Khadi langa la bizinesi likuyenda ndi Linux

Kumasulira kwa nkhani kuchokera positi blog injiniya George Hilliard

Zotheka

Ndine injiniya wamakina ophatikizidwa. Mu nthawi yanga yaulere, nthawi zambiri ndimayang'ana chinachake chomwe chingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga machitidwe amtsogolo, kapena chinachake kuchokera ku zofuna zanga.

Malo amodzi otere ndi makompyuta otsika mtengo omwe amatha kuyendetsa Linux, ndipo otsika mtengo amakhala abwinoko. Kotero ine ndinakumba dzenje lakuya la akalulu la mapurosesa osadziwika bwino.

Ndinaganiza, "Mapurosesa awa ndi otchipa kwambiri kotero kuti amatha kuperekedwa kwaulere." Ndipo patapita nthawi, lingaliro linabwera kwa ine kuti ndipange khadi lopanda kanthu la Linux mu mawonekedwe a khadi la bizinesi.

Nditangoganizira zimenezi, ndinaona kuti ndi chinthu chabwino kwambiri kuchita. Ndatero kale taona zamagetsi makhadi a bizinesi mpaka izo, ndipo anali ndi maluso osiyanasiyana osangalatsa, monga kutsanzira makadi akung'anima, mababu akuthwanima, kapenanso kutumiza ma data opanda zingwe. Komabe, sindinawone makhadi abizinesi okhala ndi chithandizo cha Linux.

Choncho ndinadzipanga ndekha.

Ili ndiye mtundu womalizidwa wamankhwala. Kompyuta yaying'ono ya ARM yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mtundu wanga wa Linux womangidwa ndi Buildroot.

Ili ndi doko la USB pakona. Ngati mungalumikizane ndi kompyuta, imayambira pafupifupi masekondi 6 ndipo imawoneka ngati flash card ndi doko lachinsinsi lomwe mungalowe mu chipolopolo cha khadi. Pa flash drive ndi README wapamwamba, kope la pitilizani wanga ndi angapo zithunzi za ine. Chipolopolocho chili ndi masewera angapo, akale a Unix ngati mwayi komanso wankhanza, mtundu wawung'ono wamasewera 2048 ndi womasulira wa MicroPython.

Zonsezi zimachitika pogwiritsa ntchito kachipangizo kakang'ono kwambiri ka 8 MB. Bootloader imalowa mu 256 KB, kernel imatenga 1,6 MB, ndipo mizu yonse ya fayilo imatenga 2,4 MB. Chifukwa chake, pali malo ambiri otsala amtundu wa flash drive. Palinso buku lanyumba lomwe limalembedwa ngati wina achita chilichonse chomwe akufuna kusunga. Izi zonse zimasungidwanso pa flash chip.

Chipangizo chonsecho chimawononga ndalama zosakwana $3. Ndi zotsika mtengo zokwanira kupereka. Ngati munalandira chipangizo choterocho kuchokera kwa ine, zikutanthauza kuti mwachiwonekere ndikuyesera kukusangalatsani.

Kupanga ndi kumanga

Ndinapanga ndikusonkhanitsa zonse ndekha. Ndi ntchito yanga ndipo ndimakonda, ndipo zovuta zambiri zakhala zotsika mtengo zokwanira pamasewerawa.

Kusankhidwa kwa purosesa kunali chisankho chofunikira kwambiri chokhudza mtengo ndi kuthekera kwa polojekitiyi. Nditafufuza mozama, ndidasankha F1C100s, purosesa yodziwika pang'ono kuchokera ku Allwinner yomwe imakhala yotsika mtengo (ie, yotsika mtengo kwambiri). Onse RAM ndi CPU zili mu phukusi lomwelo. Ndinagula mapurosesa ku Taobao. Zina zonse zidagulidwa ku LCSC.

Ndinayitanitsa matabwa kuchokera ku JLC. Anandipangira makope 8 pa $10. Makhalidwe awo ndi ochititsa chidwi, makamaka pamtengo; osati zowoneka bwino ngati za OSHPark, komabe zikuwoneka bwino.

Ndinapanga gulu loyamba la matte kukhala lakuda. Zinkawoneka zokongola, koma zinali zoipitsidwa mosavuta.

