4.2.2. RBER ndi disk age (kupatula ma cycle PE).
Chithunzi 1 chikuwonetsa kugwirizana kwakukulu pakati pa RBER ndi zaka, yomwe ndi chiwerengero cha miyezi yomwe disk yakhala ili m'munda. Komabe, izi zitha kukhala zolumikizana zabodza chifukwa ndizotheka kuti ma drive akale amakhala ndi ma PE ambiri motero RBER imalumikizana kwambiri ndi ma PE.
Kuti tichotse zotsatira za ukalamba pa kuvala chifukwa cha mayendedwe a PE, tidayika miyezi yonse yautumiki muzotengera pogwiritsa ntchito ma deciles a PE cycle kugawa ngati cutoff pakati pa zotengera, mwachitsanzo, chidebe choyamba chimakhala ndi miyezi yonse ya moyo wa disk mpaka decile yoyamba ya kugawa kuzungulira kwa PE, ndi zina zotero. Tidatsimikizira kuti mkati mwa chidebe chilichonse kulumikizana pakati pa ma PE ndi RBER ndikocheperako (popeza chidebe chilichonse chimangotenga mikombero yaying'ono ya PE), kenako ndikuwerengera kuchuluka kwapakati pa RBER ndi zaka za disk padera pachotengera chilichonse.
Tidasanthula izi padera pamtundu uliwonse chifukwa kulumikizana kulikonse komwe kumawonedwa sikuli chifukwa cha kusiyana pakati pa achichepere ndi achikulire, koma chifukwa cha zaka zamagalimoto amtundu womwewo. Tidawona kuti ngakhale titachepetsa zotsatira za PE m'njira zomwe tafotokozazi, pamitundu yonse yamagalimoto panalibe kulumikizana kwakukulu pakati pa miyezi yomwe galimoto idakhalapo m'munda ndi RBER yake (ma coefficients olumikizana adachokera ku 0,2 mpaka 0,4). ).
Mpunga. 3. Ubale pakati pa RBER ndi chiwerengero cha PE cycles kwa ma disks atsopano ndi akale amasonyeza kuti zaka za disk zimakhudza mtengo wa RBER mosasamala kanthu za PE zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kuvala.
Tidawonetsanso bwino momwe zaka zoyendetsera galimoto zimakhalira pogawa masiku ogwiritsira ntchito kuyendetsa ali "wamng'ono" mpaka chaka chimodzi ndi masiku ogwiritsira ntchito pagalimoto pazaka 1, kenako adakonza RBER ya chilichonse. gulu motsutsana ndi kuchuluka kwa ma PE. Chithunzi 4 chikuwonetsa zotsatira za mtundu wa drive wa MLC-D. Tikuwona kusiyana kowoneka bwino pamakhalidwe a RBER pakati pamagulu akale ndi ma disks atsopano pamayendedwe onse a PE.
Kuchokera pa izi, timaganiza kuti zaka, zomwe zimayesedwa ndi masiku a disk ntchito m'munda, zimakhudza kwambiri RBER, mosasamala kanthu za kuvala kwa maselo a kukumbukira chifukwa chodziwika ndi maulendo a PE. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zinthu zina, monga kukalamba kwa silicon, zimagwira ntchito yayikulu pakuvala kwa diski.
4.2.3. RBER ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito.
Zolakwika pang'ono zimaganiziridwa kuti zimayambitsidwa ndi imodzi mwa njira zinayi:
- zolakwa zosungira Zolakwika zosungira, pamene selo lokumbukira limataya deta pakapita nthawi
Werengani zolakwika zosokoneza, momwe ntchito yowerengera imawononga zomwe zili mu cell yoyandikana nayo; - Lembani zolakwika zosokoneza, momwe ntchito yowerengera imawononga zomwe zili mu selo yoyandikana nayo;
- Zolakwika zosakwanira kufufuta, pomwe ntchito yofufutayo siyichotsa zonse zomwe zili mu cell.
