Mu gawo loyamba, tidakambirana chifukwa chomwe tasankha kusintha dongosolo lakale la BMS m'malo athu a data ndi latsopano. Osati kungosintha, koma sinthani kuyambira pachiyambi kuti zigwirizane ndi zomwe mukufuna. Mu gawo lachiwiri tikukuuzani momwe tinachitira.
Market Analysis
Kutengera zomwe zafotokozedwa mu zofuna ndi chigamulo chokana kusintha dongosolo lomwe lilipo, tinalemba ndondomeko yaukadaulo kuti tipeze yankho pamsika ndipo tidafunsa makampani angapo akuluakulu omwe adangopanga kupanga makina a SCADA.
Mayankho oyamba kwambiri kuchokera kwa iwo adawonetsa kuti atsogoleri amsika owunikira machitidwe amayang'anira makamaka akupitilizabe kugwira ntchito pa maseva a hardware, ngakhale kuti njira yosamukira kumitambo mu gawo ili yayamba kale. Ponena za kusunga makina enieni, palibe amene adathandizira izi. Komanso, panali kumverera kuti palibe aliyense wa otukula omwe amawonekera pamsika ngakhale adawonetsa kumvetsetsa kufunikira kwa redundancy: "mtambo sukugwa" ndilo yankho lodziwika bwino. M'malo mwake, tinapatsidwa kuti tiyike kuwunika kwa data center mumtambo womwe uli pamalo omwewo.
Apa tikuyenera kusiyanitsa pang'ono posankha kontrakitala. Mtengo, ndithudi, umakhala wofunika, koma panthawi iliyonse yopereka chithandizo cha polojekiti yovuta, panthawi yokambirana ndi ogulitsa, mumayamba kumva kuti ndi ndani mwa omwe ali ndi chidwi ndi omwe angathe kuigwiritsa ntchito.
Izi zimawonekera makamaka pama projekiti ovuta.
Kutengera mtundu wa kumveketsa mafunso kuzinthu zaukadaulo, makontrakitala amatha kugawidwa kukhala omwe akufuna kugulitsa basi (kukakamiza kokhazikika kwa manejala wogulitsa kumamveka) ndi omwe akufuna kupanga chinthu, atamva ndikumvetsetsa kasitomala, kupanga zolimbikitsa. zosintha zaukadaulo ngakhale chisankho chomaliza chisanachitike (ngakhale chiwopsezo chowongolera luso la munthu wina ndikutaya ndalama), pamapeto pake amakhala okonzeka kuvomereza zovuta zaukadaulo ndikupanga chinthu chabwino.
Zonsezi zidatipangitsa kutchera khutu kwa wopanga mapulogalamu am'deralo - gulu lamakampani la Sunline, lomwe lidayankha zofunikira zathu nthawi yomweyo ndipo linali lokonzeka kukwaniritsa zofunikira zonse zokhudzana ndi BMS yatsopano.
Ngozi
Pomwe osewera akuluwa amayesa kumvetsetsa zomwe timafuna ndipo amalemberana nafe momasuka okhudzana ndi akatswiri odziwa kugulitsa asanagulitse, wopanga zida zakomweko adakonza msonkhano muofesi yathu ndi gulu lake laukadaulo. Pamsonkhanowu, kontrakitala adawonetsanso chikhumbo chake chotenga nawo gawo pantchitoyo ndipo, chofunika kwambiri, adalongosola momwe dongosolo lofunikira lidzagwiritsire ntchito.
Msonkhano usanachitike, tidawona zoopsa ziwiri zogwira ntchito ndi gulu lomwe lilibe ndalama za kampani yayikulu yadziko kapena yapadziko lonse kumbuyo kwake:
- Akatswiri amatha kuganiza mopambanitsa luso lawo ndipo, chifukwa chake, amangolephera kupirira; mwachitsanzo, adzagwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu ovuta kapena kupanga ma algorithms osatheka kusungitsa.
- Ntchitoyo ikamalizidwa, gulu la polojekiti likhoza kutha ndipo, chifukwa chake, chithandizo chamankhwala chidzakhala pachiwopsezo.
Kuti tichepetse ngozizi, tidayitanira akatswiri athu azachitukuko kumsonkhano. Ogwira ntchito omwe angakhale a kontrakitala adafunsidwa mozama za zomwe dongosololi likutengera, momwe kugawira ntchito kumakonzedweratu, ndi zina zomwe ife, monga opareshoni, tilibe luso lokwanira.
