NB-IoT: imagwira ntchito bwanji? Gawo 3: SCEF - zenera limodzi lofikira ntchito za opareshoni

M'nkhaniyi "NB-IoT: imagwira ntchito bwanji? Gawo 2", polankhula za kamangidwe ka paketi ya netiweki ya NB-IoT, tidanena za mawonekedwe atsopano a SCEF. Tikufotokoza mu gawo lachitatu chomwe chiri komanso chifukwa chake chikufunika?

Popanga ntchito ya M2M, opanga mapulogalamu amakumana ndi mafunso awa:

• momwe mungadziwire zida;
• ndi ma aligorivimu otsimikizika otani omwe mungagwiritse ntchito;
• protocol yomwe ingasankhe kuti igwirizane ndi zida;
• momwe mungatumizire deta modalirika kuzipangizo;
• momwe mungakonzekere ndikukhazikitsa malamulo osinthana nawo deta;
• momwe angayang'anire ndikupeza zambiri zokhudza matenda awo pa intaneti;
• momwe mungatumizire nthawi imodzi deta ku gulu la zipangizo zanu;
• momwe mungatumizire nthawi imodzi deta kuchokera ku chipangizo chimodzi kupita kwa makasitomala angapo;
• momwe mungapezere mwayi wolumikizana ndi mautumiki ena owonjezera pakuwongolera chipangizo chanu.

Kuti muwathetse, ndikofunikira kupanga mayankho aukadaulo "olemera", omwe amatsogolera kuchulukidwe kwamitengo yantchito komanso ntchito zogulitsira msika. Apa ndipamene node yatsopano ya SCEF imabwera kudzapulumutsa.

Monga tafotokozera ndi 3GPP, SCEF (service capability exposure function) ndi gawo latsopano la zomangamanga za 3GPP zomwe ntchito yake ndikuwulula motetezeka mautumiki ndi kuthekera koperekedwa ndi 3GPP network interfaces kudzera ma API.

M'mawu osavuta, SCEF ndi mkhalapakati pakati pa netiweki ndi seva yogwiritsira ntchito (AS), zenera limodzi lothandizira ntchito zowongolera chipangizo chanu cha M2M pa netiweki ya NB-IoT kudzera munjira yowoneka bwino, yokhazikika ya API.

SCEF imabisa zovuta za netiweki ya wogwiritsa ntchito, zomwe zimalola opanga mapulogalamu kuti azitha kusiyanitsa zovuta, zamakina okhudzana ndi zida zolumikizirana ndi zida.

Posintha ma protocol a netiweki kukhala API yodziwika bwino kwa opanga mapulogalamu, SCEF API imathandizira kupanga ntchito zatsopano ndikuchepetsa nthawi yogulitsa. Node yatsopanoyi imaphatikizaponso ntchito zozindikiritsa / kutsimikizira zida zam'manja, kufotokozera malamulo osinthira deta pakati pa chipangizocho ndi AS, kuchotsa kufunikira kwa opanga mapulogalamu kuti agwiritse ntchito izi pambali pawo, kusuntha ntchitozi pamapewa a wogwiritsa ntchito.

SCEF imakwirira mawonekedwe ofunikira kuti atsimikizidwe ndi kuvomereza ma seva ogwiritsira ntchito, kusunga kusuntha kwa UE, kusamutsa deta ndi kuyambitsa kwa zida, mwayi wopeza ntchito zowonjezera komanso kuthekera kwa maukonde oyendetsa.

Kulowera ku AS pali mawonekedwe amodzi a T8, API (HTTP/JSON) yokhazikika ndi 3GPP. Ma interfaces onse, kupatula T8, amagwira ntchito molingana ndi DIAMETER protocol (mkuyu 1).

T6a - mawonekedwe pakati pa SCEF ndi MME. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake

S6t - mawonekedwe pakati pa SCEF ndi HSS. Zofunikira kuti zitsimikizidwe za olembetsa, kuvomereza kwa ma seva ogwiritsira ntchito, kupeza kuphatikiza kwa ID yakunja ndi IMSI/MSISDN, kupereka zochitika zowunikira ndikulandila malipoti pa iwo.