Zolakwa zamitundu itatu yomaliza (kusokoneza kuwerenga, kusokoneza kulemba, kufufutika kosakwanira) kumayenderana ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito, kotero kumvetsetsa kugwirizana pakati pa RBER ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito kumatithandiza kumvetsetsa kufalikira kwa njira zolakwika zosiyanasiyana. Mu kafukufuku waposachedwa, "Kuphunzira kwakukulu kwa kulephera kwa kukumbukira kwa flash m'munda" (MEZA, J., WU, Q., KUMAR, S., MUTLU, O. "Kafukufuku wamkulu wa kulephera kukumbukira flash mu the field." Mu Proceedings of the 2015 ACM SIGMETRICS International Conference on Measurement and Modeling of Computer Systems, New York, 2015, SIGMETRICS '15, ACM, pp. 177-190) adatsimikiza kuti zolakwika zosungirako ndizofala kwambiri m'munda, pamene Kuwerenga zolakwika ndi zazing'ono ndithu.
Chithunzi 1 chikuwonetsa ubale wofunikira pakati pa mtengo wa RBER m'mwezi womwe waperekedwa wamoyo wa disk ndi kuchuluka kwa kuwerenga, kulemba, ndi kufufuta mwezi womwewo pamitundu ina (mwachitsanzo, coefficient coefficient ndi yapamwamba kuposa 0,2 ya MLC - B chitsanzo ndi apamwamba kuposa 0,6 a SLC-B). Komabe, ndizotheka kuti uku ndikulumikizana kolakwika, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa ntchito pamwezi kumatha kukhala kogwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa ma PE.
Tinagwiritsa ntchito njira yomweyi yomwe yafotokozedwa mu Gawo 4.2.2 kuti tisiyanitse zotsatira za kuchuluka kwa ntchito ku zotsatira za PE cycle popatula miyezi yoyendetsa galimoto kutengera ma PE am'mbuyomu, ndikuzindikira ma coefficients olumikizana padera pachotengera chilichonse.
Tidawona kuti kulumikizana pakati pa kuchuluka kwa zowerengedwa m'mwezi woperekedwa wa disk moyo ndi mtengo wa RBER m'mwezi womwewo udapitilira pamitundu ya MLC-B ndi SLC-B, ngakhale pakuchepetsa kuzungulira kwa PE. Tidabwerezanso kusanthula kofananako komwe tidapatulapo zotsatira za kuwerenga pa kuchuluka kwa zolembedwa ndi zofufuta nthawi imodzi, ndipo tidatsimikiza kuti kulumikizana pakati pa RBER ndi kuchuluka kwa zowerengera kumakhala kowona kwa mtundu wa SLC-B.
Chithunzi 1 chikuwonetsanso mgwirizano pakati pa RBER ndi kulemba ndi kufufuta ntchito, kotero tinabwereza kusanthula komweko kuti tiwerenge, kulemba, ndi kufufuta ntchito. Timatsimikiza kuti pochepetsa zotsatira za PE kuzungulira ndikuwerenga, palibe mgwirizano pakati pa mtengo wa RBER ndi chiwerengero cha kulemba ndi kufufutitsa.
Chifukwa chake, pali mitundu ya disk pomwe zolakwika zowerengera zimakhudzidwa kwambiri pa RBER. Kumbali inayi, palibe umboni wosonyeza kuti RBER imakhudzidwa ndi zolakwika zolembetsera ndikulemba zolakwika zosakwanira.
4.2.4 RBER ndi lithography.
Kusiyana kwa kukula kwa chinthu kumatha kufotokozera pang'ono kusiyana kwamitengo ya RBER pakati pamitundu yamagalimoto pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo womwewo, mwachitsanzo, MLC kapena SLC. (Onani Table 1 kuti muwone mwachidule zamitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe yaphatikizidwa mu kafukufukuyu).
