Takambirana m'nkhani zapitazi za , ΠΈ , tidzapitiriza kusonkhanitsa zambiri zokhudza machitidwe ndi mautumiki ofunikira omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa ma OS awa.
M'malo mwake, nkhaniyi idakhala yongoyerekeza. Vuto ndiloti palibe chatsopano komanso choyambirira mu machitidwe a "nyumba". Ndipo kuti ndilembenso zomwezo kwa nthawi zana, popanda kuwonjezera china chatsopano, sindikuwona mfundo. Kotero padzakhala msonkhano ndi kusanthula deta zokhudzana ndi machitidwe olowa m'malo.
Kuphatikizanso, kokha Viola, Astra ΠΈ Rosa. At Red OS pali (odzichepetsa kwambiri chifukwa cha kukoma kwanga). Komanso, zolemba za Rosa mu Wiki iyi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zachikale komanso zachikale, za 2013-2014 komanso zokhudzana ndi magawo akale ... Koma machitidwe ena a Wiki, ganizirani kuti kulibe konse. Chifukwa chake, pazogawira zomwe zilibe KB kapena Wiki, tidzaganiza kuti muyenera kuyang'ana mu Wiki kapena KB ya kugawa kwawo kwa makolo. Za ROSE CentOS (Chipewa Chofiira) Astra - Debian Yerengani - Gentoo, Red OS - Chipewa Chofiira, AlterOS - OpenSUSE, Mzere CentOS (Chipewa Chofiira) Ulyanovsk.BSD - FreeBSD, Chithunzi cha QP OC - chitukuko chapakhomo kwathunthu (malinga ndi zitsimikizo za omwe adazilenga, iyi si Linux).
Komanso, pakadali pano, ndidumpha mfundo yoti ndisiye zida zonse kutengera Microsoft, ndikuyamba ndi zoyambira - DNS, Directory Service, Proxy Server. Kenako padzakhala machitidwe ndi mautumiki omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ogwiritsa ntchito, monga seva yamakalata, ofesi, macheza, ndi zina.
1. Zomangamanga
1.1.DNS
DNS-server imaperekedwa mu machitidwe onse a "nyumba" mu mawonekedwe BIND9. Palibe chatsopano. Ndipo palibe chovuta pakukhazikitsa. Kuwerengetsera kokha komwe kulibe m'nkhokwe ya BIND.
DDNS - zovuta pang'ono, komanso palibe chachilendo apa.
ROSA's Wiki ili ndi izi , zomwe ziribe kanthu kochita ndi mkhalidwe weniweni wa zochitika. Chifukwa chake tidzaganiza kuti malangizo okhazikitsa DDNS a ROSA ayenera kuyang'aniridwa ngati akugwirizana ndi CentOS.
1.2. DHCP
Apanso, palibe chatsopano, palibe chovuta.
1.3. Directory Service
1.3.1. Astra Linux Directory (ALD)
Sizingatheke kuphatikiza makina a Microsft Windows OS kudera la ALD pogwiritsa ntchito zida zokhazikika za Microsft Windows OS.
Nthawi yomweyo, monga kasitomala wa AD, Astra imalowetsedwa mu domain kwenikweni .
Komanso, monga woyang'anira dera ku Astra Linux akhoza kuchitapo kanthu SAMBA 4. Uku sikusinthidwa kwa Astra, iyi ndi SAMDA mu mawonekedwe ake oyambirira. .
1.3.2.ED OS bungwe la IPA domain, momwe chilichonse chikufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane.
1.3.3. Chithunzi cha ROSAPali zotchulidwa pa intaneti kuti ROSA ili ndi chitukuko chake cha ROSA Directory Server. Wiki yawo yatero pa akaunti iyi. Yalembedwa pa February 28, 2013. Palinso zotchulidwa za chida chosangalatsa cha Rosa Server Setup. Ndipo ndinayamba kukumba, ndizosangalatsa kukhudza.
Mwambiri, pakutulutsidwa kwa R7, zonsezi zidadulidwa. Monga ndikumvetsetsa, izi zidachitika chifukwa Rosa adamangidwanso kutengera CentOS m'malo mwa Mandriva, ndipo Directory yawo idakhazikitsidwa. Mandriva Directory Server, ndipo sizinakwane pa CentOS.
