Wolemba wothandiza wa DevOps a Ryn Daniels amagawana njira zomwe aliyense angagwiritse ntchito kuti apange makina abwinoko, osakhumudwitsa, komanso okhazikika a Oncall.
Kubwera kwa Devops, mainjiniya ambiri masiku ano akupanga masinthidwe mwanjira ina, yomwe nthawi ina inali udindo wa sysadmins kapena mainjiniya ogwirira ntchito. Kukhala pa ntchito, makamaka nthawi imene sikugwira ntchito, si ntchito imene anthu ambiri amasangalala nayo. Ntchito ya Oncall imatha kusokoneza kugona kwathu, kusokoneza ntchito yanthawi zonse yomwe tikuyesera kuchita masana, ndikusokoneza moyo wathu wonse. Pamene magulu ochulukira akutenga nawo gawo pamisonkhano, tinafunsa funso, "Kodi ife monga aliyense payekha, magulu ndi mabungwe tingachite chiyani kuti miliri ikhale yaumunthu komanso yokhazikika?"
Sungani kugona kwanu
Nthawi zambiri chinthu choyamba chimene anthu amaganizira akamaganizira za kukhala pa ntchito nβchakuti zidzasokoneza tulo tawo; palibe amene amafuna chenjezo kuti awadzutse pakati pausiku. Ngati gulu lanu kapena gulu lanu likukula mokwanira, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kasinthasintha ka "kutsata dzuwa", pomwe magulu omwe ali mu magawo angapo amatenga nawo mbali mosinthasintha, ndikusinthana kwakanthawi kochepa. (kapena kudzuka) maola. Kukhazikitsa kusinthasintha koteroko kungachite zodabwitsa kuti achepetse ntchito yausiku yomwe wantchito amatenga.
Ngati mulibe mainjiniya okwanira komanso kugawa malo kuti muthandizire kuzungulira kwadzuwa, pali zinthu zomwe mungachite kuti muchepetse mwayi woti anthu adzuke mosafunikira pakati pausiku. Pambuyo pake, ndi chinthu chimodzi kudzuka pabedi pa 4 koloko kuti athetse vuto lalikulu, loyang'ana makasitomala; Ikuti kamuyanda kuzumanana kusyomeka, ncintu cikonzya kucitika ncobeni. Zingakuthandizeni kuwunikanso zidziwitso zonse zomwe mwakhazikitsa ndikufunsa gulu lanu zomwe zikufunika kuti mudzutse munthu pakatha maola, komanso ngati zidziwitsozo zitha kudikirira mpaka m'mawa. Zingakhale zovuta kuti anthu avomereze kuti azimitsa zidziwitso zina zomwe sizikugwira ntchito, makamaka ngati nkhani zomwe zaphonya zidayambitsa mavuto m'mbuyomu, koma ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti injiniya wosagona si injiniya wogwira mtima kwambiri. Khazikitsani zidziwitso izi panthawi yantchito pomwe ndizofunikira. Zida zambiri zochenjeza masiku ano zimakupatsani mwayi wokhazikitsa malamulo osiyanasiyana azidziwitso pambuyo pa ola, kukhala nthawi yazidziwitso za Nagios kapena kukhazikitsa ndandanda zosiyanasiyana mu PagerDuty.
Tulo, ntchito ndi chikhalidwe chamagulu
Njira zina zothetsera vuto la kugona zimaphatikizapo kusintha kwakukulu kwa chikhalidwe. Njira imodzi yothetsera vutoli ndiyo kuyang'anira zidziwitso, kusamala kwambiri zikafika komanso ngati zingatheke. ndi chida chopangidwa ndikusindikizidwa ndi Etsy chomwe chimalola magulu kuti azitsata ndikugawa zidziwitso zomwe amalandira. Itha kupanga ma graph owonetsa kuchuluka kwa zidziwitso zomwe zidadzutsa anthu (pogwiritsa ntchito data yakugona kuchokera kwa olimba mtima), komanso kuchuluka kwa zidziwitso zomwe zimafunikiradi zochita za munthu. Pogwiritsa ntchito matekinolojewa, mutha kuyang'ana momwe kasinthasintha wanu wakuyimbira foni ndi momwe zimakhudzira kugona pakapita nthawi.