Mwachitsanzo, mitundu iwiri ya SLC yokhala ndi 2nm lithography (zitsanzo za SLC-A ndi SLC-D) zili ndi RBER yomwe ili ndi dongosolo lapamwamba kuposa la mitundu iwiri yokhala ndi 34nm microelectronic lithography (zitsanzo SLC-B ndi SLC-C). Pankhani yamitundu ya MLC, mtundu wa 2nm (MLC-B) wokha uli ndi RBER wapakatikati womwe ndi 50% wapamwamba kuposa mitundu itatu ina yokhala ndi 43nm lithography. Komanso, kusiyana kumeneku kwa RBER kumawonjezeka ndi chiwerengero cha 50 pamene ma drive akutha, monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 3. Pomaliza, zojambula zochepa kwambiri zimatha kufotokozera RBER yapamwamba ya eMLC yoyendetsa poyerekeza ndi ma drive a MLC. Ponseponse, tili ndi umboni woonekeratu kuti lithography imakhudza RBER.
4.2.5. Kukhalapo kwa zolakwika zina.
Tinafufuza za mgwirizano pakati pa RBER ndi mitundu ina ya zolakwika, monga zolakwika zosasinthika, zolakwika za nthawi yomaliza, ndi zina zotero, makamaka, ngati mtengo wa RBER umakhala wapamwamba pakatha mwezi umodzi wokhudzana ndi zolakwika zina.
Chithunzi 1 chikuwonetsa kuti ngakhale RBER ya mwezi wapitayi ikuwonetseratu zam'tsogolo za RBER (zogwirizanitsa zowonjezereka kuposa 0,8), palibe kugwirizana kwakukulu pakati pa zolakwika zosalongosoka ndi RBER (gulu lakumanja la zinthu mu Chithunzi 1). Kwa mitundu ina ya zolakwika, coefficient coefficient ndi yotsika kwambiri (osawonetsedwa pachithunzi). Tidawunikanso ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa RBER ndi zolakwika zosasinthika mu Gawo 5.2 la pepalali.
4.2.6. Chikoka cha zinthu zina.
Tinapeza umboni wosonyeza kuti pali zinthu zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri RBER zomwe deta yathu sitingathe kuwerengera. Makamaka, tawona kuti RBER ya mtundu wopatsidwa wa disk imasiyanasiyana malinga ndi gulu lomwe diski imayikidwa. Chitsanzo chabwino ndi Chithunzi 4, chomwe chikuwonetsa RBER ngati ntchito ya PE yoyendetsa ma MLC-D m'magulu atatu osiyanasiyana (mizere yodutsa) ndikuyiyerekeza ndi RBER yachitsanzo ichi poyerekezera ndi chiwerengero cha ma drive (mzere wolimba). Timapeza kuti kusiyana kumeneku kumapitirirabe ngakhale titachepetsa mphamvu ya zinthu monga zaka za disk kapena chiwerengero cha owerenga.
Kufotokozera kumodzi kwa izi ndi kusiyana kwa kuchuluka kwa ntchito m'magulu onse, pamene tikuwona kuti magulu omwe ntchito zawo zimakhala ndi chiwerengero chapamwamba kwambiri chowerengera / kulemba ali ndi RBER yapamwamba kwambiri.
Mpunga. 4 a), b). Miyezo yapakatikati ya RBER ngati ntchito yozungulira PE m'magulu atatu osiyanasiyana komanso kudalira kuchuluka kwa kuwerenga / kulemba pa kuchuluka kwa ma PE m'magulu atatu osiyanasiyana.
Mwachitsanzo, Chithunzi 4(b) chikuwonetsa kuwerengera / kulemba kwamagulu osiyanasiyana amtundu wagalimoto wa MLC-D. Komabe, chiΕ΅erengero chowerengera / cholemba sichimalongosola kusiyana pakati pa masango a zitsanzo zonse, kotero pakhoza kukhala zinthu zina zomwe deta yathu siimawerengera, monga zochitika zachilengedwe kapena magawo ena a kunja kwa ntchito.
4.3. RBER panthawi yoyezetsa kulimba mtima.
Ntchito zambiri zasayansi, komanso mayeso omwe amachitidwa pogula media pamlingo wamakampani, amaneneratu kudalirika kwa zida zomwe zili m'munda kutengera zotsatira za mayeso olimba kwambiri. Tidaganiza zowona momwe zotsatira za mayeso otere zimayenderana ndi zomwe zidachitika pogwiritsira ntchito media media media.