Panali mavuto angapo ndi gulu loyamba. Choyamba, cholumikizira cha USB sichinali chachitali kuti chigwirizane bwino ndi madoko aliwonse a USB. Kachiwiri, mayendedwe ang'onoang'ono adapangidwa molakwika, koma ndidazungulira izi popindikiza olumikizana nawo.

Nditawona zonse zikugwira ntchito, ndinayitanitsa matabwa atsopano; Mutha kuwona chithunzi cha m'modzi wa iwo kumayambiriro kwa nkhaniyi.

Chifukwa chakuchepa kwa tizigawo tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono, ndinaganiza zogwiritsa ntchito reflow soldering chitofu chotchipa. Ndili ndi chodulira cha laser, chifukwa chake ndidachigwiritsa ntchito podula cholembera chodulira mufilimu ya laminator. Stencil idawoneka bwino kwambiri. Mabowo a 0,2 mm kwa olumikizana ndi purosesa amafunikira chisamaliro chapadera kuti atsimikizire kupanga kwapamwamba - kunali kofunika kuyang'ana bwino laser ndikusankha mphamvu zake.

Ma matabwa ena amagwira ntchito bwino pogwira bolodi pamene akugwiritsa ntchito phala.

Ndinayika phala la solder ndikuyika zigawozo ndi dzanja. Ndinaonetsetsa kuti kutsogola sikunagwiritsidwe ntchito kulikonse - matabwa onse, zigawo ndi phala zikugwirizana ndi muyezo RoHS kuti cikumbumtima canga cisandivutitse pogawira kwa anthu;

Ndidalakwitsa pang'ono ndi batch iyi, koma phala la solder limakhululukira zolakwa, ndipo zonse zidayenda bwino

Chigawo chilichonse chinatenga pafupifupi masekondi a 10 kuti akhazikike, kotero ndinayesera kuti chiwerengero cha zigawo zikhale zochepa. Zambiri pakupanga mapu zitha kuwerengedwa mu ina nkhani yanga mwatsatanetsatane.

Mndandanda wazinthu ndi mtengo

Ndinkayesetsa kutsatira bajeti. Ndipo khadi la bizinesi lidakhala monga momwe amafunira - sindikufuna kupereka! Inde, sindidzapereka kwa aliyense, chifukwa zimatengera nthawi kuti mupange kopi iliyonse, ndipo nthawi yanga siyikuganiziridwa pa mtengo wa khadi la bizinesi (ndi mtundu waulere).

Chothandizira
mtengo

Zithunzi za F1C100
$1.42

PCB
$0.80

8MB flash
$0.17

Zigawo zina zonse
$0.49

Chiwerengero
$2.88

Mwachilengedwe, palinso ndalama zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuwerengera, monga kutumiza (popeza zimagawidwa pakati pa zigawo zomwe zimapangidwira ntchito zingapo). Komabe, kwa bolodi yomwe imathandizira Linux, ndiyotsika mtengo kwambiri. Kuwonongeka uku kumaperekanso lingaliro labwino la momwe zimawonongera makampani kuti apange zida pamtengo wotsika kwambiri: mutha kukhala otsimikiza kuti zimawononga makampani ngakhale zocheperako kuposa momwe zimandiwonongera!

Zida

Zoti chiyani? Khadiyo imakhala ndi Linux yovula kwambiri mumasekondi 6. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ndi mtengo wake, khadi ilibe I/O, chithandizo cha netiweki, kapena kuchuluka kulikonse kosungirako kuyendetsa mapulogalamu olemera. Komabe, ndidakwanitsa kuyika zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa mu chithunzi cha firmware.

USB

Panali zinthu zambiri zoziziritsa kukhosi zomwe zingatheke ndi USB, koma ndinasankha njira yosavuta kwambiri kuti anthu azigwira ntchito ngati ataganiza kuyesa khadi langa la bizinesi. Linux imalola khadi kukhala ngati "chipangizo" chothandizidwa Gadget Framework. Ndinatenga madalaivala ena kuchokera kumapulojekiti am'mbuyomu omwe adaphatikizira purosesa iyi, kotero ndili ndi mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito zida zonse za USB. Ndinaganiza zotengera kung'anima komwe kunapangidwa kale ndikupatsa mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito chipolopolo kudzera pa doko la serial.

