Ndemanga za Plesk - kuchititsa ndi mapanelo owongolera webusayiti

Plesk ndi chida champhamvu komanso chosavuta chapadziko lonse lapansi chochitira mwachangu komanso moyenera ntchito zonse zatsiku ndi tsiku pakuwongolera mawebusayiti, kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti kapena kuchititsa mawebusayiti. "6% yamawebusayiti padziko lapansi amayendetsedwa ndi gulu la Plesk" - akuti kampani yachitukuko imalankhula za nsanja mu blog yake yamakampani pa Habré. Tikukupatsirani mwachidule za nsanja yabwinoyi komanso yomwe mwina ndi yotchuka kwambiri, layisensi yomwe tsopano itha kugulidwa kwaulere mpaka kumapeto kwa chaka. VPS seva mu RUVDS.

▍Za gulu, mtundu ndi kampani

Plesk ndi pulogalamu yaumwini yomwe idapangidwa ku Novosibirsk ndipo idatulutsidwa koyamba ku United States mu 2001. Kwa zaka pafupifupi 20, ufulu wa nsanja unapezedwa motsatizana ndi makampani osiyanasiyana, kusintha mitundu ndi mayina. Kuyambira 2015, Plesk wakhala kampani yodziimira ku Switzerland yokhala ndi nthambi zingapo (kuphatikiza Novosibirsk) ndi antchito a anthu pafupifupi 500 (kuphatikiza akatswiri aku Russia onse ku ofesi ndi nthambi). 

Mitundu itatu yaposachedwa: 

• Plesk 12,5 (2015)
• Plesk Onix (2016-2019)
• Plesk Obsidian (2020)

Gululi ndi la zinenero zambiri. Zolembedwa mu PHP, C, C++. Imathandizira mitundu ingapo ya PHP, komanso Ruby, Python ndi NodeJS; Thandizo lathunthu la Git; kuphatikiza ndi Docker; SEO zida. Chitsanzo chilichonse cha Plesk chimatetezedwa pogwiritsa ntchito SSL/TLS. 

OS yothandizidwa: Windows ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana LinuxPansipa mutha kuwona zofunikira pa machitidwe ogwiritsira ntchito awa.

Linux

Windows 

Pulogalamuyi imatulutsidwa m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana, iliyonse yomwe imapangidwira omvera ake omwe amagwiritsa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, gululo limalola olamulira kuti azitha kuyang'anira ntchito zonse zamakina pogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe amodzi a intaneti ndikuchepetsa mtengo wokonza pomwe akupereka gawo lofunikira la kusinthasintha ndi kuwongolera. Ndipo kwa makampani omwe akugulitsa kuchititsa odzipereka komanso odzipereka, gululi limakupatsani mwayi wokonza zida za seva kukhala phukusi ndikupereka mapaketiwa kwa makasitomala - makampani kapena anthu omwe akufuna kuchititsa tsamba lawo pa intaneti, koma alibe zofunikira za IT pa izi. 

▍ Malo odziwitsa

Zolemba zoperekedwa mosavuta m'magawo atatu: kwa ogwiritsa ntchito (mosiyana kwa woyang'anira, kasitomala, wogulitsa), kwa osungira / opereka ndi opanga. 

С Maphunziro a Plesk kuyamba kumamveka bwino kotero kuti gululo ndilosavuta kumvetsetsa ngakhale kwa omwe ali atsopano ku kasamalidwe kochititsa chidwi. Maphunziro ndi malangizo pang'onopang'ono pamitu isanu ndi umodzi: 

1. Kupanga tsamba lanu loyamba
2. Kupanga database
3. Pangani akaunti ya imelo
4. Kuwonjezera Zowonjezera DNS Kulowa
5. Kupanga zosunga zobwezeretsera patsamba
6. Kusintha password yanu ndikutuluka

Palinso FAQ и Malo othandizira ndi mwayi wochita maphunziro ku yunivesite yotchedwa Plesk. Ndipo, ndithudi, yogwira Plesk community forum. Thandizo laukadaulo mu Russian likupezeka kuyambira Lolemba mpaka Lachisanu kuyambira 04.00 mpaka 19.00 nthawi ya Moscow; mu Chingerezi - 24x7x365.

Kuyamba

Gululo likhoza kuyikidwa pa seva yeniyeni kapena makina enieni (a Linux) kapena ku seva ya cloud (ogwirizana nawo ovomerezeka a Plesk: Google Cloud, Amazon Web Services, Microsoft Azure, Alibaba Cloud). 

Poyambira mwachangu, masinthidwe osasinthika amaperekedwa omwe atha kukhazikitsidwa ndi lamulo limodzi:

• Kukhazikitsa Plesk ya Linux mu kudina kamodzi
• Kukhazikitsa Plesk ya Windows mu kudina kamodzi

Zindikirani: Plesk imayikidwa popanda kiyi ya layisensi yazinthu. Mutha kugula laisensi ku RUVDS. Kapena ntchito mtundu woyeserera mankhwala, omwe azigwira ntchito pazowunikira kwa masiku 14.