Kuwunika kwa zotsatira zoyeserera pogwiritsa ntchito njira yoyeserera yofulumira ya zida zoperekedwa ku malo opangira data a Google kunawonetsa kuti mayendedwe a RBER ndi apamwamba kwambiri kuposa momwe adaneneratu. Mwachitsanzo, kwa eMLC-chitsanzo, RBER yapakatikati ya ma disks omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'munda (pamapeto a kuyesa chiwerengero cha maulendo a PE anafika 600) anali 1e-05, pamene malinga ndi zotsatira za kuyesa koyambirira, RBER iyi. mtengo uyenera kufanana ndi zozungulira zopitilira 4000 PE. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti ndizovuta kwambiri kuneneratu molondola mtengo wa RBER m'munda motengera kuyerekeza kwa RBER komwe kumapezeka kuchokera ku mayeso a labotale.
Tidawonanso kuti mitundu ina ya zolakwika ndizovuta kuberekanso pakuyesedwa kofulumira. Mwachitsanzo, pamtundu wa MLC-B, pafupifupi 60% ya ma drive amakumana ndi zolakwika zosalongosoka ndipo pafupifupi 80% ya zoyendetsa zimakhala ndi midadada yoyipa. Komabe, pakuyesa kupirira kofulumira, palibe zida zisanu ndi chimodzi zomwe zidakumana ndi zolakwika zosalongosoka mpaka ma drive adafikira kupitilira katatu malire a PE. Kwa zitsanzo za eMLC, zolakwika zosalongosoka zidachitika m'magalimoto opitilira 80% m'munda, pomwe pakuyesa kofulumira zolakwika zotere zidachitika pambuyo pofika kuzungulira kwa 15000 PE.
Tidayang'ananso pa RBER yomwe idanenedwa m'mafukufuku am'mbuyomu, omwe adatengera zoyeserera m'malo olamuliridwa, ndipo tidatsimikiza kuti kuchuluka kwa zikhalidwe kunali kwakukulu kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, L.M. Grupp ndi ena mu ntchito yawo ya 2009 -2012 amafotokoza za RBER pamayendedwe omwe ali pafupi kufikira malire a PE. Mwachitsanzo, pazida za SLC ndi MLC zokhala ndi makulidwe amtundu wa lithography ofanana ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pantchito yathu (25-50nm), mtengo wa RBER umachokera ku 1e-08 mpaka 1e-03, pomwe mitundu yambiri yamagalimoto imayesedwa yokhala ndi mtengo wa RBER pafupi ndi 1e- 06 .
Mu phunziro lathu, mitundu itatu yoyendetsa galimoto yomwe inafikira malire a PE inali ndi RBERs kuyambira 3e-08 mpaka 8e-08. Ngakhale poganizira kuti manambala athu ndi otsika kwambiri ndipo atha kukhala okulirapo ka 16 pazovuta kwambiri, kapena potengera 95th percentile ya RBER, zikhalidwe zathu zikadali zotsika kwambiri.
Ponseponse, ngakhale mayendedwe enieni a RBER ndi apamwamba kuposa omwe adanenedweratu kutengera kuyesedwa kolimba kwachangu, akadali otsika kuposa ma RBER ambiri pazida zofananira zomwe zidanenedwa m'mapepala ena ofufuza ndikuwerengedwa kuchokera ku mayeso a labotale. Izi zikutanthauza kuti simuyenera kudalira zomwe zanenedweratu za RBER zomwe zachokera pakuyesa kulimba kwachangu.
5. Zolakwa zosakonzedwa.
Chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa zolakwika zosasinthika (UEs), zomwe zinakambidwa mu Gawo 3 la pepalali, m'chigawo chino tikufufuza makhalidwe awo mwatsatanetsatane. Timayamba ndikukambirana kuti ndi metric iti yomwe tingagwiritse ntchito kuyeza UE, momwe ikugwirizanirana ndi RBER, komanso momwe UE imakhudzidwira ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana.
5.1. Chifukwa chiyani kuchuluka kwa UBER sikumveka.
Metric yodziwika bwino yomwe ili ndi zolakwika zosasinthika ndi kuchuluka kwa zolakwika za UBER, ndiko kuti, chiΕ΅erengero cha zolakwika zosasinthika ku chiwerengero chonse cha ma bits omwe awerengedwa.
