0. Chiyambi, kapena pang'ono chabeNkhaniyi idabadwa chifukwa ndizovuta kwambiri kupeza zofananira zamapulogalamu otere, kapena mndandanda chabe, pamalo amodzi. Tiyenera fosholo mulu wa zinthu kufika osachepera mtundu wina wa mapeto.
Pankhani imeneyi, ndinaganiza kupulumutsa nthawi pang'ono ndi khama kwa anthu amene ali ndi chidwi ndi nkhaniyi, ndipo anasonkhanitsa malo pazipita zotheka, kuwerenga bwino ndi ine, chiwerengero cha machitidwe kwa maukonde mapping'a malo amodzi.
Zina mwazinthu zomwe zafotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi zayesedwa ndi ine ndekha. Mwachiwonekere, awa anali matembenuzidwe achikale panthawiyi. Ndikuwona zina mwa zotsatirazi kwa nthawi yoyamba, ndipo zambiri za izo zinasonkhanitsidwa monga gawo la kukonzekera kwa nkhaniyi.
Chifukwa chakuti ndinakhudza machitidwe kwa nthawi yaitali, ndipo sindinakhudze ena mwa iwo nkomwe, ndinalibe zojambula kapena zitsanzo zilizonse. Chifukwa chake ndidatsitsimutsanso chidziwitso changa mu Google, wiki, pa youtube, malo opangira mapulogalamu, ndidakumba zowonera pamenepo, ndipo chifukwa chake ndidapeza mwachidule.
1. Chiphunzitso
1.1. Zachiyani?
Kuti tiyankhe funso lakuti "Chifukwa chiyani?" Choyamba muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti "Network Map" ndi chiyani. Mapu a netiweki - (nthawi zambiri) chifaniziro chowoneka bwino cha kuyanjana kwa zida zapaintaneti ndi kulumikizana kwawo, zomwe zimafotokozera magawo awo ofunikira kwambiri ndi katundu. Masiku ano, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi kuwunika momwe zida ziliri komanso dongosolo lochenjeza. Kotero: ndiye, kuti mukhale ndi lingaliro la malo a ma node a maukonde, kugwirizana kwawo ndi kugwirizana pakati pawo. Mogwirizana ndi kuyang'anira, timapeza chida chogwiritsira ntchito pozindikira khalidwe ndi kulosera za khalidwe la intaneti.
1.2. L1, L2, L3
Amakhalanso Layer 1, Layer 2 ndi Layer 3 molingana ndi mtundu wa OSI. L1 - mulingo wakuthupi (mawaya ndi kusintha), L2 - mulingo wamaadiresi amthupi (maadilesi a Mac), L3 - mulingo woyenera wa ma adilesi (IP-adilesi).
M'malo mwake, palibe chifukwa chomanga mapu a L1, momveka bwino amatsatira L2 yemweyo, kupatula, mwina, osinthira media. Ndiyeno, tsopano pali TV converters kuti angathenso ankatsatira.
Zomveka - L2 imapanga mapu a netiweki kutengera ma adilesi a mac a node, L3 - pa ma adilesi a IP a node.
1.3. Zomwe zikuyenera kuwonetsedwa
Zimatengera ntchito zomwe zikuyenera kuthetsedwa komanso zokhumba. Mwachitsanzo, mwachibadwa ndikufuna kumvetsetsa ngati chitsulocho ndi "chamoyo", pa doko "pamapachikidwa" komanso momwe doko liri pamwamba kapena pansi. Ikhoza kukhala L2. Ndipo nthawi zambiri, L2 ikuwoneka kwa ine ndiyomwe imagwira ntchito kwambiri pamapu apaintaneti pamagwiritsidwe ntchito. Koma, kukoma ndi mtundu ...
Kuthamanga kwa kugwirizana pa doko sikuli koipa, koma sikovuta ngati pali chida chomaliza - chosindikizira cha PC. Zingakhale zabwino kuwona kuchuluka kwa purosesa, kuchuluka kwa RAM yaulere komanso kutentha kwachitsulo. Koma izi sizilinso zophweka, apa mudzafunika kukonza njira yowunikira yomwe imatha kuwerenga SNMP ndikuwonetsa ndikusanthula zomwe mwalandira. Zambiri pa izi pambuyo pake.
Ponena za L3, ndapeza iyi .
1.4. Motani?
Zitha kuchitika pamanja, zitha kuchitidwa zokha. Ngati ndi dzanja, ndiye kwa nthawi yaitali ndipo muyenera kuganizira za munthu. Ngati basi, ndiye muyenera kuganizira kuti zipangizo zonse maukonde ayenera kukhala "anzeru", athe kugwiritsa ntchito SNMP, ndipo SNMP ayenera kukonzedwa molondola kuti dongosolo kuti adzasonkhanitsa deta kwa iwo akhoza kuwerenga deta.
