wa casing, kuwulula cholumikizira chautumiki, kulumikiza chingwe ndikutenga mafayilo a data. Kenako pitirizani kuwagwira kwa maola angapo kuti mumvetse momwe zinthu zilili. Tsoka, izi zimachitika pafupifupi kulikonse (chabwino, mwina ndili ndi lingaliro la mbali imodzi, popeza timagwira ntchito ndendende ndi mafakitale omwe kuwunika kukungokhazikitsidwa).

Makasitomala athu akuluakulu ndi opanga zida. Nthawi zambiri, amayamba kuganiza zoyang'anira mtundu wina, mwina pambuyo pa chochitika chachikulu kapena kungoyang'ana ndalama zawo zoyendera pachaka. Koma nthawi zambiri, tikukamba za kulephera kwakukulu ndi kutaya ndalama kapena mbiri. Atsogoleri opita patsogolo omwe amaganiza za "chilichonse chomwe chimachitika" ndi osowa. Chowonadi ndi chakuti nthawi zambiri woyang'anira amapeza "paki" yakale ya mgwirizano wautumiki, ndipo sawona chifukwa choyika masensa pa hardware yatsopano, chifukwa idzangofunika zaka zingapo.

Nthawi zambiri, tambala wowotcha amalumabe, ndipo imafika nthawi yoti asinthe.

Kutengerapo kwa data palokha sikowopsa. Zipangizozi nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi masensa (kapena zimayikidwa mwachangu), kuphatikiza zipika zalembedwa kale ndipo zochitika zautumiki zimadziwika. Zomwe muyenera kuchita ndikuyamba kutumiza. Mchitidwe wamba ndikuyika mtundu wina wa modemu, mwachitsanzo, ndi embed-SIM, molunjika mu chipangizocho kuchokera pamakina a X-ray kupita ku makina ojambulira, ndikutumiza telemetry kudzera pa netiweki yam'manja. Malo omwe mulibe ma cell amakhala akutali kwambiri ndipo asowa kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa.

Ndiyeno funso lomwelo likuyamba monga kale. Inde, pali zipika tsopano. Koma ziyenera kuikidwa penapake ndikuwerengedwa mwanjira ina. Nthawi zambiri, mtundu wina wa machitidwe owonera ndi kusanthula zochitika ndizofunikira.

Kenako timawonekera pa siteji. Zowonadi, nthawi zambiri timawonetsa kale, chifukwa oyang'anira ogulitsa amayang'ana zomwe anzawo akuchita ndipo nthawi yomweyo amabwera kwa ife kuti atipatse upangiri wosankha zida zotumizira telemetry.

Msika wamsika

Kumadzulo, njira yothetsera vutoli imabwera kuzinthu zitatu: chilengedwe cha Siemens (chokwera mtengo kwambiri, chofunika kwambiri pamagulu akuluakulu, nthawi zambiri ngati ma turbine), ma mandule odzilemba okha, kapena imodzi mwa ophatikizana nawo amathandizira. Zotsatira zake, zonsezi zikafika pamsika waku Russia, malo adapangidwa pomwe panali Nokia ndi zidutswa zake za chilengedwe, Amazon, Nokia ndi zachilengedwe zingapo zakumaloko monga chitukuko cha 1C.

Tidalowa mumsika ngati ulalo wogwirizanitsa womwe umatilola kusonkhanitsa deta iliyonse kuchokera kuzipangizo zilizonse pogwiritsa ntchito ma protocol aliwonse (chabwino, pafupifupi kapena amakono), kuwakonza palimodzi ndikuwawonetsa kwa munthu mwanjira iliyonse yofunikira: chifukwa cha izi tili nazo. ma SDK abwino amitundu yonse yachitukuko ndi mawonekedwe ogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe.

Chotsatira chake, tikhoza kusonkhanitsa deta yonse kuchokera ku chipangizo cha wopanga, kusungirako posungira pa seva ndikusonkhanitsa gulu loyang'anira ndi zidziwitso kumeneko.