Metric iyi imangoganiza kuti kuchuluka kwa zolakwika zosalongosoka kumangiriridwa mwanjira ina ndi kuchuluka kwa ma bits omwe amawerengedwa, motero ayenera kusinthidwa ndi nambalayi.
Lingaliro ili ndiloyenera pa zolakwa zowongoka, pamene chiwerengero cha zolakwika zomwe zawonedwa mu mwezi woperekedwa zimawoneka kuti zikugwirizana kwambiri ndi chiwerengero cha zowerengedwa pa nthawi yomweyo (Spearman coefficient correlation wamkulu kuposa 0.9). Chifukwa cha kulumikizana kolimba koteroko ndikuti ngakhale pang'ono pang'ono, bola ngati ikuwongolera pogwiritsa ntchito ECC, ipitiliza kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa zolakwika ndi ntchito iliyonse yowerengera yomwe ikupezeka nayo, popeza kuwunika kwa cell yomwe ili ndi choyipacho ndi. osakonzedwa nthawi yomweyo pomwe cholakwika chapezeka (ma disks amangolembanso masamba omwe ali ndi ma bits owonongeka nthawi ndi nthawi).
Lingaliro lomwelo silikugwira ntchito ku zolakwika zosasinthika. Cholakwika chosasinthika chimalepheretsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwina kwa chipika chowonongeka, kotero chikadziwika, chipika choterocho sichidzakhudza chiwerengero cha zolakwika m'tsogolomu.
Kuti titsimikizire mwatsatanetsatane lingaliroli, tidagwiritsa ntchito ma metrics osiyanasiyana kuyeza ubale pakati pa kuchuluka kwa zowerengedwa mu mwezi womwe waperekedwa wa disk life ndi kuchuluka kwa zolakwika zosalongosoka pa nthawi yomweyo, kuphatikiza ma coefficients osiyanasiyana olumikizana (Pearson, Spearman, Kendall) , komanso kuyang'ana zithunzi za ma grafu . Kuphatikiza pa kuchuluka kwa zolakwika zosasinthika, tidayang'ananso kuchuluka kwa zolakwika zosasinthika (mwachitsanzo, kuthekera kuti diski ikhala ndi chochitika chimodzi chotere panthawi yoperekedwa) komanso ubale wawo kuti uwerenge ntchito.
Sitinapeze umboni wa mgwirizano pakati pa chiwerengero cha zowerengedwa ndi chiwerengero cha zolakwika zosalongosoka. Pamitundu yonse yamagalimoto, ma coefficients olumikizirana anali pansi pa 0.02, ndipo ma graph sanawonetse kuwonjezeka kulikonse kwa UE pomwe kuchuluka kwa kuwerengera kumawonjezeka.
Mu Gawo 5.4 la pepalali, tikambirana kuti kulemba ndi kufufuta ntchito sikukugwirizananso ndi zolakwika zosasinthika, kotero kutanthauzira kwina kwa UBER, komwe kumakhala kozolowereka ndi kulemba kapena kufufuta ntchito m'malo mowerengera ntchito, kulibe tanthauzo.
Chifukwa chake timaganiza kuti UBER sizitsulo zomveka, kupatula ngati zitayesedwa m'madera olamulidwa kumene chiwerengero cha kuwerenga chimayikidwa ndi woyesera. Ngati UBER itagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati metric panthawi yoyesedwa m'munda, imatsitsa mwachinyengo kuchuluka kwa zolakwika zamagalimoto okhala ndi kuchuluka kowerengera ndikuwonjezera molakwika kuchuluka kwa zolakwika zamagalimoto omwe ali ndi kuwerenga kocheperako, popeza zolakwika zosalongosoka zimachitika mosasamala kuchuluka kwa zowerengedwa.
