Kodi ndizotheka kuphatikiza njira zingapo zapaintaneti kukhala imodzi? Pali malingaliro olakwika ndi nthano zambiri pamutuwu; ngakhale akatswiri opanga maukonde odziwa zambiri nthawi zambiri samadziwa kuti izi ndizotheka. Nthawi zambiri, kuphatikizika kwa ulalo kumatchedwa molakwika kusanja pamlingo wa NAT kapena kulephera. Koma kumasulira kwenikweni kumalola yambitsani kulumikizidwa kumodzi kwa TCP nthawi imodzi panjira zonse zapaintaneti, mwachitsanzo, kuulutsa kwa mavidiyo kotero kuti ngati tchanelo chilichonse cha intaneti chasokonekera, kuulutsa kwakeko kusadodometsedwa.
Pali mayankho okwera mtengo otsatsa makanema, koma zida zotere zimawononga ma kilobucks ambiri. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza momwe mungakhazikitsire phukusi laulere, lotseguka la OpenMPTCPRouter ndikuyankha nthano zodziwika bwino za kufotokozera mwachidule.
Zopeka zokhuza kuwerengera mwachidule
Pali ma routers ambiri apanyumba omwe amathandizira ntchito ya Multi-WAN. Nthawi zina opanga amatcha chidule cha njira iyi, zomwe sizowona. Ma network ambiri amakhulupirira kuti kuwonjezera pa ndi kuwerengera pamlingo wa L2, palibe njira ina yophatikizirapo. Nthawi zambiri ndamva kuti izi sizingatheke kuchokera kwa anthu omwe amagwira ntchito pa telecom. Choncho, tiyeni tiyese kumvetsetsa nthano zotchuka.
Kulinganiza pamlingo wolumikizana ndi IP
Iyi ndi njira yotsika mtengo komanso yotchuka kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito mayendedwe angapo pa intaneti nthawi imodzi. Kuti zikhale zosavuta, tiyerekeze kuti muli ndi othandizira pa intaneti atatu, aliyense akukupatsani adilesi yeniyeni ya IP kuchokera pamanetiweki awo. Othandizira onsewa amalumikizidwa ndi rauta yomwe imathandizira ntchito ya Multi-WAN. Izi zitha kukhala OpenWRT ndi phukusi la mwan3, mikrotik, ubiquiti, kapena rauta ina iliyonse yapakhomo, popeza njira yotere si yachilendonso.
Kuti tiyerekeze zomwe zikuchitika, tiyerekeze kuti opereka chithandizo adatipatsa maadiresi awa:
WAN1 β 11.11.11.11
WAN2 β 22.22.22.22
WAN2 β 33.33.33.33
Ndiko kuti, kulumikiza ku seva yakutali chitsanzo.com Kudzera mwa aliyense wopereka, seva yakutali iwona makasitomala atatu odziyimira pawokha a IP. Kulinganiza kumakulolani kugawanitsa katunduyo pamakanema ndikugwiritsa ntchito onse atatu nthawi imodzi. Kuti zikhale zosavuta, tiyerekeze kuti timagawa katunduyo mofanana pakati pa ma tchanelo onse. Zotsatira zake, kasitomala akatsegula malo okhala ndi zithunzi zitatu, amatsitsa chithunzi chilichonse kudzera mwa wopereka wina. Kumbali ya tsambalo zikuwoneka ngati zolumikizira kuchokera ku ma IP atatu osiyanasiyana.
Mukagwirizanitsa pamlingo wolumikizira, kulumikizana kulikonse kwa TCP kumadutsa wopereka wosiyana.
Njira yofananira iyi nthawi zambiri imayambitsa mavuto kwa ogwiritsa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, masamba ambiri amamangiriza ma cookie ndi ma tokeni ku adilesi ya IP ya kasitomala, ndipo ngati zisintha mwadzidzidzi, pempho limakanidwa kapena kasitomala atulutsidwa patsambalo. Izi nthawi zambiri zimapangidwanso m'makina a kasitomala-banki ndi masamba ena okhala ndi malamulo okhwima a ogwiritsa ntchito. Nachi chitsanzo chosavuta chofotokozera: mafayilo anyimbo pa VK.com amapezeka kokha ndi kiyi yovomerezeka yagawo, yomwe imamangiriridwa ku IP, ndipo makasitomala omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kusanja kotere nthawi zambiri samaseweretsa mawu chifukwa pempho silinadutse kwa omwe amapereka. gawoli ndi lomangidwa.