Gulu litha kutengapo gawo powonetsetsa kuti aliyense wantchito akupuma mokwanira. Pangani chikhalidwe chomwe chimalimbikitsa anthu kuti adzisamalire okha: ngati mukutaya tulo chifukwa mudaitanidwa usiku, mukhoza kugona pang'ono m'mawa kuti muyese kukonza nthawi yogona. Mamembala agulu amatha kuyang'anirana: Magulu akagawana zomwe amagona ndi wina ndi mnzake kudzera muzinthu ngati Opsweekly, amatha kupita kwa anzawo omwe ali pantchito ndikunena kuti, "Hei, zikuwoneka ngati munali ndi usiku wovuta ndi PagerDuty usiku watha." "Kodi ungafune ndikufunditseni usikuuno kuti mupumule?" Limbikitsani anthu kuti azithandizana mwanjira imeneyi ndikuletsa "chikhalidwe cha ngwazi" pomwe anthu amadzikakamiza mpaka malire ndikupewa kupempha thandizo.
Kuchepetsa zotsatira za kukhala pa ntchito
Mainjiniya akatopa chifukwa adadzutsidwa ali pantchito, mwachiwonekere sangagwire ntchito 100% patsikulo, koma ngakhale osawerengera zakusowa tulo, kukhala pantchito kumatha kukhala ndi zovuta zina pantchito. Chimodzi mwazowonongeka kwambiri pa nthawi ya ntchito ndi chifukwa cha kusokoneza, kusintha kwa nkhani: kusokoneza kamodzi kungapangitse kutaya kwa mphindi zosachepera 20 chifukwa cha kutaya chidwi ndi kusintha kwa nkhani. Ndizotheka kuti magulu anu azikhala ndi zosokoneza zina, monga matikiti opangidwa ndi magulu ena, zopempha kapena mafunso obwera kudzera pamacheza ndi/kapena imelo. Kutengera kuchuluka kwa zosokoneza zinazi, mungaganizire kuziwonjezera pa kasinthasintha omwe alipo mukakhala pantchito kapena kusinthanso kasinthasintha kuti mukwaniritse zopempha zinazi.
Ndikofunika kuganizira izi pamene mukukonzekera ntchito yomwe gulu lidzachita, nthawi yayitali komanso yochepa. Ngati gulu lanu limakhala ndi kusintha kwakukulu kwa ntchito, mfundoyi iyenera kuganiziridwa pokonzekera nthawi yayitali, chifukwa mungakhale ndi nthawi yomwe antchito onse akugwira ntchito nthawi iliyonse, m'malo mogwira ntchito zina. Pokonzekera kwakanthawi kochepa, mutha kupeza kuti munthu woyimbira foniyo sangathe kukwaniritsa nthawi yake chifukwa cha udindo wawo pakuitana - izi ziyenera kuyembekezera ndipo ena onse ayenera kukhala okonzeka kulandira ndikuthandizira kuonetsetsa kuti ntchitoyo. zimatheka ndipo munthu woyimbira foni amathandizidwa pantchito zawo. Mosasamala kanthu kuti munthu wakuyitanira adayitanidwa, kusintha kwapa-kuyitanira kudzakhudza kuthekera kwa munthu pakuitana kuti agwire ntchito ina - musayembekezere kuti munthu amene amamuyitanira azigwira ntchito usiku kuti amalize ntchito zomwe zakonzedwa kuwonjezera pa kukhala. pa ntchito pambuyo pa maola.