S6m/T4 - imalumikizana kuchokera ku SCEF kupita ku HSS ndi SMS-C (3GPP imatanthawuza mfundo ya MTC-IWF, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyambitsa zida ndi kutumiza ma SMS mumanetiweki a NB-IoT. SCEF, kotero kuti muchepetse dera, sitingaganizire padera). Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti apeze zambiri zamayendedwe potumiza ma SMS komanso kulumikizana ndi malo a SMS.

T8 - Mawonekedwe a API okhudzana ndi SCEF ndi maseva ogwiritsira ntchito. Malamulo onse owongolera ndi magalimoto amaperekedwa kudzera mu mawonekedwe awa.

*Zowonadi pali zolumikizira zambiri; zoyambira zokha zomwe zalembedwa apa. Mndandanda wathunthu waperekedwa mu 3GPP 23.682 (4.3.2 List of Reference Points).

Pansipa pali ntchito zazikulu ndi ntchito za SCEF:

• kulumikiza chizindikiritso cha SIM khadi (IMSI) ku ID yakunja;
• kutumiza kwa magalimoto osakhala a IP (Non-IP Data Delivery, NIDD);
• ntchito zamagulu pogwiritsa ntchito ID ya gulu lakunja;
• kuthandizira njira yotumizira deta ndi chitsimikiziro;
• kusunga deta ya MO (Mobile Originated) ndi MT (Mobile Terminated);
• kutsimikizira ndi kuvomereza kwa zipangizo ndi ma seva ogwiritsira ntchito;
• kugwiritsa ntchito munthawi yomweyo data kuchokera ku UE imodzi ndi ma AS angapo;
• kuthandizira ntchito zapadera zowunikira mawonekedwe a UE (MONTE - Monitoring Events);
• chipangizo choyambitsa;
• popereka ma data osakhala a IP oyendayenda.

Mfundo yayikulu yolumikizirana pakati pa AS ndi SCEF imachokera pa zomwe zimatchedwa chiwembu. zolembetsa. Ngati kuli kofunikira kuti mupeze ntchito iliyonse ya SCEF ya UE inayake, seva yofunsira iyenera kulembetsa potumiza lamulo ku API yapadera ya ntchito yomwe wapemphedwa ndikulandila chizindikiritso chapadera poyankha. Pambuyo pake zochita zina zonse ndi kulumikizana ndi UE mkati mwantchitoyi zidzachitika pogwiritsa ntchito chizindikiritso ichi.

ID Yakunja: Chizindikiritso cha zida zonse

Chimodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri pamachitidwe olumikizirana pakati pa AS ndi zida mukamagwira ntchito kudzera mu SCEF ndikuwoneka kwa chizindikiritso chapadziko lonse lapansi. Tsopano, m'malo mwa nambala yafoni (MSISDN) kapena adilesi ya IP, monga momwe zinalili mu netiweki yapamwamba ya 2G/3G/LTE, chizindikiritso cha chipangizo cha seva yofunsira chimakhala "ID yakunja". Zimatanthauzidwa ndi mulingo wa "@" womwe umadziwika kwa opanga mapulogalamu.

Madivelopa sakufunikanso kugwiritsa ntchito ma aligorivimu otsimikizira zida; netiweki imatengera izi. Chidziwitso chakunja chimamangiriridwa ku IMSI, ndipo wopanga akhoza kukhala wotsimikiza kuti akafika pa ID inayake yakunja, amalumikizana ndi SIM khadi. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito SIM chip, mumapeza mawonekedwe apadera pomwe ID yakunja imazindikiritsa chipangizo china chake!

Kuphatikiza apo, ma ID angapo akunja amatha kulumikizidwa ndi IMSI imodzi - zinthu zosangalatsa kwambiri zimachitika pomwe ID yakunja imazindikiritsa mwapadera pulogalamu yomwe imagwira ntchito pazida zinazake.