Zikuoneka kuti sizovuta. Koma pali zovuta. Kuyambira ndikuti si dongosolo lililonse lomwe lidzatha kuwerenga zonse zomwe tingafune kuziwona kuchokera ku chipangizocho, kapena si zipangizo zonse zapaintaneti zomwe zingapereke deta iyi, ndikutha ndi mfundo yakuti si machitidwe onse omwe angathe kupanga mapu a intaneti. zodziwikiratu mode.
Njira yopangira mapu ndi pafupifupi motere:
- dongosolo limawerenga deta kuchokera ku zipangizo zamakono
- kutengera deta, imapanga tebulo la adilesi yofananira pamadoko padoko lililonse la rauta
- imagwirizana ndi ma adilesi ndi mayina a chipangizocho
- amamanga madoko-portdevice malumikizidwe
- amajambula zonsezi ngati chithunzi, "mwachidziwitso" kwa wogwiritsa ntchito
2. Yesetsani
Choncho, tiyeni tikambirane zimene mungagwiritse ntchito pomanga netiweki mapu. Tiyeni titenge ngati poyambira kuti tikufuna, ndithudi, kuti tichite izi momwe tingathere. Chabwino, ndiye, Paint ndi MS Visio salinso ... ngakhale ... Ayi, ali.
Pali mapulogalamu apadera omwe amathetsa vuto lopanga mapu a netiweki. Zida zina zamapulogalamu zimatha kupereka malo oti "pamanja" kuwonjezera zithunzi ndi katundu, maulalo ojambulira, ndikuyambitsa "kuyang'anira" mwanjira yocheperako (kaya mfundoyo ili yamoyo kapena osayankhanso). Ena sangathe kujambula chithunzi cha maukonde paokha, komanso kuwerenga gulu la magawo ku SNMP, adziwitse wosuta kudzera SMS ngati kusweka, kupereka mulu wa zambiri pa madoko a hardware maukonde, ndipo zonsezi ndi kokha. gawo la magwiridwe antchito awo (NetXMS yomweyo).
2.1. Zogulitsa
Mndandanda uli kutali kwambiri, popeza pali mapulogalamu ambiri otere. Koma izi ndi zonse zomwe Google imapereka pamutuwu (kuphatikiza masamba achilankhulo cha Chingerezi):
Open source project:
LanTopoLog
Nagios
Ine ndikuganiza
NeDi
Pandora FMS
PRTG
NetXMS
Zabbix
Ntchito zolipidwa:
LanState
Total Network Monitor
Solarwinds Network Topology Mapper
UVExplorer
Auvik
AdRem NetCrunch
2.2.1. Mapulogalamu aulere
2.2.1.1. LanTopoLog
Mapulogalamu opangidwa ndi Yuri Volokitin. Mawonekedwewa ndi osavuta momwe angakhalire. Softina amathandizira, tinene, kumanga kwa semi-automatic network. Ayenera "kudyetsa" makonda a ma routers onse (zidziwitso za IP, SNMP), ndiye zonse zidzachitika zokha, mwachitsanzo, kulumikizana pakati pa zida kudzamangidwa kuwonetsa madoko.
Pali zolipidwa komanso zaulere zamtunduwu.
2.2.1.2. Nagios
Pulogalamu ya Open Source yakhalapo kuyambira 1999. Dongosololi lapangidwira kuyang'anira maukonde, ndiko kuti, limatha kuwerenga deta kudzera pa SNMP ndikungopanga mapu a netiweki, koma popeza iyi si ntchito yake yayikulu, imachita izi mwanjira yodabwitsa ... NagVis imagwiritsidwa ntchito. kupanga mapu.
2.2.1.3. Ndikuganiza
Icinga ndi Open Source system yomwe idachoka ku Nagios. Dongosolo limakupatsani mwayi wopanga mamapu amtaneti. Vuto lokhalo ndiloti limapanga mapu pogwiritsa ntchito NagVis addon, yomwe inapangidwa pansi pa Nagios, kotero tidzaganiza kuti machitidwe awiriwa ndi ofanana pomanga mapu a intaneti.
2.2.1.4. NeDi
Kutha kuzindikira ma node pamanetiweki, ndipo kutengera deta iyi, pangani mapu a netiweki. Mawonekedwe ake ndi osavuta, pali kuyang'anira mawonekedwe kudzera pa SNMP.
Pali mitundu yaulere komanso yolipira.
2.2.1.5. Pandora FMS
Kutha kudzipeza, kupanga ma network, SNMP. Mawonekedwe abwino.
Pali mitundu yaulere komanso yolipira.
2.2.1.6. PRTG
Pulogalamuyo sadziwa momwe angapangire zokha mapu a netiweki, kungokoka pamanja ndikugwetsa zithunzi. Koma nthawi yomweyo, imatha kuwunika momwe zida ziliri kudzera pa SNMP. Mawonekedwewa amasiya kufunidwa, m'malingaliro anga omvera.
Masiku 30 - kugwira ntchito kwathunthu, ndiye - "mtundu waulere".