Chifukwa chake, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi machitidwe ena onse, ROSE ikhoza kukhazikitsidwa SAMBA, ndikugwiritsa ntchito ngati woyang'anira madambwe.
1.3.4. Alt FreeIPA
Pafupifupi machitidwe onse "apakhomo" pamsika amatha kugwira ntchito ngati woyang'anira dera kutengera SAMBA. Koma SAMBA ili ndi malire akulu pogwira ntchito ndi makasitomala a Windows:
Samba AD DC imagwira ntchito pamlingo wa Windows 2008 R2 domain controller. Mutha kuyiyika mu Windows 2012 domain ngati kasitomala, koma osati monga woyang'anira madambwe.
Chifukwa chake, pakugwira ntchito kwanthawi zonse kwa ma seva a Windows ndi malo ogwirira ntchito, ngati tikuzifuna, ndipo tikuzifuna, popeza pali mapulogalamu omwe sangagwire ntchito pansi pa Linux (maphukusi omwewo a CAD kapena mapulogalamu akale a zida zomwe sizimachita chilichonse, kupatula Kupambana XP, n'kosatheka kukhazikitsa), tiyenera atumiza ankalamulira zochokera Windows kapena UfuluIPA. Kutumiza FreeIPA ndizovuta kwambiri, pomwe tsamba lokhazikitsidwa ndi Windows limayikidwa m'maola angapo. Kwa ine, mtengo wa zero nthawi, chifukwa ndili ndi Windows domain. Nthawi yomweyo, Linux imatha kulowa pogwiritsa ntchito AD. Mwachilungamo, ndikuwona kuti Windows ikhoza kulowa kudzera pa FreeIPA.
Umu ndi momwe ndimabweretsera chifukwa chake sindikufuna kusiya olamulira a Microsoft Windows-based domain. Ndili nazo kale. Sindikuwona chifukwa chowonongera nthawi yambiri ndikuyesanso owongolera omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azitha kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a Windows kuti agwire ntchito ndi mafayilo amawu pamakina a Linux. Inde, IPA ili ndi intaneti, koma izi sizisintha zinthu. (Linuxoids angandipatseko gawo la mawu awa, koma monga woyang'anira Windows yemwe adagwira ntchito ndi Linux, ndikudziwa zomwe ndikunena. Sindikumvetsa momwe mungakonde kukumba m'malemba, kuwerenga zikwizikwi ya mizere yamakhodi , kuopa kusindikizidwa pamene mukupanga kusintha. Pomwe mawonekedwe azithunzi omwe amakuwonetsani chilichonse, mwachangu, fotokozani, ingodinani batani ndikuyika magawo ofunikira. Ndizo zonse. Ndalankhula. Kuwombera!)
Kuti mwina mwake, za kutumiza seva ya IPA. Mwadzidzidzi wina adzakhala wothandiza.
1.4. Seva ya proxy
Sikwidi angapezeke mu nkhokwe pafupifupi onse "zapakhomo" opaleshoni kachitidwe. Sindikudziwa za aliyense, koma ndatumiza Squid kwa nthawi yayitali. Ndimakonda.
ROSA analibe nkhani ngati imeneyi mu Wiki. Koma pali mabuku ambiri okhudza kukonza Squiid pa intaneti. Ndipo kukhazikitsidwa kumasiyana kokha mu lamulo lokhazikitsa kwa woyang'anira phukusi ndipo, mwina, komwe kuli mafayilo osintha.
1.5. Kuyang'anira
Zabbix ali mu nkhokwe Astra, ROSA, Viola, Red OS. Sipadzakhala zovuta ndi izi, mudzangofunika kutumiza zidziwitso zonse zofunika kuchokera ku seva yazinthu, ndikuzilowetsa mu seva yatsopano. Inde, tidzataya mbiriyakale, koma izi sizowopsa nthawi zambiri. Zikadakhala kuti izi ndizovuta, mutha kusiya ma seva onse akuyenda mpaka zomwe zili pa seva yakale zitatha ndipo sizikufunikanso. Ndipo mphindi imodzi. , kutengera zomwe, titha kunena kuti Maria DB adzasankhidwa ndipo adzachotsedwa m'malo osungiramo machitidwe onse "apakhomo".