Mukatsitsa mitsinje, kusanja kolumikizana kumawerengera kuchuluka kwa ma tchanelo onse
Kuyang'ana uku kumakupatsani mwayi wopeza kuchuluka kwa liwiro la njira ya intaneti mukamagwiritsa ntchito maulumikizidwe angapo. Mwachitsanzo, ngati aliyense wa opereka atatuwa ali ndi liwiro la 100 Megabits, ndiye potsitsa mitsinje tidzapeza 300 Megabits. Chifukwa mtsinje umatsegula maulumikizidwe ambiri, omwe amagawidwa pakati pa othandizira onse ndipo pamapeto pake amagwiritsa ntchito njira yonse.
Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti kulumikizana kumodzi kwa TCP nthawi zonse kumadutsa wopereka m'modzi yekha. Ndiko kuti, ngati titsitsa fayilo imodzi yayikulu kudzera pa HTTP, ndiye kuti kulumikizanaku kudzapangidwa kudzera mwa mmodzi wa opereka chithandizo, ndipo ngati kugwirizana ndi wothandizira uyu kwasweka, kutsitsa kudzaswekanso.
Kulumikizana kumodzi kumangogwiritsa ntchito tchanelo chimodzi chokha cha intaneti
Izi ndizowonanso pamawayilesi apakanema. Ngati mukuwulutsa mavidiyo akukhamukira ku mtundu wina wa Twitch wokhazikika, ndiye kuti kusanja pamlingo wa ma IP sikukupatsani phindu lililonse, chifukwa mavidiyowa adzawulutsidwa mkati mwa kulumikizana kumodzi kwa IP. Pankhaniyi, ngati wothandizira WAN 3 ayamba kukhala ndi vuto ndi kulankhulana, monga kutayika kwa paketi kapena kuchepetsa liwiro, ndiye kuti simungathe kusintha nthawi yomweyo kwa wothandizira wina. Kuwulutsa kuyenera kuyimitsidwa ndikulumikizidwanso.
Kuwerengera kwenikweni kwachanelo
Kuwerengera kwenikweni kwa njira kumapangitsa kuti muthane ndi kulumikizana kumodzi ku Twitch yokhazikika kudzera mwa onse opereka nthawi imodzi kuti ngati aliyense wa opereka asokonekera, kulumikizanako sikungasokonezedwe. Ili ndi vuto lovuta modabwitsa lomwe lilibe yankho labwino kwambiri. Anthu ambiri sadziwa nkomwe kuti izi ndizotheka!
Kuchokera m'mafanizo am'mbuyomu, timakumbukira kuti seva ya Twitch yokhazikika imatha kulandira kanema kuchokera kwa ife kuchokera ku adilesi imodzi yokha ya IP, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ziyenera kukhala zokhazikika kwa ife, mosasamala kanthu za omwe akugwa ndi omwe akugwira ntchito. Kuti tichite izi, tifunika seva yowerengera mwachidule yomwe imathetsa kulumikizana kwathu konse ndikuphatikiza kukhala imodzi.
Seva yachidule imaphatikiza njira zonse kukhala ngalande imodzi. Malumikizidwe onse amachokera ku adilesi yachidule ya seva
Muchiwembu ichi, opereka onse amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo kulepheretsa aliyense wa iwo sikungawononge kulumikizana ndi seva ya Twitch. M'malo mwake, iyi ndi njira yapadera ya VPN, pansi pake pomwe pali njira zingapo za intaneti nthawi imodzi. Ntchito yayikulu yachiwembu chotere ndikupeza njira yolumikizirana yapamwamba kwambiri. Ngati mmodzi wa opereka chithandizo ayamba kukhala ndi mavuto, kutayika kwa mapaketi, kuchedwa kowonjezereka, ndiye kuti izi siziyenera kukhudza khalidwe la kulankhulana mwanjira iliyonse, popeza katunduyo adzagawidwa kokha pa njira zina zabwino zomwe zilipo.