2.2.1.7. NetXMS
NetMXS kwenikweni ndi njira yowunikira Open Source, kupanga mapu a netiweki ndi ntchito yam'mbali. Koma imayendetsedwa bwino kwambiri. Kumanga mokhazikika potengera kudzipeza, kuyang'anira ma node kudzera pa SNMP, kutha kutsata madoko a rauta ndi ziwerengero zina.
2.2.1.8. Zabbix
Zabbix ilinso ndi Open Source monitoring system, yosinthika komanso yamphamvu kuposa NetXMS, koma imatha kupanga mamapu a netiweki pamachitidwe amanja, koma imatha kuyang'anira pafupifupi magawo aliwonse a rauta, kusonkhanitsa komwe kungathe kukonzedwa.
2.2.2. Pulogalamu yolipira
2.2.2..1 Lan State
Mapulogalamu olipidwa omwe amakulolani kuti muzitha kuyang'ana pamanetiweki topology ndikupanga mapu a netiweki kutengera zida zomwe zapezeka. Imakulolani kuti muyang'ane momwe zida zomwe zazindikirika zilili pokhapokha pokweza node yokha.
2.2.2.2. Total Network Monitor
Mapulogalamu olipidwa omwe samangopanga mapu a netiweki. Sindikudziwanso momwe mungadziwire ma node. M'malo mwake, iyi ndi Visio yomweyi, yongoyang'ana pamaneti topology. Imakulolani kuti muyang'ane momwe zida zomwe zazindikirika zilili pokhapokha pokweza node yokha.
Zopusa! Ndinalemba pamwambapa kuti tikukana Paint ndi Visio ... Chabwino, zikhale choncho.
Sindinapeze buku la kanema, ndipo sindikusowa ... Pulogalamuyi ndi yoti.
2.2.2.3. Solarwinds Network Topology Mapper
Mapulogalamu olipidwa, pali nthawi yoyeserera. Itha kungoyang'ana maukonde ndikupanga mapu payokha malinga ndi magawo omwe atchulidwa. Mawonekedwe ndi osavuta komanso osangalatsa.
2.2.2.4. UVExplorer
Mapulogalamu olipidwa, kuyesa kwa masiku 15. Imatha kudzizindikira yokha ndikujambula mapu, kuyang'anira zida pongokwera / pansi, ndiye kuti, kudzera pa ping ya chipangizo.
2.2.2.5. Auvik
Pulogalamu yabwino yolipira yomwe imatha kudzizindikira ndikuwunika zida zama network.
2.2.2.6. AdRem NetCrunch
Mapulogalamu olipidwa omwe amayesa masiku 14. Amatha kudzizindikira okha ndikumanga ma network. Mawonekedwewa sanapangitse chidwi. Ithanso kuyang'anira mu SNMP.
3. Mbale yofananira
Monga momwe zinakhalira, zimakhala zovuta kupeza magawo ofunikira komanso ofunikira kuti mufananize machitidwe ndipo nthawi yomweyo amawayika mu mbale imodzi yaying'ono. Izi ndi zomwe ndapeza:
*Makhazikitsidwe a "User Friendly" ndiwokhazikika ndipo ndikumvetsetsa. Koma momwe ndingafotokozere "zovuta komanso kusawerengeka" zomwe sindinabwere nazo.
**"Kuwunika osati maukonde okha" kumatanthawuza kugwira ntchito kwa dongosololi ngati "dongosolo loyang'anira" mwachizolowezi cha mawuwa, ndiko kuti, kutha kuwerenga ma metrics kuchokera ku OS, makamu a virtualization, kulandira deta kuchokera ku mapulogalamu omwe ali alendo. OS, etc.
4. Lingaliro laumwini
Kuchokera pazomwe ndakumana nazo, sindikuwona mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito pulogalamuyo payokha pakuwunika maukonde. Ndimachita chidwi ndi lingaliro logwiritsa ntchito njira yowunikira chilichonse komanso aliyense yemwe ali ndi luso lopanga mapu a netiweki. Zabbix amavutika ndi izi. Nagios ndi Icinga nawonso. Ndipo NetXSM yokha ndiyomwe idakondwera pankhaniyi. Ngakhale, ngati mutasokonezeka ndikupanga mapu ku Zabbix, ndiye kuti zikuwoneka zodalirika kuposa NetXMS. Palinso Pandora FMS, PRTG, Solarwinds NTM, AdRem NetCrunch, ndipo mwinamwake gulu la zinthu zina zomwe sizinaphatikizidwe m'nkhaniyi, koma ndinaziwona pazithunzi ndi mavidiyo, kotero sindingathe kunena chilichonse chokhudza iwo.
Za NetXMS zidalembedwa ndi kawonedwe kakang'ono ka luso la dongosolo ndi momwe mungachitire.
PS:
Ngati ndalakwitsa kwinakwake, ndipo mwinamwake ndinalakwitsa, chonde, konzani mu ndemanga, ndikonza nkhaniyi kuti iwo omwe apeza chidziwitso ichi ndi chothandiza sayenera kubwereza kawiri kawiri chirichonse kuchokera pazochitika zawo.
Zikomo.
Source: www.habr.com