5.2. Zolakwika zosasinthika ndi RBER.
Kufunika kwa RBER kukufotokozedwa ndi mfundo yakuti imakhala ngati muyeso wodziwira kudalirika kwathunthu kwa galimotoyo, makamaka, kutengera kuthekera kwa zolakwika zosasinthika. Mu ntchito yawo, N. Mielke et al mu 2008 anali oyamba kufotokoza za chiwerengero cha zolakwika zosayembekezereka monga ntchito ya RBER. Kuyambira pamenepo, ambiri opanga machitidwe agwiritsa ntchito njira zofananira, monga kuyerekezera kuchuluka kwa zolakwika zomwe zikuyembekezeredwa ngati ntchito ya mtundu wa RBER ndi ECC.
Cholinga cha gawoli ndikuwonetsa momwe RBER imaneneratu zolakwika zosasinthika. Tiyeni tiyambire ndi Chithunzi 5a, chomwe chimapanga ma RBER apakatikati pamitundu ingapo yamagalimoto am'badwo woyamba motsutsana ndi kuchuluka kwa masiku omwe adagwiritsidwa ntchito omwe adakumana ndi zolakwika zosalongosoka za UE. Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti zina mwa zitsanzo za 16 zomwe zikuwonetsedwa mu graph sizikuphatikizidwa mu Table 1 chifukwa cha kusowa kwa chidziwitso chowunikira.
Mpunga. 5 a. Ubale pakati pa RBER wapakatikati ndi zolakwika zosasinthika zamagalimoto osiyanasiyana.
Mpunga. 5b . Ubale pakati pa RBER wapakatikati ndi zolakwika zosalongosoka zamagalimoto osiyanasiyana amtundu womwewo.
Kumbukirani kuti zitsanzo zonse za m'badwo umodzi zimagwiritsa ntchito njira yofanana ya ECC, kotero kusiyana pakati pa zitsanzo sikudalira kusiyana kwa ECC. Sitinawone kulumikizana pakati pa zochitika za RBER ndi EU. Tidapanga chiwembu chomwechi cha 95th percentile RBER motsutsana ndi UE ndipo sitinagwirizanenso.
Kenaka, tinabwereza kusanthula pamlingo wa granular kwa ma drive amtundu uliwonse, mwachitsanzo, tinayesa kufufuza ngati panali ma drive omwe mtengo wapamwamba wa RBER umagwirizana ndi maulendo apamwamba a UE. Mwachitsanzo, Chithunzi 5b chimapanga RBER wapakatikati pagalimoto iliyonse ya mtundu wa MLC-c motsutsana ndi kuchuluka kwa ma UE (zotsatira zofanana ndi zomwe zinapezedwa pa 95th percentile RBER). Apanso, sitinawone kulumikizana kulikonse pakati pa RBER ndi EU.
Pomaliza, tidasanthula nthawi yolondola kwambiri kuti tiwone ngati miyezi yogwirira ntchito yokhala ndi RBER yapamwamba ingafanane ndi miyezi yomwe UE idachitika. Chithunzi 1 chasonyeza kale kuti coefficient coefficient pakati pa zolakwika zosalongosoka ndi RBER ndizochepa kwambiri. Tinayesanso njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira mwayi wa UE ngati ntchito ya RBER ndipo sitinapeze umboni wogwirizana.
Chifukwa chake, timaganiza kuti RBER ndi metric yosadalirika yolosera UE. Izi zikhoza kutanthauza kuti njira zolephera zomwe zimatsogolera ku RBER ndizosiyana ndi njira zomwe zimayambitsa zolakwika zosasinthika (mwachitsanzo, zolakwika zomwe zili m'maselo amodzi motsutsana ndi mavuto akuluakulu omwe akuchitika ndi chipangizo chonsecho).
5.3. Zolakwika zosakonzedwa ndikuwonongeka.
Popeza kutopa ndi chimodzi mwazovuta zazikulu za kukumbukira kwa flash, Chithunzi 6 chikuwonetsa kuthekera kwatsiku ndi tsiku kwa zolakwika zosalongosoka zamagalimoto monga ntchito ya PE cycle.
Chithunzi 6. Kuthekera kwatsiku ndi tsiku kwa zochitika za zolakwika zoyendetsa galimoto kutengera maulendo a PE.