Chigoba

Mukalowa ngati mizu, mutha kuyendetsa mapulogalamu otsatirawa pa serial console:

• rogue: masewera apamwamba a Unix ndende yokwawa;
• 2048: masewera osavuta a 2048 mumayendedwe otonthoza;
• mwayi: kutulutsa mawu osiyanasiyana achinyengo. Ndidasankha kuti ndisaphatikizepo nkhokwe yonse pano kuti ndisiye malo azinthu zina;
• micropython: Womasulira wochepa kwambiri wa Python.

Kutengera Flash Drive

Pakuphatikiza, zida zomangira zimapanga chithunzi chaching'ono cha FAT32 ndikuchiwonjezera ngati gawo limodzi la UBI. Linux Gadget Subsystem imapereka PC yake ngati chipangizo chosungira.

Ngati mukufuna kuwona zomwe zikuwoneka pa flash drive, njira yosavuta yochitira izi ndikuwerenga magwero. Palinso zithunzi zingapo ndi pitilizani wanga.

Zida

Magwero

Mtengo wanga wa Buildroot waikidwa pa GitHub - makumi atatu mphambu atatu/businesscard-linux. Pali code yopangira chithunzi cha NOR flash, chomwe chimayikidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yotsitsa ya USB ya purosesa. Ilinso ndi matanthauzo onse a phukusi lamasewera ndi mapulogalamu ena omwe ndidakankhira ku Buildroot nditayamba kugwira ntchito. Ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito ma F1C100 mu projekiti yanu, ichi chingakhale poyambira bwino (omasuka ndifunseni mafunso).
Ndinagwiritsa ntchito polojekiti yopangidwa bwino Linux v4.9 ya F1C100s ndi Icenowy, yokonzedwanso pang'ono. Khadi langa limayenda pafupifupi muyezo v5.2. Ili pa GitHub - makumi atatu ndi atatu/linux.
Ndikuganiza kuti ndili ndi doko labwino kwambiri la U-Boot la F1C100s padziko lapansi masiku ano, komanso zimatengera ntchito ya Icenowy (zodabwitsa ndizakuti, kupeza U-Boot kuti igwire ntchito moyenera inali ntchito yokhumudwitsa). Mutha kuzipezanso pa GitHub - makumi atatu ndi atatu/u-boot.

Zolemba za F1C100s

Ndapeza zolemba zochepa za F1C100s, ndipo ndikuzilemba apa:

• Zithunzi za Allwinner F1C100S - zambiri zambiri ndi pinout.
• Allwinner F1C600 Buku Lofotokozera - lembetsani matanthauzo a F1C600, omwe ali ofanana ndi F1C100s, koma amasinthidwa ndi chithandizo cha Linux (ha!).
• Ndabwereka zambiri kuchokera pachithunzichi Sipeed's Lichee Nano - bolodi lachitukuko lomwe ndidagwiritsa ntchito pokonza pulogalamuyo.

Ndikuziyika kwa omwe ali ndi chidwi. chithunzi changa cha polojekiti.

Pomaliza

Ndinaphunzira zambiri panthawi yomwe polojekitiyi imapanga - inali ntchito yanga yoyamba kugwiritsa ntchito uvuni wa reflow soldering. Ndinaphunziranso momwe ndingapezere zothandizira zigawo zomwe zili ndi zolemba zolakwika.

Ndidagwiritsa ntchito zomwe ndinali nazo ndi Linux yophatikizidwa komanso luso lachitukuko cha board. Ntchitoyi ilibe zolakwika, koma ikuwonetsa luso langa lonse bwino.

Kwa iwo omwe ali ndi chidwi ndi zambiri zogwirira ntchito ndi Linux yophatikizidwa, ndikupangira kuti muwerenge zolemba zanga za izi: Mastering Embedded Linux. Kumeneko ndimalankhula mwatsatanetsatane za momwe mungapangire mapulogalamu ndi hardware kuchokera pachiyambi pamakina ang'onoang'ono komanso otsika mtengo a Linux, ofanana ndi khadi langa loyimbira foni.

Source: www.habr.com