Chizindikiritso cha gulu chimawonekeranso - ID ya gulu lakunja, lomwe limaphatikizapo ma ID akunja. Tsopano, ndi pempho limodzi ku SCEF, AS ikhoza kuyambitsa ntchito zamagulu - kutumiza deta kapena kulamulira malamulo kuzipangizo zambiri zogwirizanitsidwa mu gulu limodzi lomveka.

Chifukwa chakuti kwa opanga AS kusintha kwa chipangizo chozindikiritsa chatsopano sikungakhale nthawi yomweyo, SCEF inasiya kuthekera kwa AS kulankhulana ndi UE kupyolera mu nambala yokhazikika - MSISDN.

Kutumiza kwa magalimoto omwe si a IP (Non-IP Data Delivery, NIDD)

Mu NB-IoT, monga gawo la kukhathamiritsa kwa njira zotumizira pang'onopang'ono deta, kuwonjezera pa mitundu yomwe ilipo kale ya PDN, monga IPv4, IPv6 ndi IPv4v6, mtundu wina wawonekera - osati IP. Pankhaniyi, chipangizo (UE) sichinapatsidwe adilesi ya IP ndipo deta imatumizidwa popanda kugwiritsa ntchito protocol ya IP. Magalimoto olumikizirana otere amatha kuyendetsedwa m'njira ziwiri: zachikale - MME -> SGW -> PGW kenako kudzera mumsewu wa PtP kupita ku AS (mkuyu 2) kapena kugwiritsa ntchito SCEF (mkuyu 3).

Njira yachikale siyimapereka mwayi uliwonse wapadera pa IP traffic, kupatula kuchepetsa kukula kwa mapaketi opatsirana chifukwa chosowa mitu ya IP. Kugwiritsa ntchito SCEF kumatsegula njira zingapo zatsopano komanso kumathandizira kwambiri njira zolumikizirana ndi zida.

Mukatumiza deta kudzera pa SCEF, maubwino awiri ofunikira amawonekera pamayendedwe apamwamba a IP:


Kutumiza kwa MT traffic ku chipangizocho kudzera pa ID yakunja

Kutumiza uthenga ku chipangizo chapamwamba cha IP, AS ayenera kudziwa adilesi yake ya IP. Apa pali vuto: popeza chipangizochi nthawi zambiri chimalandira adilesi ya IP "imvi" ikalembetsa, imalumikizana ndi seva yofunsira, yomwe ili pa intaneti, kudzera mu node ya NAT, pomwe adilesi ya imvi imasinthidwa kukhala yoyera. Kuphatikiza kwa ma adilesi a IP a imvi ndi oyera kumakhala kwakanthawi kochepa, kutengera makonzedwe a NAT. Pafupifupi, kwa TCP kapena UDP - osapitirira mphindi zisanu. Ndiko kuti, ngati palibe kusinthana kwa deta ndi chipangizochi mkati mwa maminiti a 5, kugwirizana kudzasokonekera ndipo chipangizocho sichidzapezekanso pa adiresi yoyera yomwe gawoli ndi AS linayambika. Pali mayankho angapo:

1. Gwiritsani ntchito kugunda kwa mtima. Kulumikizika kukakhazikitsidwa, chipangizochi chiyenera kusinthana mapaketi ndi AS mphindi zingapo zilizonse, kuletsa zomasulira za NAT kutseka. Koma sipangakhale zokamba za mphamvu iliyonse yamagetsi apa.

2. Nthawi iliyonse, ngati kuli kofunikira, yang'anani kupezeka kwa phukusi la chipangizo pa AS - tumizani uthenga ku uplink.

3. Pangani APN yachinsinsi (VRF), kumene seva yogwiritsira ntchito ndi zipangizo zidzakhala pa subnet yomweyo, ndikugawa maadiresi a IP osasunthika kuzipangizo. Zidzagwira ntchito, koma ndizosatheka pamene tikukamba za gulu la zikwi, zikwi makumi a zipangizo.