Magulu amayenera kupeza njira yothanirana ndi ntchito yowonjezereka yomwe imachitika ali pantchito. Ntchitoyi ikhoza kukhala ntchito yeniyeni yokonza zovuta zenizeni zomwe zazindikirika ndi machitidwe owunika ndi kuchenjeza, kapena ingakhale ntchito yokonza kuyang'anira ndi kuchenjeza kuti kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha zidziwitso zabodza. Kaya ntchito ikupangidwa yotani, ndikofunikira kugawa ntchitoyo mwachilungamo komanso mokhazikika pagulu lonse. Sikuti masinthidwe onse a pa-call amapangidwa mofanana, ndipo ena ndi ovuta kwambiri kuposa ena, kotero kunena kuti munthu amene akulandira chenjezo ndi amene ali ndi udindo wothana ndi zotsatira za chenjezo limenelo kungayambitse kugawidwa kosagwirizana kwa ntchito. Zingakhale zomveka kuti munthu amene ali pa ntchitoyo akhale ndi udindo wokonza kapena kugawa ntchito, ndikuyembekeza kuti ena onsewo adzakhala okonzeka kuthandiza kumaliza ntchito yomwe yapangidwa.
Kupanga ndi kusunga moyo wantchito
Ganizilani mmene kukhala panchito kumakhudzira moyo wanu kunja kwa nchito. Mukakhala pa ntchito, mumamva kukhala omangidwa pa foni yanu yam'manja ndi laputopu, izi zikutanthauza kuti nthawi zonse mumanyamula laputopu ndi rauta yam'manja (modemu ya usb) kapena osachoka kunyumba/ofesi. Kuyimba foni nthawi zambiri kumatanthauza kusiya zinthu monga kuonana ndi anzanu kapena achibale anu pakusintha kwanu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kutalika kwa kusintha kulikonse kumadalira kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe ali pagulu lanu, ndipo kuchuluka kwa masinthidwe kumatha kubweretsa mtolo wosayenera kwa anthu. Mungafunike kuyesa kutalika ndi nthawi ya masinthidwe anu kuti mupeze ndandanda yomwe imagwira ntchito kwa anthu ambiri omwe akukhudzidwa, popeza magulu osiyanasiyana ndi anthu azikhala ndi zofunikira komanso zokonda zosiyanasiyana.
Ndikofunikira kuzindikira mphamvu yomwe kukhala pantchito kudzakhala nako pamiyoyo ya anthu, ponse pautsogoleri ndi pamunthu payekha. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti zotsatira zake zidzamveka mopanda malire ndi anthu omwe ali ndi mwayi wochepa. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mumathera nthawi yosamalira ana kapena achibale ena, kapena mukaona kuti ntchito zambiri zapakhomo zimakugwerani, mumakhala ndi nthawi yochepa komanso mphamvu zambiri kuposa munthu amene alibe udindo. Ntchito yamtundu uwu ya "kusintha kwachiwiri" kapena "kusintha kwachitatu" kumakonda kusokoneza anthu, ndipo ngati mukhazikitsa kasinthasintha wapafoni ndi ndandanda kapena mwamphamvu zomwe zimaganiza kuti otenga nawo mbali alibe moyo wawo kunja kwa ofesi, mukuchepetsa anthu omwe akhoza kutenga nawo mbali pa timu yanu.
Limbikitsani anthu kuti ayese kusunga ndandanda yawo yokhazikika. Muyenera kuganizira zopatsa gululo ma routers am'manja (modemu ya usb) kuti anthu atha kutuluka mnyumbamo ndi laputopu yawo ndikukhalabe ndi moyo. Limbikitsani anthu kusinthanitsa maola ochezerana wina ndi mnzake, ngati kuli kofunikira, kwakanthawi kochepa kuti anthu azipita ku masewera olimbitsa thupi kapena kukaonana ndi dokotala ali pantchito. Osapanga chikhalidwe chomwe kukhala pa foni kumatanthauza kuti mainjiniya sachita chilichonse koma kukhala pa foni. Kuchita bwino kwa moyo wantchito ndi gawo lofunikira pa ntchito iliyonse, koma makamaka mukaganizira za nthawi yomwe simukugwira ntchito, akuluakulu ambiri a gulu lanu ayenera kupereka chitsanzo kwa ena pankhani ya moyo wantchito, momwe angathere ali pantchito.