Chigamulocho chinali chabwino: kamangidwe ka nsanja ya BMS yomwe ilipo ndi yamakono, yosavuta komanso yodalirika, ikhoza kukonzedwa bwino, ndondomeko yowonongeka ndi yogwirizanitsa ndi yomveka komanso yotheka.
Chiwopsezo choyamba chidachitika. Chachiwiri sichinaphatikizidwe atalandira chitsimikiziro kuchokera kwa kontrakitala kuti anali okonzeka kusamutsa gwero lachidziwitso cha dongosolo ndi zolemba kwa ife, komanso posankha chinenero cha pulogalamu ya Python, chomwe chinali chodziwika bwino kwa akatswiri athu. Izi zidatitsimikizira mwayi woti tisunge dongosololi patokha popanda zovuta komanso nthawi yayitali yophunzitsa ogwira ntchito ngati kampani yachitukuko ikuchoka pamsika.
Ubwino wowonjezera wa nsanjayo ndikuti idakhazikitsidwa muzotengera za Docker: kernel, mawonekedwe awebusayiti ndi ntchito ya database yazinthu pamalo ano. Njirayi imapereka zabwino zambiri, kuphatikizapo zoikidwiratu zokonzedweratu za liwiro lapamwamba kwambiri la kutumizira yankho poyerekeza ndi "classic" ndi kuwonjezera kosavuta kwa zipangizo zatsopano ku dongosolo. Mfundo ya "zonse pamodzi" imathandizira kukhazikitsa dongosolo momwe mungathere: ingotsegulani makinawo ndipo mutha kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yomweyo.
Ndi yankho ili, ndikosavuta kupanga makope a dongosololi, ndipo mutha kuwongolera ndikukhazikitsa zosintha pamalo osiyana, osaletsa kugwiritsa ntchito yankho lonse.
Zowopsa zonsezi zitachepetsedwa, kontrakitala adapereka CP. Zinakhudza magawo onse ofunika kwambiri a dongosolo la BMS kwa ife.
Kusungitsa
Dongosolo latsopano la BMS lidayenera kukhala mumtambo, pamakina enieni.
Palibe ma hardware, ma seva ndi zovuta zonse ndi zoopsa zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi chitsanzo chotumizira ichi - njira yothetsera mtambo inatilola kuti tiwachotse kwamuyaya. Zinasankhidwa kuti dongosololi lidzagwire ntchito mumtambo wathu pazigawo ziwiri za data ku St. Petersburg ndi Moscow. Awa ndi machitidwe awiri ogwira ntchito mokwanira omwe akugwira ntchito moyimilira yokhazikika ndikupeza akatswiri onse ovomerezeka.
Machitidwe awiriwa amatsimikizirana wina ndi mzake, kupereka zonse zosungira mphamvu zamakompyuta ndi njira zotumizira deta. Njira zowonjezera zachitetezo zakonzedwanso, kuphatikiza zosunga zobwezeretsera za data ndi ma tchanelo, makina, makina enieni nthawi zonse, ndi zosunga zobwezeretsera zapadera kamodzi pamwezi (chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera ndi kusanthula).
Dziwani kuti redundancy ngati njira yothetsera BMS idapangidwa makamaka kuti tipemphe. Chiwembu chosungitsa pachokha chinkawoneka chonchi:
thandizo
Mfundo yofunika kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito bwino yankho la BMS ndi thandizo laukadaulo.
Chilichonse ndi chophweka pano: dongosolo latsopano lingatiwonongere ma ruble 35 malinga ndi chizindikiro ichi. pamwezi kwa SLA "yankho mkati mwa maola 000", ndiko kuti, 8 x 35 / 000 = $12 pachaka. Chaka choyamba ndi chaulere.
Poyerekeza, kusunga BMS yakale kuchokera kwa wogulitsa kumawononga $ 18 pachaka ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa chipangizo chilichonse chatsopano chowonjezeredwa! Nthawi yomweyo, kampaniyo sinapereke manejala wodzipatulira; kuyanjana konse kunachitika kudzera kwa manejala wamalonda yemwe ali ndi chidwi ndi ife monga ogula omwe akugogomezera molingana ndi zopempha.
Pandalama zochepa, tidalandira chithandizo chonse chazinthu, ndi woyang'anira akaunti yemwe angatenge nawo gawo pakupanga zinthu, ndi malo amodzi olowera, ndi zina zambiri. Thandizo linakhala losinthika kwambiri - chifukwa cha mwayi wopita kwa omanga kuti asinthe mwachangu mbali iliyonse ya dongosolo, kuphatikiza kudzera pa API, ndi zina zotero.