4. Pomaliza, njira yabwino kwambiri: gwiritsani ntchito IPv6, sikutanthauza NAT, popeza ma adilesi a IPv6 amapezeka mwachindunji pa intaneti. Komabe, ngakhale pamenepa, chipangizocho chikalembetsanso, chidzalandira adilesi yatsopano ya IPv6 ndipo sichidzapezekanso pogwiritsa ntchito yoyambayo.

Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kutumiza paketi yoyambira yokhala ndi chizindikiritso cha chipangizo ku seva kuti munene adilesi yatsopano ya IP ya chipangizocho. Kenako dikirani paketi yotsimikizira kuchokera ku AS, yomwe imakhudzanso mphamvu zamagetsi.

Njirazi zimagwira ntchito bwino pazida za 2G/3G/LTE, pomwe chipangizocho chilibe zofunikira zodziyimira pawokha ndipo, chifukwa chake, palibe zoletsa pa airtime ndi magalimoto. Njirazi sizoyenera ku NB-IoT chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri.

SCEF imathetsa vutoli: popeza chizindikiritso chokha cha chipangizo cha AS ndi ID yakunja, AS imangofunika kutumiza paketi ya data ku SCEF pa ID yapadera yakunja, ndipo SCEF imasamalira ena onse. Ngati chipangizocho chili mu PSM kapena eDRX posungira mphamvu, deta idzasungidwa ndi kuperekedwa chipangizocho chikapezeka. Ngati chipangizocho chilipo chifukwa cha magalimoto, deta idzaperekedwa nthawi yomweyo. N'chimodzimodzinso ndi magulu oyang'anira.

Nthawi iliyonse, AS ikhoza kukumbukira uthenga womwe wasungidwa ku EU kapena m'malo mwake ndi wina watsopano.

Makina osungira amatha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito potumiza deta ya MO kuchokera ku UE kupita ku AS. Ngati SCEF sinathe kupereka deta ku AS nthawi yomweyo, mwachitsanzo ngati ntchito yokonza ikupitirira pa ma seva a AS, mapaketiwa adzasungidwa ndikutsimikiziridwa kuti adzaperekedwa mwamsanga AS ikupezeka.

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, kupeza ntchito inayake ndi UE kwa AS (ndipo NIDD ndi ntchito) kumayendetsedwa ndi malamulo ndi ndondomeko kumbali ya SCEF, zomwe zimalola mwayi wapadera wogwiritsa ntchito deta nthawi imodzi kuchokera ku UE imodzi ndi ma AS angapo. Iwo. ngati AS angapo adalembetsa ku UE imodzi, ndiye atalandira zambiri kuchokera ku UE, SCEF itumiza kwa onse omwe adalembetsa AS. Izi ndizoyenererana ndi zochitika zomwe wopanga gulu la zida zapadera amagawana deta pakati pa makasitomala angapo. Mwachitsanzo, popanga netiweki yamasiteshoni anyengo yomwe ikuyenda pa NB-IoT, mutha kugulitsa data kuchokera kwa iwo kupita ku mautumiki ambiri nthawi imodzi.

Njira yotsimikizika yotumizira uthenga

Reliable Data Service ndi njira yoperekera mauthenga otsimikizika a MO ndi MT popanda kugwiritsa ntchito ma algorithms apadera pamlingo wa protocol, monga, mwachitsanzo, kugwirana chanza mu TCP. Zimagwira ntchito pophatikiza mbendera yapadera mu gawo lautumiki la uthengawo mukasinthana pakati pa UE ndi SCEF. Kaya kapena ayi kuyambitsa makinawa potumiza magalimoto kumasankhidwa ndi AS.

Ngati makinawo atsegulidwa, UE imaphatikizapo mbendera yapadera pamutu wa paketi ikafunika kuperekedwa motsimikizika kwa magalimoto a MO. Ikalandira paketi yotere, SCEF imayankha ku UE ndikuvomereza. Ngati UE silandira paketi yovomerezeka, paketi yopita ku SCEF idzatumizidwanso. Zomwezo zimachitikanso pamagalimoto a MT.

