Simufunikanso kukhala wopanga ma chip kuti mukonzekere ma FPGA, monganso simuyenera kukhala C++ wopanga mapulogalamu kuti mulembe ma code mu Java. Komabe, muzochitika zonsezi zingakhale zothandiza.
Cholinga chotsatsa matekinoloje onse a Java ndi FPGA ndikutsutsa zomwe zanenedwazi. Nkhani yabwino kwa ma FPGA - kugwiritsa ntchito zigawo zolondola ndi zida zogwiritsira ntchito, zaka 35 zapitazi kuyambira pomwe zidapangidwanso, kupanga ma aligorivimu ndikuyenda kwa data kwa FPGAs m'malo mwa CPUs, DSPs, GPUs kapena mtundu wina uliwonse wachikhalidwe cha ASIC. zofala kwambiri.
Kukhazikika kodabwitsa kwa chilengedwe chawo kumawonekera chifukwa chakuti pamene ma CPU sakanatha kukhalabe gawo lokhalo la makompyuta a malo opangira deta kuti agwire ntchito zambiri - pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana - FPGAs inakwaniritsa mphamvu zawo, kupereka liwiro, kutsika kwafupi, kutha kwa intaneti. ndi kukumbukira - kuthekera kosiyanasiyana kwamakompyuta amakono a FPGA SoCs, omwe ali pafupifupi makina apakompyuta athunthu. Komabe, ma FPGA amaphatikizidwanso bwino ndi zida zina zamakina osakanizidwa, ndipo, m'malingaliro athu, akungoyamba kumene kupeza malo oyenera muulamuliro wamakompyuta.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake tidakonza msonkhano wa Next FPGA Platform ku San Jose pa Januware 22. Mwachilengedwe, m'modzi mwa ogulitsa FPGA padziko lonse lapansi komanso mpainiya mderali ndi Xilinx. Ivo Bolsens, wachiwiri kwa wachiwiri kwa purezidenti komanso wamkulu waukadaulo ku Xilinx, adalankhula pamsonkhanowu ndipo adatipatsa malingaliro ake lero momwe Xilinx ikuthandizire kupanga makina osinthika osinthira ma data.
Zinatengera omanga dongosolo ndi okonza mapulogalamu nthawi yochuluka kuti abwere ndi heterogeneous data center, yomwe idzakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphamvu zamakompyuta zomwe zimathetsa mavuto pamakompyuta, kusungirako ndi kugwirizanitsa. Izi zikuwoneka kuti ndizofunikira chifukwa zikukhala zovuta kutsatira Chilamulo cha Moore pogwiritsa ntchito zida zosiyanasiyana za CMOS. Pakalipano, chinenero chathu chidakali CPU-centric, ndipo timalankhulabe za "application acceleration," kutanthauza kupanga mapulogalamu kuyenda bwino kusiyana ndi zomwe zingatheke pa ma CPU okha. M'kupita kwa nthawi, malo opangira data adzakhala zosonkhanitsa mphamvu zamakompyuta, kusunga deta, ndi ndondomeko zomwe zimagwirizanitsa chirichonse, ndipo tidzabwereranso ku mawu monga "computing" ndi "applications." Hybrid computing idzakhala yachilendo ngati ntchito zamasiku ano zamtambo zomwe zikuyenda pakompyuta kapena pamakina enieni, ndipo nthawi ina tidzangogwiritsa ntchito mawu oti "computing" pofotokoza momwe amagwirira ntchito. Nthawi ina - ndipo ndizotheka kuti ma FPGA athandizira nthawi ino - tidzayitchanso kukonza deta.
Kutengera ma FPGA m'malo opangira ma data kudzafunika kusintha kwamaganizidwe. "Mukaganizira za njira zofulumizitsira ntchito masiku ano, muyenera kudziwa momwe zimayendera, ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, komwe nthawi imathera," akufotokoza motero Bolsen. - Muyenera kuphunzira vuto lalikulu lomwe mukuyesera kuthetsa. Ntchito zambiri zomwe zikuyenda m'malo opangira ma data masiku ano zimawononga ndalama zambiri. Tengani kuphunzira pamakina, mwachitsanzo, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ma node ambiri apakompyuta. Koma tikamanena za kufulumizitsa, sitiyenera kuganizira za kufulumizitsa makompyuta, komanso kufulumizitsa zomangamanga. ”
Mwachitsanzo, mu mtundu wa makina ophunzirira makina omwe a Bolsen adaphunzira pochita, pafupifupi 50% ya nthawi imathera kusamutsa deta mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo pakati pa mphamvu ya kompyuta yomwazika, ndipo theka lotsala la nthawi limathera pa mawerengedwe okha.