2.User oriented system
2.1. Monga tafotokozera mu , tili ndi Firebird 1.5 dongosolo lotchedwa TEKTON limagwira ntchito. Chifukwa chake, pakulowa m'malo, bizinesi iyi iyenera kusamutsidwa ku malo atsopano. Firebird ili ndi mitundu ya Linux, koma mtundu 1.5 suli m'malo osungira a "nyumba" OSes. Ndipo palibe njira yosinthira ku mtundu wina wamtsogolo, popeza pakuphatikizika kwa mitundu 1 ndi 2 ya Firebird, mfundo yoyendetsera njira zosungidwa zasintha, ndipo palibe amene angawalembenso ... ndipo sangathe. ku ... ndipo palibe chifukwa, popeza dongosololi liyenera kusinthidwa posachedwa 1s. Chifukwa chake "kwanthawi yoyamba" zitha kutsitsa phukusi ndikuyiyika osati kuchokera kunkhokwe.
2.2. Electronic reporting system OASIS sichigwira ntchito pa Linux. Komanso, OASIS sichimayendera china chilichonse kupatula MSSQL Server. Chifukwa chake, timafunikira makina enieni okhala ndi Windows ndi MSSQL Server. Mtundu wa Express ukhala wokwanira, popeza database ndi yaying'ono. Koma simungachoke pa izi, popeza kufotokozera kwa FIU ndi msonkho kumachokera pa izi.
2.3. Monga seva yapaintaneti MS IIS, zachidziwikire, sizigwira ntchito, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zikuphatikizidwa m'malo osungira Apache kapena Nginx (zotsirizirazi zili m'nkhokwe za ROSA, Alt, Calculate).
Ndi iti yabwino? Mutha kuzolowerana nazo comrade
Lumikizani ku Wiki:
pali malamulo oyika okha, muyenera kukonza molingana ndi zolemba zina. Mwachitsanzo, . Kapena mwina .
2.4. Macheza akampani ndi chilolezo kudzera mu AD. OpenFire kapena ejabberd. Zosavuta komanso zaulere.
Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chilichonse ngati kasitomala macheza, kuchokera Pidgin ΠΈ Miranda, zomwe zili m'misonkhano ya OS, ndikumaliza ndi china chake chodzilemba chokha.
2.5. Seva ya imelo. Monga ndanena mobwerezabwereza, ndimakonda Zimbra. Itha kutumizidwa pamaziko a RELS.
Palinso phukusi m'malo osungirako OS postfix/exim/dovecot.
Zokhudza kukhazikitsidwa kwa Rosa. Wiki yawo yatero , ya February 28, 2013. Vuto lokhalo ndiloti limafotokoza njira yogwiritsira ntchito RSS (ROSA Server Setup), yomwe, monga ndanenera pamwambapa, inachotsedwa pamtundu wamakono wa kugawa. Chifukwa chake tsopano mutha kugwiritsa ntchito malangizo pakukhazikitsa seva yamakalata popanda kumangirizidwa ku OS. Mwachitsanzo, .
Mutha kuganiziranso za kusankha kwa pulogalamu yaumwini mu mawonekedwe a "MyOffice seva"kapena"CommuniGate Pro". Koma sindimakonda njira imeneyi. Osachepera chifukwa chalipidwa. Kumbali inayi, chithandizo ndi chabwino, ndi chitsimikizo. Koma popeza kuti pafupifupi olamulira onse amatha kutsimikizira thanzi la seva yamakalata, kufunikira kwa chithandizo ndikokayikitsa. Ndipo ngati CommuniGate ndi pulogalamu yotsimikiziridwa, ndiye kuti MyOffice idapangidwa mu 2014, ndipo ine ndekha ndili ndi nkhawa za kuchuluka kwa nsikidzi zomwe zitha kugwidwabe mudongosolo lino. Ndi zonsezi, mtengo wazinthu zonsezi, m'malingaliro mwanga, ndi wokwera kwambiri.