Kuyang'anira chipangizo (kuwunika zochitika - MONTE)

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, magwiridwe antchito a SCEF, mwa zina, akuphatikizapo ntchito zowunikira dziko la UE, zomwe zimatchedwa. kuyang'anira chipangizo. Ndipo ngati zozindikiritsa zatsopano ndi njira zotumizira deta ndizokongoletsedwa (ngakhale zovuta kwambiri) za njira zomwe zilipo, ndiye kuti MONTE ndi ntchito yatsopano yomwe sipezeka mu maukonde a 2G/3G/LTE. MONTE imalola AS kuyang'anira magawo a chipangizo monga momwe amalumikizirana, kupezeka kwa kulumikizana, malo, mawonekedwe oyendayenda, ndi zina. Tikambirana chilichonse mwatsatanetsatane pambuyo pake.

Ngati kuli kofunikira kuyambitsa chochitika chilichonse chowunikira chida kapena gulu la zida, AS imalembetsa ntchito yofananirayo potumiza lamulo lofananira la API MONTE ku SCEF, lomwe limaphatikizapo magawo monga ID yakunja kapena ID ya gulu lakunja, chizindikiritso cha AS, kuwunika. mtundu, chiwerengero cha malipoti, omwe AS akufuna kulandira. Ngati AS akuloledwa kuchita pempho, SCEF, malingana ndi mtundu, adzapereka chochitika kwa HSS kapena MME (mkuyu 4). Chochitika chikachitika, MME kapena HSS imapanga lipoti ku SCEF, lomwe limatumiza kwa AS.

Kupereka zochitika zonse, kupatulapo "Nambala ya UEs yomwe ilipo m'dera la malo", imachitika kudzera mu HSS. Zochitika ziwiri "Change of IMSI-IMEI Association" ndi "Roaming Status" zimatsatiridwa mwachindunji pa HSS, zina zonse zidzaperekedwa ndi HSS pa MME.
Zochitika zitha kuchitika nthawi imodzi kapena pafupipafupi, ndipo zimatsimikiziridwa ndi mtundu wawo.

Kutumiza lipoti la chochitika (malipoti) kumachitidwa ndi mfundo yomwe imatsata zochitikazo mwachindunji ku SCEF (Mkuyu 5).

Mfundo yofunikira: Zochitika zowunikira zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zonse zomwe si za IP zolumikizidwa kudzera pa zida za SCEF ndi IP zomwe zimatumiza deta munjira yachikale kudzera pa MME-SGW-PGW.

Tiyeni tiwone mwatsatanetsatane zochitika zonse zowunikira:

Kutayika kwa kulumikizana - imadziwitsa AS kuti UE sikupezekanso pamayendedwe a data kapena kusaina. Chochitikacho chimachitika pamene "mobile accessability timer" ya EU itatha pa MME. Pempho la mtundu uwu wowunikira, AS ikhoza kuwonetsa mtengo wake wa "Maximum Detection Time" - ngati panthawiyi UE sikuwonetsa ntchito iliyonse, AS idzadziwitsidwa kuti UE palibe, kusonyeza chifukwa chake. Chochitikacho chimachitikanso ngati EU idachotsedwa mokakamiza ndi intaneti pazifukwa zilizonse.

* Kuti ma netiweki adziwe kuti chipangizocho chikupezekabe, nthawi ndi nthawi chimayambitsa njira yosinthira - Tracking Area Update (TAU). Kuchuluka kwa njirayi kumayikidwa ndi netiweki pogwiritsa ntchito timer T3412 kapena (T3412_extended pankhani ya PSM), mtengo wake umaperekedwa ku chipangizo panthawi ya Attach kapena TAU yotsatira. Nthawi yofikira pa mafoni nthawi zambiri imakhala yotalikirapo mphindi zingapo kuposa T3412. Ngati UE sinapange TAU isanathe nthawi ya "Mobile reachability timer", maukonde amawona kuti sangafikirenso.