Mayankho a Zamalonda
Vutoli lakhala likuvutitsa kwa nthawi yayitali anthu omwe amawulutsa zochitika zamoyo komanso alibe intaneti yapamwamba kwambiri. Pantchito zotere, pali njira zingapo zamalonda, mwachitsanzo, kampani ya Teradek imapanga ma routers owopsa omwe amalowetsamo mapaketi a USB modemu:
Router yamakanema owulutsa omwe ali ndi ntchito yowerengera njira
Zida zoterezi nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi luso lotha kujambula mavidiyo kudzera pa HDMI kapena SDI. Pamodzi ndi rauta, kulembetsa ku msonkhano wachidule wa tchanelo kumagulitsidwa, komanso kukonza mtsinje wamavidiyo, kuyiyika ndikuyitumizanso. Mtengo wa zida zotere umayamba kuchokera ku $ 2k ndi seti ya ma modemu, kuphatikiza kulembetsa kosiyana kwautumiki.
Nthawi zina zimawoneka zowopsa:
Kukhazikitsa OpenMPTCProuter
Pulogalamu (MultiPath TCP) idapangidwa kuti izitha kulumikizana kudzera pamayendedwe angapo nthawi imodzi. Mwachitsanzo, ake ndipo imatha kulumikiza nthawi yomweyo ku seva yakutali kudzera pa WiFi komanso kudzera pa netiweki yam'manja. Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti izi sizinthu ziwiri zosiyana za TCP, koma kulumikizana kumodzi komwe kumakhazikitsidwa pamayendedwe awiri nthawi imodzi. Kuti izi zitheke, seva yakutali iyeneranso kuthandizira MPTCP.
ndi pulojekiti yotsegulira pulogalamu ya router yomwe imalola chidule cha njira yeniyeni. Olembawo akunena kuti polojekitiyi ili mumtundu wa alpha, koma ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kale. Zili ndi magawo awiri - seva yachidule, yomwe ili pa intaneti ndi rauta, komwe opereka intaneti angapo ndi zida zamakasitomala zimalumikizidwa: makompyuta, mafoni. Router yachizolowezi ikhoza kukhala Raspberry Pi, ma router ena a WiFi, kapena kompyuta yokhazikika. Pali misonkhano yokonzedwa yokonzekera nsanja zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kwambiri.
Momwe OpenMPTCProuter imagwirira ntchito
Kukhazikitsa seva yachidule
Seva yachidule ili pa intaneti ndipo imathetsa kulumikizidwa kuchokera kumayendedwe onse a rauta ya kasitomala kukhala imodzi. Adilesi ya IP ya seva iyi ikhala adilesi yakunja mukalowa pa intaneti kudzera pa OpenMPTCProuter.
Pa ntchitoyi tidzagwiritsa ntchito seva ya VPS pa Debian 10.
Zofunikira pa seva yachidule:
- MPTCP sikugwira ntchito pa OpenVZ virtualization
- Ziyenera kukhala zotheka kukhazikitsa Linux kernel yanu
Seva imayikidwa pochita lamulo limodzi. Cholembacho chidzayika kernel ndi mptcp chithandizo ndi mapepala onse ofunikira. Zolemba zoyika zilipo Ubuntu ndi Debian.
wget -O - http://www.openmptcprouter.com/server/debian10-x86_64.sh | sh
Zotsatira za kukhazikitsa bwino seva.
Timasunga mapasiwedi, tidzawafuna kuti akonze rauta ya kasitomala, ndikuyambiranso. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti mutatha kuyika, SSH idzapezeka pa doko 65222. Pambuyo poyambiranso, tiyenera kuonetsetsa kuti tidawombera ndi kernel yatsopano.
uname -a
Linux test-server.local 4.19.67-mptcp
Tikuwona kulembedwa kwa mptcp pafupi ndi nambala yamtunduwu, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kernel idayikidwa bwino.
Kukhazikitsa router kasitomala
pa zomangidwa zokonzeka zimapezeka pamapulatifomu ena, monga Raspberry Pi, Banana Pi, Lynksys routers ndi makina enieni.
Gawo ili la openmptcprouter lakhazikitsidwa pa OpenWRT, pogwiritsa ntchito LuCI ngati mawonekedwe, odziwika kwa aliyense amene adakumanapo ndi OpenWRT. Kugawa kumalemera pafupifupi 50MB!
Monga benchi yoyesera, ndigwiritsa ntchito Raspberry Pi ndi ma modemu angapo a USB okhala ndi ogwiritsa ntchito osiyanasiyana: MTS ndi Megafon. Sindikuganiza kuti ndiyenera kukuuzani momwe mungalembe chithunzi ku khadi la SD.