2.6. Zosunga m'magawo operekedwa Chipinda. Kukonda chilombochi ndizovuta kwambiri. Pali zida zambiri pankhaniyi, komabe ndi ntchito yonse. Koma Bacula ndi chida champhamvu komanso chothandiza kwambiri pamapulatifomu ambiri.
Poganizira kuti Alt ndi mnzake wovomerezeka wa Bacula ku Russia, titha kuyembekezera kuti mitundu yatsopano yogawayi idzawonekera m'malo awo.
2.7. pa mail kasitomala Thunderbird, yoperekedwa kuchokera ku machitidwe onse a "nyumba", sindinganene kalikonse.
2.8. Za asakatuli Firefox ya Mozilla, yoperekedwa mu machitidwe onse a "pakhomo" ndi Yandex.Browser, yomwe ikhoza kukhazikitsidwa pa machitidwe onse "apakhomo", ndidzakhalanso chete.
2.9. Office suite. zikuphatikizidwa mu machitidwe onse "apakhomo". Ili ndi njira ziwiri zolipira - izi ndi ""Ndipo"". P-7 ili ndi mtundu woyeserera wa zida zogawa "kuyesera". Mutha . Koma "MyOffice", ndingoyisiya apa ΠΈ (Ndikukulangizani kuti mupereke chidwi chapadera ku ndemanga).
2.10. 1C: NTCHITO. Mwachitsanzo,
Wiki Astra ali za kukhazikitsa 1c onse kasitomala ndi magawo a seva.
ROSA Wiki ili ndi . Ndizodabwitsa kuti palibe nkhani yokonza seva, popeza esque imakwera pa CentOS. Mwachitsanzo, apa .
Alt Wiki ili ndi unsembe ndi kasinthidwe, amene alinso zothandiza maulalo.
3. Kutsiliza
Chabwino, ndinganene chiyani nditaphunzira zambiri zokhudzana ndi kulowetsa m'malo? Zonsezi ndi zotukwana. Izi sizimathetsa kutulutsa kunja, sizimaletsa kudalira opanga akunja. Zimangolowetsa m'malo mwa wina, kukulolani kuti musadyetse amalume akunja, koma athu, apakhomo. Misonkho yogulitsa idzapita ku chuma cha boma, izi ndizowonjezera. Koma ndalama zambiri zidzatha m'manja mwa "amalume ndi azakhali" olemera kale, ndipo sizingafikire ndalama zodalirika, izi ndizochepa. Mabizinesi aliwonse ngati "New Cloud Technologies" omwe amalengeza kuti "cholinga chawo sikulemera pa pulogalamu yolowa m'malo ..." amatsata cholinga chomwechi, apo ayi sipakanakhala zonena zotere, sipangakhale milandu m'makhothi. ndi mawu ku Federal Antimonopoly Service. Sakanatenga chidutswa cha LibreOffice ndikuchipentanso pansi pa "OwnOffice".
Kutenga mankhwala aulere, opangidwa kale ndi winawake, malizitsani pang'ono ndikugulitsa pansi pazithunzi zanu, mwa lingaliro langa, osachepera pang'ono nae ... chinyengo. Ayi, iwo, ndithudi, anapanga machitidwe otetezera, kubisa kulipo, ndizo zonse, anabweretsa chirichonse pansi pa chiphaso cha FSTEC ... Koma izi sizinali zopangidwa ndi iwo. Kupatula QP OS, Cryptosoft idachita zonse palokha. Ndipo chifukwa cha ichi, iwo adzakhala ndi mavuto ngakhale, ndi kusowa kwa mapulogalamu a Os awo, nsikidzi kuti sanagwidwe, etc. ndi zina zotero. Koma iwo anatero. Alt anachita pamaso pa hype ndi kulowetsa m'malo, iwonso ndi aakulu, sanachite chifukwa cha phindu la kanthaΕ΅i, mwachikhulupiriro chabwino, chifukwa adapeza ndalama pa zomwe sizinali mtsinje waukulu.
