Netplan ndi momwe mungakonzekere bwino

Ubuntu ndi njira yodabwitsa yogwiritsira ntchito, sindinagwirepo ntchito ndi seva ya Ubuntu kwa nthawi yaitali ndipo panalibe chifukwa chokweza Desktop yanga kuchokera ku mtundu wokhazikika. Ndipo posakhalitsa ndinayenera kuthana ndi kumasulidwa kwaposachedwa kwa Ubuntu seva 18.04, kudabwa kwanga sikunali malire pamene ndinazindikira kuti ndinali kumbuyo kwa nthawiyo ndipo sindingathe kukhazikitsa maukonde chifukwa dongosolo labwino lakale lokhazikitsa maukonde ndi. kusintha / etc/network file/interfaces kwatsika kukhetsa. Ndipo nchiyani chinabwera kudzasintha? china choyipa ndipo poyang'ana koyamba chosamvetsetseka, kukumana ndi "Netplan".

Kunena zoona, poyamba sindinkamvetsa kuti vuto linali chiyani ndipo “chifukwa chiyani izi zinali zofunika, chifukwa chilichonse chinali chosavuta,” koma nditangoyeserera pang'ono ndinazindikira kuti ili ndi chithumwa chake. tiyeni tipitilize ndi zomwe Netplan ili, ichi ndi chida chatsopano chosinthira maukonde ku Ubuntu, osachepera "Sindinawonepo chonga ichi pamagawidwe ena." Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa Netplan ndikuti kasinthidweko kumalembedwa m'chinenerocho. YAML, inde, munamva bwino YAML, opanga adaganiza zoyendera nthawi (ndipo ngakhale atatamandidwa bwanji, ndikuganizabe kuti ndi chilankhulo choyipa). Choyipa chachikulu cha chilankhulochi ndikuti chimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi malo, tiyeni tiwone masinthidwe pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo.

Mafayilo osinthika ali m'mphepete mwa njira /etc/netplan/filename.yaml, pakati pa chipika chilichonse payenera kukhala + 2 mipata.

1) Mutu wokhazikika umawoneka motere:

network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    enp3s0f0:
      dhcp4:no

Tiyeni tiwone zomwe tachita tsopano:

• network: - ichi ndi chiyambi cha block block.
• renderer: networkd - apa tikuwonetsa manejala wa netiweki omwe tidzagwiritse ntchito, mwina ndi networkd kapena NetworkManager
• mtundu: 2 - apa, monga ndikumvera, ndiye mtundu wa YAML.
• ethernets: - chipika ichi chikuwonetsa kuti tidzakonza protocol ya ethernet.
• enps0f0: - onetsani adaputala ya netiweki yomwe tidzakonza.
• dhcp4: ayi - zimitsani DHCP v4, kwa 6 v6 dhcp6 motsatana

2) Tiyeni tiyese kugawa ma adilesi a IP:

    enp3s0f0:
      dhcp4:no
      macaddress: bb:11:13:ab:ff:32
      addresses: [10.10.10.2/24, 10.10.10.3/24]
      gateway4: 10.10.10.1
      nameservers:
        addresses: 8.8.8.8

Apa timayika poppy, ipv4, gateway ndi dns seva. Dziwani kuti ngati tikufuna ma adilesi angapo a IP, ndiye kuti timawalemba olekanitsidwa ndi ma koma ndi malo ovomerezeka pambuyo pake.

3) Bwanji ngati tikufuna kugwirizana?

  bonds:
    bond0:
      dhcp4: no
      interfaces: [enp3s0f0, enp3s0f1]
      parameters: 
        mode: 802.3ad
        mii-monitor-interval: 1

• bond: - chipika chofotokozera kuti tidzakonza mgwirizano.
• bond0: - dzina losasinthika.
• interfaces: - gulu la zolumikizira zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa mu "bond-ding", "monga tanenera kale, ngati pali magawo angapo, timawafotokozera m'mabulaketi apakati."
• magawo: - fotokozani chipika chokhazikitsira magawo
• mode: - tchulani njira yomwe kugwirizana kudzagwira ntchito.
• mii-monitor-interval: - ikani nthawi yowunikira kukhala sekondi imodzi.

Mkati mwa chipika chotchedwa bond, muthanso kukonza magawo monga ma adilesi, gateway4, mayendedwe, ndi zina.

Tawonjezera redundancy pa network yathu, chomwe chatsala ndikuyika ku ndipo kukhazikitsidwa kungaganizidwe kokwanira.

vlans: 
    vlan10:
      id: 10
      link: bond0
      dhcp4: no
      addresses: [10.10.10.2/24]
      gateway: 10.10.10.1
      routes:
        - to: 10.10.10.2/24
          via: 10.10.10.1
          on-link: true

• vlans: - lengezani zosintha za vlan.
• vlan10: - dzina losasinthika la mawonekedwe a vlan.
• id: - tag ya vlan yathu.
• ulalo: - mawonekedwe omwe vlan ipezeka.
• njira: - lengezani chipika chofotokozera njira.
• — ku: — khazikitsani adilesi/subnet kumene njira ikufunika.
• kudzera: - tchulani njira yomwe subnet yathu idzafikire.
• pa-link: - timasonyeza kuti njira ziyenera kulembedwa nthawi zonse pamene ulalo wakwezedwa.

Samalani momwe ndimayika malo; izi ndizofunikira kwambiri ku YAML.

Chifukwa chake tidafotokozera zolumikizirana ndi netiweki, kupanga kulumikizana, komanso kuwonjezera ma vlan. Tiyeni tigwiritse ntchito config, lamulo la netplan application liyang'ana zosintha zathu ndikuziyika ngati zikuyenda bwino.Kenako, config idzakwezedwa yokha pamene makinawo ayambiranso.

Titasonkhanitsa midadada yonse yam'mbuyomu, izi ndi zomwe tili nazo:

network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    enp3s0f0:
      dhcp4: no
    ensp3s0f1:
      dhcp4: no
  bonds:
    bond0:
      dhcp4: no
      interfaces: [enp3s0f0, enp3s0f1]
      parameters: 
        mode: 802.3ad
        mii-monitor-interval: 1
  vlan10:
      id: 10
      link: bond0
      dhcp4: no
      addresses: [10.10.10.2/24]
      routes:
        - to: 10.10.10.2/24
          via: 10.10.10.1
          on-link: true
  vlan20:
    id: 20
    link: bond0
    dhcp4: no
    addresses: [10.10.11.2/24]
    gateway: 10.10.11.1
    nameserver:
      addresses: [8.8.8.8]
    

Tsopano maukonde athu ali okonzeka kugwira ntchito, zonse zidakhala zosawopsa monga zimawonekera poyamba ndipo code idakhala yokongola komanso yowerengeka. PC zikomo chifukwa cha netplan pali buku labwino kwambiri pa ulalo https://netplan.io/.

Source: www.habr.com