Izi ndi momwe zimawonekera (apa kasitomala adapanganso mawonekedwe abizinesi, awa ndi maola angapo pamawonekedwe):

Ndipo pali ma graph kuchokera ku zida:

Zidziwitso zimawoneka ngati izi: pamlingo wamakina, ngati mphamvu ya bungwe loyang'anira idapitilira kapena kugundana kwachitika, magawo amakonzedwa, ndipo dongosololi lidzadziwitsa dipatimenti kapena ntchito zokonzanso zikadutsa.

Chabwino, chinthu chovuta kwambiri ndikulosera kulephera kwa node kutengera momwe alili popewera. Ngati mumvetsetsa gwero la node iliyonse, ndiye kuti mutha kuchepetsa kwambiri ndalama pamakontrakitala omwe pali malipiro a nthawi yopuma.

Chidule

Nkhaniyi ingamveke yophweka: chabwino, tidazindikira kuti tikufunika kutumiza deta, kuyang'anira ndi kusanthula, kotero tinasankha wogulitsa ndikukhazikitsa. Chabwino, ndiye, aliyense ali wokondwa. Ngati tikukamba za machitidwe odzilemba okha pafakitale yathu, ndiye, zodabwitsa, machitidwewo amakhala osadalirika. Tikukamba za kutayika kwa banal kwa zipika, deta yolakwika, zolephera pakusonkhanitsa, kusungirako ndi kulandira. Chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri mutakhazikitsa, zipika zakale zimayamba kuchotsedwa, zomwe sizimatha bwino nthawi zonse. Ngakhale pali chizolowezi - 10 GB amasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku makina amodzi pachaka. Izi zimathetsedwa kwa zaka zisanu pogula galimoto ina yolimba kwa ma ruble 10 zikwi ... Panthawi ina zimakhala kuti si zipangizo zopatsirana zokhazokha zomwe zimakhala zoyambirira, koma dongosolo lomwe limalola kuti deta yolandiridwa ifufuzidwe. Kusavuta kwa mawonekedwe ndikofunikira. Ili ndiye vuto ndi machitidwe onse amakampani: kumvetsetsa momwe zinthu zilili sikophweka nthawi zonse. Ndikofunikira kuchuluka kwa deta yomwe ikuwonekera mu dongosolo, chiwerengero cha magawo kuchokera ku node, kuthekera kwa dongosolo logwira ntchito ndi voliyumu yaikulu ndi kuchuluka kwa deta. Kukhazikitsa ma dashboards, mawonekedwe opangidwa ndi chipangizocho, mkonzi wazithunzi (zojambula zojambula).

Tiyeni tipereke zitsanzo zingapo za zomwe izi zimapereka muzochita.