Tikuwona kuti mwayi wa UE ukuwonjezeka mosalekeza ndi zaka zoyendetsa. Komabe, monga momwe zilili ndi RBER, kuwonjezekaku kumachedwa pang'onopang'ono kuposa momwe amaganizira nthawi zambiri: ma graph amasonyeza kuti ma UE amakula mozungulira m'malo mokulirakulira ndi ma PE.
Mfundo ziwiri zomwe tapanga pa RBER zimagwiranso ntchito ku UEs: choyamba, palibe kuwonjezeka koonekeratu kwa zolakwika zomwe zingatheke pokhapokha malire a PE afikira, monga Chithunzi 6 cha MLC-D chitsanzo chomwe malire ake a PE ndi 3000. Chachiwiri, Chachiwiri, Chachiwiri, , kuchuluka kwa zolakwika kumasiyanasiyana pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana, ngakhale mkati mwa kalasi imodzi. Komabe, kusiyana kumeneku sikuli kwakukulu ngati kwa RBER.
Pomaliza, pochirikiza zomwe tapeza mu Gawo 5.2, tapeza kuti m'gulu limodzi lachitsanzo (MLC vs. SLC), zitsanzo zomwe zili ndi zotsika kwambiri za RBER ββpa chiwerengero chopatsidwa cha PE sizomwe zimakhala zotsika kwambiri. mwayi wa zochitika za EU. Mwachitsanzo, pa 3000 PE cycles, MLC-D model anali ndi RBER values ββ4 times more than MLC-B models, koma kuthekera kwa UE kwa chiwerengero chofanana cha PE cycle chinali chokwera pang'ono kwa MLC-D zitsanzo kuposa MLC-B. zitsanzo.
Chithunzi 7. Kuthekera kwa mwezi ndi mwezi kwa zochitika za zolakwika zoyendetsa galimoto zosalongosoka monga ntchito ya kukhalapo kwa zolakwika zam'mbuyo zamitundu yosiyanasiyana.
5.4. Zolakwika zosakonzedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito.
Pazifukwa zomwezo zomwe kuchuluka kwa ntchito kungakhudze RBER (onani Gawo 4.2.3), zikhoza kuyembekezera kukhudzanso EU. Mwachitsanzo, popeza tawona kuti zolakwika zophwanya malamulo zimakhudza RBER, ntchito zowerengera zitha kuwonjezeranso mwayi wa zolakwika zosakonzedwa.
Tidachita kafukufuku mwatsatanetsatane za kuchuluka kwa ntchito ku EU. Komabe, monga tawonera mu Gawo 5.1, sitinapeze ubale pakati pa EU ndi kuchuluka kwa zowerengedwa. Tidabwerezanso kusanthula komweko polemba ndi kufufuta ntchito ndipo sitinawonenso kulumikizana.
Zindikirani kuti poyang'ana koyamba, izi zikuwoneka kuti zikutsutsana ndi zomwe tawona kale kuti zolakwika zosasinthika zimalumikizidwa ndi ma PE. Chifukwa chake, wina angayembekezere kulumikizana ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito zolemba ndi kufufuta.
Komabe, pakuwunika kwathu momwe mayendedwe a PE amakhudzira, tidafanizira kuchuluka kwa zolakwika zosasinthika m'mwezi womwe waperekedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa ma PE omwe adakumana nawo m'moyo wake wonse mpaka pano kuti athe kuyeza momwe amavalira. Pophunzira zotsatira za ntchito, tinayang'ana miyezi yoyendetsa galimoto yomwe inali ndi chiwerengero chapamwamba kwambiri cha ntchito zowerengera / kulemba / kufufuta mwezi wina, zomwe zinalinso ndi mwayi waukulu woyambitsa zolakwika zosayenera, mwachitsanzo, sitinalowemo. werengerani chiwerengero chonse cha ntchito zowerengera/lemba/kufufuta.
Zotsatira zake, tidazindikira kuti kuwerenga zolakwika zophwanya, kulemba zolakwika, ndi zolakwika zosakwanira sizili zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimakulitsa zolakwika zosasinthika.
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Source: www.habr.com