Payekha, musaiwale kufotokoza zomwe kukhala pantchito kumatanthauza kwa anzanu, abale, anzanu, ziweto, ndi zina zambiri. (amphaka anu mwina sangasamale chifukwa adzuka kale 4 koloko mukalandira chenjezo. , ngakhale kuti sangafune kukuthandizani kuthetsa). Onetsetsani kuti mwakonza nthawi yotayika mukatha kusintha, kaya ndikuwona anzanu, abale kapena kugona, mwachitsanzo. Ngati mungathe, ganizirani kukhazikitsa alamu yachete (monga smartwatch) yomwe ingakudzutseni pogwedeza dzanja lanu kuti musadzutse aliyense pafupi nanu. Pezani njira zodzisamalira mukakhala pakati pa nthawi yanu yoyimbira foni komanso ikatha. Mungafune kuphatikiza "zida zopulumukira pakuitana" zomwe zingakuthandizeni kumasuka: mverani mndandanda wanyimbo zomwe mumakonda, werengani buku lomwe mumakonda, kapena khalani ndi nthawi yosewera ndi chiweto chanu. Oyang'anira akuyenera kulimbikitsa kudzisamalira popatsa anthu tsiku lopuma pambuyo pa sabata ali pantchito ndikuwonetsetsa kuti anthu amapempha (ndi kupeza) thandizo pamene akulifuna.
Kupititsa patsogolo luso la ntchito
Ponseponse, kukhala pantchito sikuyenera kuwonedwa ngati ntchito yoyipa: muli ndi mwayi komanso udindo ngati munthu wantchito kuti agwire ntchito mwachangu kuti izi zitheke kwa anthu omwe adzakhale pantchito mtsogolo, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti anthu adzalandira mauthenga ochepa ndipo adzakhala olondola kwambiri. Apanso, kutsatira kufunikira kwa zidziwitso zanu pogwiritsa ntchito china chake ngati Opsweekly kungakuthandizeni kudziwa chomwe chikukukhumudwitsani ndikuyikonza. Pazidziwitso zosagwira ntchito, dzifunseni ngati pali njira zochotsera zidziwitso izi - mwina izi zikutanthauza kuti azingochoka nthawi yantchito, chifukwa pali zinthu zina zomwe simuyenera kuyankha pakati pausiku. Osachita mantha kufufuta zidziwitso, kuzisintha, kapena kusintha njira yotumizira kuchokera ku "kutumiza kufoni ndi imelo" kupita ku "imelo yokha." Kuyesera ndi kubwerezabwereza ndizofunikira pakuwongolera ntchito pakapita nthawi.
Pazidziwitso zomwe zingatheke, muyenera kuganizira momwe zimakhalira zosavuta kuti injiniya achitepo kanthu. Chenjezo lililonse liyenera kukhala ndi runbook lomwe limapita nalo - lingalirani kugwiritsa ntchito chida ngati nagios-herald kuti muwonjezere maulalo a runbook ku zidziwitso zanu. Ngati chenjezo liri losavuta kotero kuti silifuna runbook, mwina ndilosavuta kuti mutha kuyankha yankho pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu monga Nagios, zomwe zimapulumutsa anthu kuti azidzuka kapena kudzisokoneza kuti azigwira ntchito mosavuta. Onse ma runbooks ndi nagios-herald angakuthandizeni kuwonjezera nkhani zofunika kuzidziwitso zanu, zomwe zingathandize anthu kuyankha bwino. Onani ngati mungayankhe mafunso wamba monga: Kodi chenjezoli linazimiririka liti? Ndani adayankha nthawi yatha, ndipo adachitapo chiyani pamapeto pake (ngati alipo)? Ndi zidziwitso zina ziti zomwe zimawonekera nthawi imodzi ndi izi ndipo zikugwirizana? Nkhani zamtunduwu nthawi zambiri zimathera muubongo wa anthu okha, kotero kulimbikitsa chikhalidwe cholemba ndi kugawana zomwe zili muzochitikazo kungachepetse kuchuluka kwazomwe zimafunikira kuti muyankhe zidziwitso.