Zosintha
Malinga ndi CP yomwe ikufunsidwa mu BMS yatsopano, zosintha zonse zikuphatikizidwa pamtengo wothandizira, i.e. safuna ndalama zowonjezera. Kupatulapo ndi chitukuko cha ntchito zowonjezera kuposa zomwe zafotokozedwa muzolemba zamakono.
Dongosolo lakale linkafunikira kulipira pazosintha zonse za firmware (monga Java) ndi kukonza zolakwika. Zinali zosatheka kukana izi; pakalibe zosintha, dongosolo lonse "lidatsika" chifukwa chamitundu yakale yazigawo zamkati.
Ndipo, ndithudi, sikunali kotheka kusintha pulogalamuyo popanda kugula phukusi lothandizira.
Njira yosinthika
Chofunikira china chofunikira chinali ndi mawonekedwe. Tinkafuna kupereka mwayi wopezeka pa intaneti kuchokera kulikonse, popanda kukhalapo kwa injiniya pamalo a data center. Kuonjezera apo, tinayesetsa kupanga mawonekedwe amoyo kuti mphamvu za zomangamanga zikhale zomveka bwino kwa mainjiniya omwe ali pantchito.
Komanso mu dongosolo latsopano kunali koyenera kupereka chithandizo cha mafomu owerengera ntchito ya masensa pafupifupi mu machitidwe a uinjiniya - mwachitsanzo, pakugawa koyenera kwa mphamvu yamagetsi pazida za zida. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kukhala ndi machitidwe onse anthawi zonse a masamu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazizindikiro zama sensor.
Kenako, kupeza SQL Nawonso achichepere ankafunika ndi luso kutengerapo deta zofunika pa ntchito zipangizo - kutanthauza, mbiri zonse kuyang'anira zipangizo zikwi ziwiri ndi zikwi ziwiri masensa pafupifupi kupanga pafupifupi 20 zikwi zosiyanasiyana.
Gawo lowerengera zida za rack zidafunikiranso, kupereka chiwonetsero chazithunzi zamakonzedwe a zida mugawo lililonse ndikuwerengera kulemera kwa hardware, kusunga laibulale ya zida ndi chidziwitso chatsatanetsatane cha chinthu chilichonse.
Kuvomereza zaukadaulo ndi kusaina mgwirizano
Panthawi yomwe kunali kofunikira kuti tiyambe kugwira ntchito pa dongosolo latsopanoli, makalata ndi makampani "akuluakulu" anali adakali kutali kwambiri ndi kukambirana za mtengo wa malingaliro awo, kotero ife tinayerekezera CP yomwe inalandira ndi mtengo wokonzanso BMS yakale (onani. ), ndipo zotsatira zake zidakhala zowoneka bwino pamtengo ndikukwaniritsa zomwe tikufuna.
Chisankho chapangidwa.
Atasankha kontrakitala, maloya adayamba kupanga mgwirizano, ndipo magulu aukadaulo a mbali zonse ziwiri adayamba kupukuta ukadaulo. Monga mukudziwira, tsatanetsatane komanso luso laukadaulo ndilo maziko a chipambano cha ntchito iliyonse. Kuchulukirachulukira komwe kuli muukadaulo, zokhumudwitsa zimachepera monga "koma izi sizomwe timafuna."
Ndipereka zitsanzo ziwiri za mulingo wa tsatanetsatane wa zofunikira pazofunikira zaukadaulo:
- Malo opangira ma data omwe ali pantchito amapatsidwa mphamvu zowonjezera zida zatsopano ku BMS, nthawi zambiri izi ndi ma PDU. Mu BMS yakale, iyi inali mlingo wa "woyang'anira", womwe unalolanso kusintha kusintha kwa zipangizo zonse, ndipo kunali kosatheka kulekanitsa ntchito. Izi sizinatikomere. M'mawonekedwe oyambirira a nsanja yatsopanoyi, ndondomekoyi inali yofanana. Nthawi yomweyo tidawonetsa m'mawu ofotokozera kuti tikufuna kulekanitsa maudindowa: wogwira ntchito wovomerezeka yekha ndiye ayenera kusintha zosintha, koma omwe ali pantchito apitirizebe kuwonjezera zida. Ndondomekoyi idavomerezedwa kuti ichitike.