Kupezeka kwa EU - Imawonetsa pamene UE ikupezeka pamayendedwe a DL kapena SMS. Izi zimachitika pamene UE ikupezeka pa paging (kwa UE mu mode eDRX) kapena pamene UE ilowa mu ECM-CONNECTED mode (kwa UE mu PSM kapena eDRX mode), mwachitsanzo. amapanga TAU kapena kutumiza paketi ya uplink.

Malipoti a malo - Zochitika zamtunduwu zimalola AS kuti afunse komwe kuli EU. Kaya malo omwe alipo (Malo Apano) kapena malo omaliza omwe amadziwika (Kutsimikiziridwa ndi ID ya foni yomwe chipangizocho chinapanga TAU kapena kutumizira magalimoto nthawi yapitayi) akhoza kufunsidwa, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi zipangizo za PSM kapena eDRX zopulumutsa mphamvu. Kwa "Malo Apano", AS ikhoza kupempha mayankho mobwerezabwereza, ndi MME kudziwitsa AS nthawi iliyonse malo a chipangizocho asintha.

Kusintha kwa IMSI-IMEI Association - Chochitikachi chikatsegulidwa, SCEF imayamba kuwunika zosintha kuphatikiza IMSI (chizindikiritso cha SIM khadi) ndi IMEI (chizindikiritso cha chipangizo). Chochitika chikachitika, amadziwitsa AS. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kumangiriza ID yakunja ku chipangizo panthawi yomwe yakonzedwa kapena kukhala ngati chizindikiritso chakubedwa kwa chipangizocho.

Mkhalidwe Woyendayenda - kuwunika kwamtunduwu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi AS kuti adziwe ngati UE ili pa intaneti yapanyumba kapena pa intaneti ya mnzake woyendayenda. Mwachidziwitso, PLMN (Public Land Mobile Network) ya ogwiritsira ntchito momwe chipangizochi chimalembedwera chikhoza kufalitsidwa.

Kulephera kulumikizana - Kuwunika kotereku kumadziwitsa AS za kulephera kwa kulumikizana ndi chipangizocho, kutengera zifukwa za kutayika kwa kulumikizana (kodi yotulutsa chifukwa) yolandilidwa kuchokera ku netiweki yolumikizira wailesi (S1-AP protocol). Chochitikachi chingathandize kudziwa chifukwa chake kuyankhulana kwalephera - chifukwa cha mavuto pa intaneti, mwachitsanzo, pamene eNodeb yadzaza (zinthu za wailesi sizikupezeka) kapena chifukwa cha kulephera kwa chipangizocho (Radio Connection With UE Lost).

Kupezeka pambuyo pa Kulephera kwa DDN - chochitika ichi chimadziwitsa AS kuti chipangizocho chakhalapo pambuyo polephera kulankhulana. Ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pakufunika kusamutsa deta ku chipangizo, koma kuyesa koyambirira sikunapambane chifukwa UE sinayankhe chidziwitso kuchokera pa intaneti (paging) ndipo deta sinaperekedwe. Ngati kuyang'anitsitsa kotereku kwapemphedwa ku UE, ndiye mwamsanga pamene chipangizocho chimapanga kulankhulana kolowera, chimapanga TAU kapena kutumiza deta ku uplink, AS idzadziwitsidwa kuti chipangizocho chapezeka. Popeza ndondomeko ya DDN (downlink data notification) imagwira ntchito pakati pa MME ndi S/P-GW, kuwunika kwamtunduwu kumangopezeka pazida za IP.

PDN Kulumikizana Status - imadziwitsa AS pomwe mawonekedwe a chipangizocho asintha (kulumikizana kwa PDN) - kulumikizana (kutsegula kwa PDN) kapena kuchotsedwa (kuchotsa PDN). Izi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi AS kuyambitsa kulumikizana ndi UE, kapena mosemphanitsa, kumvetsetsa kuti kulumikizana sikungatheke. Kuwunika kotereku kulipo pazida za IP komanso zomwe sizili za IP.