"Apa ndipamene ndikuganiza kuti FPGA ingathandize, chifukwa titha kuwonetsetsa kuti zonse zowerengera komanso zolumikizirana pakugwiritsa ntchito zikukwaniritsidwa. Ndipo titha kuchita izi pamlingo wonse wa zomangamanga, komanso pamlingo wa chip. Uwu ndi umodzi mwamaubwino a FPGAs, kukulolani kuti mupange maukonde olumikizirana pazofuna zinazake. Kutengera momwe amasinthira deta pazambiri za AI, sindikuwona kufunikira kwa zomangamanga zovuta zosinthira. Mutha kupanga netiweki yokhala ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa data. Zomwezo zimagwiranso ntchito ku neural network yophunzitsira - mutha kupanga netiweki ya mauna okhala ndi mapaketi omwe amafanana ndi ntchito inayake. Pogwiritsa ntchito FPGA, ma protocol otengera ma data ndi ma topologies ozungulira amatha kuwerengeredwa bwino kwambiri ndikupangidwa kuti agwiritse ntchito. Ndipo pankhani ya kuphunzira pamakina, zikuwonekeranso kuti sitifunikira manambala oyandama olondola kawiri, ndipo titha kusinthanso izi. ”
Kusiyanitsa pakati pa FPGA ndi CPU kapena mwambo wa ASIC ndikuti zotsirizirazi zimakonzedwa kufakitale, ndipo pambuyo pake simungathenso kusintha malingaliro anu pamitundu ya data yomwe ikuwerengedwa kapena zinthu zomwe zikuwerengedwa, kapena za mtundu wa data. kuyenda kudutsa chipangizo. Ma FPGA amakulolani kuti musinthe malingaliro anu ngati machitidwe ogwirira ntchito asintha.
M'mbuyomu, mwayi uwu udabwera pamtengo, pomwe pulogalamu ya FPGA sinali ya ofooka mtima. Chofunikira ndikutsegula ma compilers a FPGA kuti aphatikizire bwino ndi zida zomwe opanga mapulogalamu amagwiritsa ntchito polemba ma CPU-parallel application mu C, C++, kapena Python, ndikupereka zina mwantchito kuma library omwe amafulumizitsa njira pa FPGAs. Izi ndi zomwe makina ophunzirira makina a Vitis amachita, kupatsa mphamvu nsanja za ML ngati Caffe ndi TensorFlow, zokhala ndi malaibulale oyendetsa mitundu wamba ya AI kapena kuwonjezera mphamvu za FPGA kuzinthu ngati mavidiyo, kuzindikira zinthu zamakanema, ndi kusanthula deta. -malaibulale achipani.
Lingaliro ili silosiyana kwambiri ndi pulojekiti ya Nvidia ya CUDA, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa zaka khumi zapitazo, yomwe imatsitsa ma computing ofanana ndi ma GPU accelerators, kapena kuchokera ku AMD ROCm toolkit, kapena kuchokera ku lonjezo la polojekiti ya Intel's OneAPI, yomwe iyenera kuyendetsa ma CPU osiyanasiyana, ma GPU ndi FPGA.
Funso lokhalo ndilakuti zida zonsezi zidzalumikizidwa bwanji kuti munthu aliyense athe kukonza mphamvu zamakompyuta pakufuna kwawo. Izi ndizofunikira chifukwa ma FPGA akhala ovuta, ovuta kwambiri kuposa ma CPU omwe alipo. Amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zotsogola kwambiri zopangira komanso matekinoloje amakono opangira ma chip. Ndipo adzapeza niche yawo, popeza sitingathe kuwononga nthawi, ndalama, mphamvu ndi nzeru - zonsezi ndizinthu zodula kwambiri.
"FPGAs imapereka zabwino zaukadaulo," akutero Bolsen. - Ndipo uku sikungokhala kutsatsa kwanthawi zonse kokhudzana ndi kusinthika komanso kusinthikanso. Muzofunikira zonse - kuphunzira pamakina, kusanthula ma graph, kugulitsa mwachangu, ndi zina zambiri. - ali ndi mphamvu yogwirizana ndi ntchito inayake osati njira yogawa deta, komanso mapangidwe a kukumbukira - momwe deta imayendera mkati mwa chip. Ma FPGA alinso ndi zokumbukira zambiri zomwe zidamangidwamo kuposa zida zina. Ziyeneranso kuganiziridwa kuti ngati ntchito sikugwirizana ndi FPGA imodzi, mutha kupitilira tchipisi zingapo osakumana ndi zovuta zomwe zimakuyembekezerani mukakulitsa ntchito pama CPU angapo kapena ma GPU. ”
Source: www.habr.com