- Mu BMS iliyonse yokhazikika pali magulu atatu azidziwitso: CHOFIIRA - chiyenera kuyankhidwa nthawi yomweyo, YELLOW - ikhoza kuwonedwa, BLUE - "Zambiri". Takhala tikugwiritsa ntchito zidziwitso za buluu kuti tiwunikire pamene magawo abizinesi apyola, monga rack yamakasitomala yopitilira malire ake. Zidziwitso zamtunduwu mwa ife zidapangidwa kwa oyang'anira ndipo sizinali zokondweretsa ntchito yantchito, koma mu BMS yakale nthawi zonse imatseka mndandanda wazomwe zikuchitika ndikusokoneza ntchito yogwira ntchito. Tidawona kuti mathalauza azidziwitso atha kukhala bwino ndikusunga, komabe, ukadaulo udawonetsa kuti zidziwitso za "buluu" ziyenera, popanda kusokoneza oyang'anira ntchito, "kutsanulira" mwakachetechete m'gawo lina, pomwe zidzakambidwa ndi akatswiri azamalonda.
Ndi tsatanetsatane wofananira, mawonekedwe opangira ma graph ndi kupanga malipoti, mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe, mndandanda wa zida zomwe zimayenera kuyang'aniridwa, ndi zina zambiri zidaperekedwa.
Imeneyi inali ntchito yolenga yowona ya magulu atatu ogwira ntchito - ntchito yamakasitomala, yomwe inanena zofunikira zake ndi zikhalidwe; akatswiri aluso mbali zonse ziwiri, omwe ntchito yawo inali yosintha zinthu izi kukhala zolemba zaukadaulo; magulu a makontrakitala opanga mapulogalamu omwe adakwaniritsa zofunikira za kasitomala molingana ndi zolemba zaukadaulo zomwe zidapangidwa ... Chifukwa chake, tidasintha zina mwazofunikira zathu kuti zigwirizane ndi magwiridwe antchito a nsanja yomwe ilipo, ndipo kontrakitala adachita kuti atiwonjezerepo kanthu.
Ntchito yofanana ya machitidwe awiri
Yakwana nthawi yokhazikitsa. M'malo mwake, izi zikutanthauza kuti timapereka mwayi kwa kontrakitala kuti agwiritse ntchito mawonekedwe a BMS mumtambo wathu wapamtima ndikupereka mwayi wofikira pa netiweki ku zida zonse zomwe zimafunikira kuwunikira.
Komabe, dongosolo latsopanoli linali lisanakonzekere kugwira ntchito. Panthawiyi, kunali kofunikira kuti tipitirize kuyang'anira machitidwe akale komanso panthawi imodzimodziyo kupereka mwayi kwa zipangizo zamakono. Sizingatheke kumanga bwino dongosolo popanda kuwona zipangizo mmenemo, zomwe sizingalepheretse kuyang'anira ndi dongosolo lakale.
Kaya zidazo zitha kupirira kufunsidwa nthawi imodzi ndi machitidwe awiri sizinali zoonekeratu popanda kuyesa kwenikweni. Panali kuthekera kuti kuvotera kawiri panthawi imodzi kungayambitse kukana kawirikawiri kuyankha kuchokera ku zipangizo ndipo tidzalandira zolakwika zambiri zokhudzana ndi kusapezeka kwa zipangizo, zomwe zidzalepheretsa kugwira ntchito kwa dongosolo lakale loyang'anira.
Dipatimenti ya netiweki idayendetsa njira zenizeni kuchokera pamtundu wa BMS yatsopano yomwe idayikidwa mumtambo kupita ku zida, ndipo tidapeza zotsatira:
- zida zolumikizidwa kudzera pa protocol ya SNMP sizimalumikizidwa konse chifukwa chopempha nthawi imodzi,
- zida zolumikizidwa kudzera pazipata pogwiritsa ntchito ma protocol a modbas-TCP zinali ndi zovuta zomwe zidathetsedwa pochepetsa mwanzeru ma frequency awo oponya voti.
Ndiyeno tinayamba kuona momwe dongosolo latsopano likupangidwira pamaso pathu, zida zomwe timazidziwa kale zidawonekera mmenemo, koma mu mawonekedwe osiyana - osavuta, ofulumira, opezeka ngakhale pafoni.
Tidzakuuzani zomwe zinachitika kumapeto kwa gawo lachitatu la nkhani yathu.
Source: www.habr.com