Gulu logwira ntchito lidayamba kugwira ntchito motsatira mu 2014 ndipo pakali pano likugwira ntchito yokonza 3.0. Izi ndizosiyana pang'ono ndi mibadwo yam'mbuyomu ya miyezo ya 802.11, popeza ntchito yonse idamalizidwa muzolemba ziwiri. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zosintha zovuta zomwe zidakonzedwa, zomwe zimafunikira kuyesa mwatsatanetsatane komanso kovutirapo kogwirizana. Poyambirira, gululi lidapatsidwa ntchito yowongolera magwiridwe antchito kuti awonjezere kuchuluka kwa ma WLAN okhala ndi malo olembetsa ambiri komanso kuchuluka kwa malo ofikira. Madalaivala akuluakulu pakukula kwa mulingowo anali: kuchuluka kwa omwe adalembetsa m'manja, kukhamukira pompopompo pazama media (ndikugogomezera kuchuluka kwa magalimoto), komanso, IoT.
Mwachidule, zatsopano zimawoneka motere:
MIMO 8x8, mitsinje yambiri yamalo
Thandizo la 8x8 MIMO, mpaka 8SS (Spatial Streams), lidzawonjezedwa. Muyezo wa 802.11ac udafotokozanso kuthandizira kwa 8SS m'malingaliro, koma pochita, 802.11ac Wave 2 malo ofikira anali ochepa pothandizira mitsinje inayi. Chifukwa chake, malo ofikira omwe amathandizira 8x8 MIMO azitha kutumikira nthawi imodzi mpaka makasitomala asanu ndi atatu a 1x1, makasitomala anayi a 2x2, ndi zina zotero.
MU-MIMO DL/UL (Multi-User MIMO Downlink/Uplink)
Thandizo logwiritsa ntchito nthawi imodzi panjira zonse zotsitsa ndi kukweza. Kutha kufikira nthawi imodzi panjira yojambulira nthawi imodzi ndikuyika ma data ndi mafelemu owongolera kudzachepetsa kwambiri, zomwe zimabweretsa kuchuluka kwa matulutsidwe ndi kuchepetsedwa nthawi yoyankha.
Chizindikiro chachitali cha OFDM
OFDM yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pamiyezo ya 802.11a/g/n/ac pafupifupi zaka 20 popanda kusintha kulikonse. Malinga ndi muyezo, njira yayikulu ya 20 MHz imakhala ndi ma subcarriers 64 otalikirana ndi 312,5 kHz (20 MHz)./64). Popeza makampani a semiconductor apita patsogolo kwambiri kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, 802.11ax ikupereka kuwonjezeka kanayi kwa ma subcarriers kufika ku 256, ndi malo a subcarrier a 78,125 kHz. Kutalika kwa chizindikiro cha OFDM (nthawi) kumayenderana mosagwirizana ndi pafupipafupi, motero kudzawonjezekanso kanayi kuchokera ku 3,2 µs kufika ku 12,8 µs. Kusintha kumeneku kudzakulitsa luso komanso kudalirika kwa kutumiza kwa data, makamaka mu ma WLAN akunja.
Zowonjezera Zapamwamba
Miyezo yatsopano yachitetezo cha interframe yawonjezedwa, yomwe tsopano ikupezeka pa 1,6 µs ndi 3,2 µs pa WLAN yakunja, pomwe nthawi ya WLAN yamkati imakhalabe pa 0,8 µs. Mtundu watsopano wa paketi wokhala ndi mawu oyamba olimba (atali) awonjezedwa. Zonse zomwe zili pamwambazi zipangitsa kuti pakhale kuwonjezeka kanayi kwa liwiro la kulumikizana pamphepete mwa network.
OFDMA DL/UL (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access)
Chimodzi mwa zosintha zazikulu ndikukhazikitsa OFDMA m'malo mwa OFDM. OFDMA imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamanetiweki a LTE ndipo yatsimikizira kuti ndi yothandiza kwambiri. Kusiyana kwake ndikuti ndi OFDM, njira yonse yafupipafupi imakhala, ndipo kasitomala wotsatira sangathe kukhala ndi gwero la ma frequency mpaka kufalikira kumalize. OFDMA imathetsa vutoli pogawa tchanelo m'magawo ang'onoang'ono amitundu yosiyanasiyana, otchedwa RUs (Resource Units). Pochita izi, izi zikutanthauza kuti 256 subcarriers ya 20 MHz channel akhoza kugawidwa mu RUs 26 subcarriers. RU iliyonse imatha kupatsidwa chiwembu chake cha MCS ndikutumiza mphamvu.
Ponseponse, izi zidzabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa kuchuluka kwa maukonde onse, komanso kutulutsa kwa kasitomala aliyense payekhapayekha.
Chithunzi cha 1024QAM
MCS Yatsopano (Modulation and Coding Sets) 10 ndi 11 zawonjezedwa kuti 1024-QAM isinthe. Izi zikutanthauza kuti chizindikiro chimodzi pachimake ichi chidzanyamula zidziwitso 10, chiwonjezeko cha 25% poyerekeza ndi ma bits 8 mu 256-QAM.
TWT (Target Wake Time) - "Kukonzekera kwazinthu za Up Link"
Njira yopulumutsira mphamvu yotsimikiziridwa muyeso ya 802.11ah ndipo tsopano yosinthidwa mu 802.11ax, TWT imalola malo olowera kuti adziwitse makasitomala nthawi yolowera njira yopulumutsira mphamvu ndipo imapereka ndandanda yanthawi yodzuka kuti alandire kapena kutumiza zidziwitso. Izi ndi nthawi zazifupi kwambiri, koma kugona kwakanthawi kochepa kumatha kusintha kwambiri moyo wa batri. Kuchepetsa mikangano ndi kugundana pakati pa makasitomala kudzawonjezera nthawi yogwiritsidwa ntchito populumutsa mphamvu. Kutengera mtundu wamagalimoto, kusintha kwamphamvu kwamagetsi kumatha kuchoka pa 65% mpaka 95% (malinga ndi mayeso a Broadcom). Pazida za IoT, kuthandizira kwa TWT ndikofunikira.
Mtundu wa BSS - Kugwiritsanso Ntchito Malo
Kuti muwonjezere kuchuluka kwa ma netiweki a WLAN akuchulukirachulukira, kuchuluka kogwiritsanso ntchito njira kuyenera kukulitsidwa. Kuti muchepetse zotsatira za ma BSS oyandikana nawo omwe akugwira ntchito panjira yomweyi, akufunsidwa kuti alembe ndi "mtundu wamtundu." Izi zidzalola kusintha kwamphamvu kwa chidziwitso chodziwika bwino cha njira (CCA) komanso mphamvu ya transmitter. Kuchuluka kwa maukonde kudzawonjezeka chifukwa cha kachulukidwe ka tchanelo, pomwe kusokoneza komwe kulipo kudzakhala ndi zotsatira zochepa pakusankha kwa MCS.
Chifukwa chakusintha komwe kukubwera kwa miyezo yachitetezo ku Sikuti aliyense adzatha kuthetsa nkhani zachitetezo ndi pulogalamu yosavuta yosinthira, kotero Extreme Networks idzayambitsa malo olowera ndi chithandizo cha hardware cha 802.11ax ndi WPA3 mu gawo lachinayi la 2018.
Zambiri za .
Source: www.habr.com