Gawo lalikulu la kutopa komwe kumabwera chifukwa choimbira mafoni ndikuti sikutha - ngati gulu lanu likuyimbira foni, sizingatheke kuti atha nthawi ina iliyonse m'tsogolomu. Zosintha sizimatha, ndipo tingamve ngati zidzakhala zoopsa nthawi zonse. Kupanda chiyembekezo kumeneku ndi vuto lalikulu lamalingaliro lomwe lingapangitse kupsinjika ndi kutopa, kotero kuthana ndi lingaliro (kuphatikiza ndi zenizeni) kuti ntchitoyo nthawi zonse idzakhala yoyipa ndi malo abwino kuyamba kuganiza za ntchito yanu pakapita nthawi.
Pofuna kupereka chiyembekezo kwa anthu kuti zinthu zidzayenda bwino pantchitoyo, m'pofunika kuyang'anitsitsa dongosolo (kutsata ndi kugawa ntchito komweko komwe ndatchula poyamba). Onetsetsani kuchuluka kwa machenjezo omwe muli nawo, ndi chiwerengero chanji cha iwo omwe amafunikira kuti athandizidwe, angati amadzutsa anthu, ndiyeno yesetsani kupanga chikhalidwe chomwe chimalimbikitsa anthu kuchita bwino. Ngati muli ndi gulu lalikulu, zingakhale zokopa, mwamsanga pamene wotchi yanu ikatha, kuponya manja anu ndi kunena "ndilo vuto la tsogolo la mkulu wa ntchito" m'malo mokumba kuti akonze chinachake - amene akufuna kuwononga zambiri. khama pa ntchito kuposa iwo ankafunika? Apa ndipamene chikhalidwe chachifundo chingapangitse kusiyana kwakukulu, chifukwa simukuyang'ana ubwino wanu pa ntchito, komanso kwa anzanu.
Zonse ndi zachifundo
Chisoni ndi gawo lofunikira la zomwe zimatilola kuyendetsa bwino ntchito zomwe zimathandizira pakuyimba foni. Monga manejala kapena membala, mutha kuwunika bwino kapena kupereka mphotho kwa anthu chifukwa cha zomwe zimapangitsa kusinthako kukhala bwino. Thandizo la ntchito ndi limodzi mwa madera omwe mainjiniya nthawi zambiri amamva ngati anthu amangowamvera zinthu zikavuta: anthu amakhala pamenepo kuti aziwakalipira malo akawonongeka, koma samaphunzira kawirikawiri za zoyesayesa zakuseri zomwe zimagwira ntchito. mainjiniya akhazikitsa kuti tsambalo lizigwira ntchito nthawi yonseyi. Kuzindikira ntchito kungapite patali, kaya ndikuthokoza munthu wina pamsonkhano kapena imelo wamba chifukwa chowongolera chenjezo linalake, luso la kukhala pantchito, kapena kupatsa munthu nthawi yoti agwire ntchito ya injiniya wina kwakanthawi.
Limbikitsani anthu kuti azigwiritsa ntchito nthawi ndi mphamvu kuti akonze zomwe zikuchitika panthawiyi. Ngati gulu lanu lili ndi maitanidwe, muyenera kukonzekera ndikuyika patsogolo ntchitoyi monga momwe mungagwirire ntchito ina iliyonse pamapu anu amsewu. Pa-mafoni ndi 90% entropy, ndipo pokhapokha mutagwira ntchito mwakhama kuti muwakonzere, iwo adzaipiraipira m'kupita kwa nthawi. Gwirani ntchito ndi gulu lanu kuti muwone zomwe zimalimbikitsa komanso kupereka mphotho kwa anthu, kenako gwiritsani ntchito kulimbikitsa anthu kuti achepetse phokoso latcheru, lembani ma runbook, ndikupanga zida zomwe zimathetsa mavuto awo pakuitana. Chilichonse chomwe mungachite, musamagwire ntchito yoyipa ngati gawo lokhazikika la zochitika.
Source: www.habr.com