Chiwerengero cha ma UE omwe amapezeka m'derali - Kuwunika kotereku kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi AS kuti adziwe kuchuluka kwa ma UE kudera linalake.

Chipangizo choyambitsa)

Mu maukonde a 2G/3G, njira yolembetsera maukonde inali magawo awiri: choyamba, chipangizo cholembetsedwa ndi SGSN (ndondomeko yophatikizira), ndiye, ngati kuli kofunikira, idayambitsa nkhani ya PDP - kulumikizana ndi paketi pachipata (GGSN) kutumiza deta. Mu maukonde a 3G, njira ziwirizi zidachitika motsatizana, i.e. chipangizocho sichinadikire nthawi yomwe chimayenera kusamutsa deta, koma chinayambitsa PDP nthawi yomweyo ndondomekoyi itatha. Mu LTE, njira ziwirizi zidaphatikizidwa kukhala imodzi, ndiko kuti, polumikiza, chipangizocho chinapempha nthawi yomweyo kuyambitsa kulumikizidwa kwa PDN (kofanana ndi PDP mu 2G/3G) kudzera pa eNodeB kupita ku MME-SGW-PGW.

NB-IoT imatanthawuza njira yolumikizira ngati "kuphatikiza popanda PDN", ndiko kuti, UE imamatira popanda kukhazikitsa kulumikizana kwa PDN. Pankhaniyi, sichipezeka kufalitsa magalimoto, ndipo imatha kulandira kapena kutumiza SMS. Kuti mutumize lamulo ku chipangizo chotero kuti mutsegule PDN ndikugwirizanitsa ndi AS, ntchito ya "Device triggering" inapangidwa.

Mukalandira lamulo loti mugwirizane ndi UE yotere kuchokera ku AS, SCEF imayambitsa kutumiza SMS yolamulira ku chipangizocho kudzera pakatikati pa SMS. Mukalandira SMS, chipangizocho chimatsegula PDN ndikugwirizanitsa ndi AS kuti alandire malangizo ena kapena kusamutsa deta.

Pakhoza kukhala nthawi zomwe kulembetsa kwa chipangizo chanu kumatha pa SCEF. Inde, kulembetsa kumakhala ndi nthawi yakeyake, yokhazikitsidwa ndi wogwiritsa ntchito kapena kuvomereza AS. Ikatha, PDN idzatsekedwa pa MME ndipo chipangizocho sichidzapezeka kwa AS. Pankhaniyi, ntchito ya "Device triggering" ithandizanso. Mukalandira zatsopano kuchokera ku AS, SCEF ipeza momwe chipangizocho chikugwiritsidwira ntchito ndikupereka chidziwitsocho kudzera pa njira ya SMS.

Pomaliza

Magwiridwe a SCEF, ndithudi, sali pa mautumiki omwe tafotokozedwa pamwambapa ndipo akusintha nthawi zonse ndikukula. Pakadali pano, ntchito zopitilira khumi ndi ziwiri zakhazikitsidwa kale za SCEF. Tsopano tangokhudza ntchito zazikulu zomwe zikufunidwa kuchokera kwa opanga; tidzakambirana zina zonse m'nkhani zamtsogolo.

Funso limadzuka nthawi yomweyo: momwe mungapezere mayeso a "chozizwitsa" ichi kuti muyesedwe koyambirira ndikuwongolera milandu yomwe ingatheke? Zonse ndi zophweka. Wopanga aliyense akhoza kutumiza pempho kwa [imelo ndiotetezedwa], momwe kuli kokwanira kusonyeza cholinga cha kugwirizana, kufotokoza za vuto lomwe lingatheke ndi mauthenga okhudzana ndi kulankhulana.

Zikomo kwambiri!

Olemba:

• katswiri wamkulu wa dipatimenti ya convergent mayankho ndi matumizidwe ophatikizika amawu, nyimbo ndi zithunzi ntchito SERGEY Novikov sanu,
• katswiri wa dipatimenti ya convergent solutions and multimedia services services Alexey Lapshin mwala

Source: www.habr.com