Sikuti ndimalemba mawu oti "zapakhomo" m'mawu obwereza, popeza pali machitidwe amodzi kapena awiri apakhomo. Pali makina ogwiritsira ntchito amodzi okha. Ndi mtundu wanji wa "kulowetsa m'malo" womwe tikunena ukadali chinsinsi.
Ayi, kawirikawiri, ngati mukufunadi ndikugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yambiri ndi khama, ndiye kuti mukhoza kukweza zowonongeka ndi ntchito zambiri pa Linux. Koma chifukwa cha izi muyenera kuyambiranso kapena kusintha windows oyang'anira, ndikuwapangitsa kukhala ofiira kukhala mafayilo amtundu wa pulogalamu. Koma 90% ya machitidwewa sadzakhala apakhomo, adzakhala aulere ndipo, nthawi zina, amapaka utoto pang'ono. Ndi mapepala otopetsa. Nthawi zambiri, kukangana konseku kumawoneka ngati zamkhutu zodula. Ngati ndiye kunena chiyani za ife? Njere yomveka mu pulogalamu yonseyi inatha pa siteji ya lingaliro, pamene adanenedwa kuti chinsinsi chiyenera kusamutsidwa ku machitidwe athu otetezeka kuti "mdani asadziwe kanthu." Ndipo pamapeto pake, zidapangitsa kuti malingaliro onse abwinobwino atulutsidwe mwa ife. Chabwino, bizinesi m'dziko lathu imamangidwa motere - phindu lalikulu pamtengo wocheperako.
4. Zoyenera kuchita?
Lirani ndi jekeseni ... Pali lamulo - muyenera kuchita izo, mwinamwake iwo adzakulangani inu. Momwe adzalangidwira sizikudziwika. Vuto ndiloti palibe amene akudziwa momwe zotsatira za pulogalamu yolowa m'malo zidzayang'aniridwa, kuphatikizapo omwe adzayang'ane. Palibe chidziwitso pakutha kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu kuchokera ku nkhokwe za OS. Kodi angagwiritsidwe ntchito? Ndi zoletsedwa? Aliyense amagwiritsa - ndiye mungathe? Koma siziri mu kaundula wa Unduna wa Telecom ndi Mass Communications - kotero ndizosatheka? Palibe mayankho a mafunsowa. Koma wina adanenanso kuti akugwiritsa ntchito LibreOffice yomweyo, yomwe ndi gawo la OS. Kwerani. Nanga bwanji Zabbix? Zomwe zikuphatikizidwa m'malo osungirako - mutha, koma ngati mutsitsa mtundu womwewo kuchokera kwa akuluakulu - simungathe? Ndi zina zotero. ndi zina zotero. Ndipo logic ili kuti apa?
Zotsatira zake, zimangokhala kubweretsa gawo la mapulogalamu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku zizindikiro zokhazikitsidwa, kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri pogula ndi kuthandizira, ndikuphunzitsa antchito kuti azigwira ntchito ndi mapulogalamu atsopano kwa iwo. Pali lingaliro lakuti "kuopsa kwa malamulo a ku Russia kumalipidwa ndi chisankho cha kukhazikitsa kwawo", koma kuyembekezera ichi ndi chinthu choterocho ...
5.PS:
Pamene ndinali kulemba nkhani zimenezi, ndinafunika kufufuza zambiri mwakuti ndinadabwa kuti ndinazisunga bwanji zonsezo mβmutu mwanga. Ndipo ndine wokondwa kuti mpambo wa nkhanizi watha. Panali nkhani yokha yokhudzana ndi QP OC, yomwe ndinalonjeza kuti ndilembera woimira wawo kuti ndipeze mwayi wokhudza kugawa. Mwina pambuyo pake padzakhala chinanso chokhudza chitsulo monga gawo lolowa m'malo momwemo, koma mpaka pano iyi ndi foloko pamadzi.
Ndikuyembekeza kuti zomwe ndasonkhanitsa ndikusanthula ndi ine zithandiza wina pa ntchito yovuta yosinthira ku mapulogalamu "zapakhomo". Zikomo nonse ndikuwonaninso.
Source: www.habr.com