Poyambirira, doko la Ethernet mu Raspberry Pi limakonzedwa ngati lan yokhala ndi adilesi ya IP yokhazikika. 192.168.100.1. Kuti ndipewe kulimbana ndi mawaya pa desiki, ndidalumikiza Raspberry Pi kumalo ofikira a WiFi ndikuyika adaputala ya WiFi ya pakompyuta ku adilesi yokhazikika. 192.168.100.2. Seva ya DHCP siyimathandizidwa mwachisawawa, chifukwa chake muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ma adilesi osasunthika.
Tsopano mutha kulowa mu mawonekedwe a intaneti
Mukalowa koyamba, dongosololi lidzakufunsani kuti muyike mawu achinsinsi; SSH ipezeka ndi mawu achinsinsi omwewo.
M'makonzedwe a LAN, mukhoza kukhazikitsa subnet yomwe mukufuna ndikuyambitsa seva ya DHCP.
Ndimagwiritsa ntchito ma modemu omwe amatanthauzidwa ngati USB Ethernet yolumikizira ndi seva yosiyana ya DHCP, kotero izi zimafunikira kukhazikitsa . Njirayi ndi yofanana ndi kukhazikitsa ma modemu mu OpenWRT wamba, chifukwa chake sindifotokoza apa.
Kenako muyenera kukonza mawonekedwe a WAN. Poyamba, makinawa adapanga mawonekedwe awiri a WAN1 ndi WAN2. Ayenera kupatsidwa chipangizo chakuthupi, kwa ine awa ndi mayina a USB modem interfaces.
Kuti mupewe chisokonezo ndi mayina a mawonekedwe, ndikupangira kuwona mauthenga a dmesg ndikulumikizana kudzera pa SSH.
Popeza ma modemu anga amakhala ngati ma routers, ndipo ali ndi seva ya DHCP, ndinayenera kusintha makonzedwe a ma network awo amkati ndikuletsa seva ya DHCP, chifukwa poyamba ma modemu onse amatulutsa ma adiresi kuchokera pa intaneti yomweyo, ndipo izi zimayambitsa mkangano.
OpenMPTCProuter imafuna kuti ma adilesi a WAN akhale osasunthika, kotero timabwera ndi ma subnets a modemu ndikuwakonza mu dongosolo β openmptcprouter β menyu zoikamo mawonekedwe. Apa muyenera kufotokoza adilesi ya IP ndi kiyi ya seva yomwe idapezeka pakukhazikitsa seva yachidule.
Ngati kuyikako kukuyenda bwino, chithunzi chofananacho chiyenera kuwonekera pa tsamba loyimira. Zitha kuwoneka kuti rauta idakwanitsa kufika pa seva yachidule ndipo njira zonse zikugwira ntchito bwino.
Njira yokhazikika ndi shadowsocks + mptcp. Iyi ndi proxy yomwe imakutira maulumikizidwe onse mkati mwake. Imakonzedweratu kuti igwiritse ntchito TCP yokha, koma UDP ikhoza kuthandizidwanso.
Ngati palibe zolakwika pa tsamba la mawonekedwe, kukhazikitsidwa kungaganizidwe kokwanira.
Ndi othandizira ena, zinthu zitha kuchitika pomwe mbendera ya mptcp imadulidwa pamsewu wamagalimoto, ndiye kuti cholakwika chotsatira chidzawoneka:
Pankhaniyi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe osiyana, osagwiritsa ntchito MPTCP, zambiri za izi .
Pomaliza
Pulojekiti ya OpenMPTCProuter ndiyosangalatsa komanso yofunika kwambiri, chifukwa mwina ndiyo njira yokhayo yothetsera vuto lachidule cha njira. Zina zonse zimakhala zotsekedwa mwamphamvu komanso zaumwini, kapena kungopatula ma module omwe munthu wamba sangamvetsetse. Pakalipano, polojekitiyi idakali yonyansa, zolemba zake ndizosauka kwambiri, zinthu zambiri sizinafotokozedwe. Koma nthawi yomweyo zimagwirabe ntchito. Ndikukhulupirira kuti ipitilira kukula, ndipo tipeza ma rauta apanyumba omwe azitha kuphatikiza bwino ma tchanelo kuchokera m'bokosi.
Tsatirani wopanga wathu pa Instagram
Source: www.habr.com