1. Nawa wopanga padziko lonse lapansi zida zamafiriji zamafakitale zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pamaketani ogulitsa. 10% ya ndalama zomwe kampani imapeza zimachokera popereka chithandizo pothandizira zinthu zake. Ndikofunikira kuchepetsa mtengo wa mautumiki ndipo nthawi zambiri perekani mwayi wowonjezera zinthu nthawi zonse, chifukwa ngati tigulitsa zambiri, dongosolo lomwe lilipo silingathe kupirira. Tidalumikizana mwachindunji ndi nsanja ya malo amodzi othandizira, tidasintha ma module angapo pazosowa za kasitomala ameneyu, ndipo tidalandira kuchepetsedwa kwa 35% kwa ndalama zoyendera chifukwa chopeza chidziwitso chautumiki kumathandizira kuzindikira zomwe zimayambitsa. za kulephera popanda kufunikira kwa injiniya wothandizira kuti aziyendera. Kusanthula deta kwa nthawi yayitali - kulosera zaukadaulo ndipo, ngati kuli kofunikira, konzekerani mwachangu potengera momwe zinthu ziliri. Monga bonasi, liwiro la kuyankha kwa zopempha lawonjezeka: pali maulendo ochepa, ndipo mainjiniya amatha kuchita zinthu mwachangu.
2. Mechanical engineering kampani, wopanga magalimoto magetsi ntchito m'mizinda yambiri ya Chitaganya cha Russia ndi CIS. Mofanana ndi wina aliyense, amafuna kuchepetsa ndalama ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo amaneneratu za luso la trolleybus ndi sitima zapamtunda za mzindawo kuti adziwitse ogwira ntchito zaluso panthawi yake. Tidalumikiza ndikupanga ma aligorivimu osonkhanitsira ndi kutumiza deta yaukadaulo kuchokera ku rolling kupita ku single situation center (ma aligorivimu amapangidwa molunjika mumayendedwe owongolera ndikugwira ntchito ndi data ya basi ya CAN). Kufikira kutali kwa data yaukadaulo, kuphatikiza nthawi yeniyeni yosinthira magawo (liwiro, voliyumu, kusamutsa mphamvu zobwezeretsedwa, ndi zina zotero) mu "oscilloscope" mode, zidapereka mwayi wosintha zosintha zakutali. Zotsatira zake ndikuchepetsa ndalama zoyendera ndi 50%: kupeza mwachindunji chidziwitso chautumiki kumathandizira kuzindikira zomwe zalephereka popanda kufunikira kwa injiniya wautumiki kuti aziyendera, ndipo kusanthula kwa data pakapita nthawi yayitali kumakupatsani mwayi wolosera zomwe zikuchitika. luso ndi, ngati n'koyenera, mwamsanga kuchita "condition-based" kukonza, kuphatikizapo kusanthula zolinga za zochitika mwadzidzidzi. Kukhazikitsa mapangano otalikirapo moyo mogwirizana ndi zomwe kasitomala amafuna komanso munthawi yake. Kutsatira zofunikira zaukadaulo wa wogwiritsa ntchito, komanso kumupatsa mwayi watsopano poyang'anira mawonekedwe a ntchito ya ogula (ma air conditioning, mathamangitsidwe / braking, etc.).
3. Chitsanzo chachitatu ndi tauni. Tiyenera kusunga magetsi ndikuwongolera chitetezo cha nzika. Tinagwirizanitsa nsanja imodzi yowunikira, kuyang'anira ndi kusonkhanitsa deta pamawunidwe olumikizidwa mumsewu, kuyang'anira patali zowonongeka zonse zowunikira anthu ndikuzitumikira kuchokera ku gulu limodzi lolamulira, kupereka njira zothetsera ntchito zotsatirazi. Mawonekedwe: Kuzimitsa kapena kuyatsa / kuzimitsa magetsi patali, payekhapayekha kapena m'magulu, kumadziwitsa okha ntchito zamzinda zalephereka pazowunikira pakukonza koyenera, kupereka nthawi yeniyeni yogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi, kupereka zida zowunikira zamphamvu zowunikira ndikuwongolera kuyatsa kwamisewu. dongosolo lochokera pa Big Data, lopereka zambiri pamagalimoto, mawonekedwe a mpweya, kuphatikiza ndi ma subsystem ena a Smart City. Zotsatira - kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pakuwunikira mumsewu mpaka 80%, kuwonjezera chitetezo kwa okhalamo pogwiritsa ntchito njira zowongolera zowunikira (munthu akuyenda mumsewu - kuyatsa nyali kwa iye, munthu pakuwoloka - kuyatsa kowala. kuyatsa kuti awonekere patali), kupereka ntchito zowonjezera mumzinda (kulipira magalimoto amagetsi, kupereka zotsatsa, kuyang'anira mavidiyo, etc.).

Kwenikweni, zomwe ndimafuna kunena: lero, ndi nsanja yokonzekera (mwachitsanzo, yathu), mutha kukhazikitsa kuwunika mwachangu komanso mosavuta. Izi sizikutanthauza kusintha kwa zida (kapena zochepa, ngati kulibe masensa ndi kufalitsa deta), sikufuna ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito ndi akatswiri osiyana. Mukungoyenera kuphunzira nkhaniyi, kuthera masiku angapo kuti mumvetsetse momwe zimagwirira ntchito, komanso milungu ingapo pazovomerezeka, mgwirizano ndikusinthana kwa data pama protocol. Ndipo pambuyo pake mudzakhala ndi deta yolondola kuchokera ku zipangizo zonse. Ndipo zonsezi zitha kuchitika mdziko lonse mothandizidwa ndi chophatikiza cha Technoserv, ndiye kuti, timatsimikizira kudalirika kwabwino, komwe sikuli koyambira.

Mu positi yotsatira ndikuwonetsa momwe izi zikuwonekera kuchokera kumbali ya ogulitsa, pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha kukhazikitsa kumodzi.

Source: www.habr.com