Madoko ndi ma protocol omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito

Madoko ndi ma protocol a Plesk

Msakatuli Wothandizidwa

Pakompyuta

• Mozilla Firefox (mtundu waposachedwa) wa Windows ndi Mac OS
• Microsoft Internet Explorer 11.x ya Windows
• Microsoft Edge ya Windows 10
• Apple Safari (mtundu waposachedwa) wa Mac OS
• Google Chrome (mtundu waposachedwa) wa Windows ndi Mac OS

Ma Smartphones ndi mapiritsi

• Msakatuli wokhazikika (Safari) pa iOS 8
• Msakatuli wokhazikika watsegulidwa Android 4.x
• Msakatuli wokhazikika (IE) watsegulidwa Windows Foni 8

mawonekedwe

Ku Plesk, gulu lililonse la ogwiritsa ntchito lili ndi mawonekedwe ake ogwirizana ndi zosowa zawo. Mawonekedwe a operekera alendo akuphatikiza zida zoperekera kuchititsa, kuphatikiza njira yophatikizira yolipirira yamabizinesi. Makampani omwe amagwiritsa ntchito nsanja kuti azitha kuyang'anira zopangira zawo zapaintaneti ali ndi mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito mitundu ingapo yoyang'anira ma seva: kubwezeretsa dongosolo, kasinthidwe ka seva yapaintaneti, ndi zina zotero. Tiyeni tiwone mitundu iwiri yaposachedwa ya nsanja - Plesk Onyx ndi Plesk Obsidian - kudzera m'maso a woyang'anira intaneti.

▍Zomwe zimachitikira oyang'anira masamba

Maakaunti a ogwiritsa ntchito. Pangani maakaunti osiyana a ogwiritsa ntchito omwe ali ndi zidziwitso zawo. Fotokozani maudindo a ogwiritsa ntchito ndi zolembetsa za wogwiritsa ntchito aliyense kapena gulu la ogwiritsa ntchito.

Kulembetsa. Pangani zolembetsa ndi gulu linalake lazinthu ndi mautumiki ogwirizana ndi dongosolo lanu la ntchito, ndipo perekani mwayi kwa ogwiritsa ntchito potengera udindo wa wogwiritsa ntchito. Chepetsani kuchuluka kwazinthu zamakina (CPU, RAM, disk I/O) zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito polembetsa mwapadera.

Maudindo ogwiritsa ntchito. Yambitsani kapena kuletsa magwiridwe antchito ndi zithunzi za ogwiritsa ntchito. Perekani magawo osiyanasiyana ofikira kwa ogwiritsa ntchito osiyanasiyana pamlingo wofanana wolembetsa.

Ndondomeko yosamalira. Pangani dongosolo lautumiki lomwe limatanthawuza kugawidwa kwazinthu zanu: mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa malo a disk, bandwidth ndi zina zomwe zimaperekedwa kwa kasitomala wanu. 

Thandizo la seva ya imelo. Mwachisawawa, ma seva a makalata a Postfix ndi Courier IMAP amaikidwa mu Plesk kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito. Linuxndipo MailEnable ili mu Plesk ya Windows.

DKIM, SPF ndi DMARC Chitetezo. Plesk imathandizira DKIM, SPF, SRS, DMARC potsimikizira maimelo a imelo.

OS yothandizidwa. Mtundu waposachedwa wa Plesk wa Linux / Unix imathandizira nsanja zingapo, kuphatikizapo Debian, Ubuntu, CentOS, Chipewa Chofiira Linux ndi MtamboLinux.

Kasamalidwe ka database. Jambulani, konza, lipoti, konza nkhokwe zothandizidwa.

PCI DSS imagwirizana kunja kwa bokosi. Tetezani seva yanu ndikukwaniritsa kutsatira kwa PCI DSS pa seva yanu Linux. 

Kukonzekera ntchito. Khazikitsani nthawi ndi tsiku loti mugwiritse ntchito malamulo kapena ntchito zinazake.

Kusintha kwadongosolo. Sinthani mapaketi onse adongosolo omwe akupezeka pa seva, pamanja kapena pawokha, osatsegula kontena.

Plesk Migrator. Kusamuka popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mzere wolamula. Zothandizira: cPanel, Confixx, DirectAdmin ndi ena.

Woyang'anira seva ali ndi kuthekera kosintha mawonekedwe, amazilamulira ndipo ngakhale logo ya gulu kasamalidwe ka seva malinga ndi zosowa. Sinthani mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe Izi zitha kuchitika pazolinga zamalonda komanso kuti zitheke kugwiritsa ntchito. Angagwiritsidwe ntchito mitu yanu. Zambiri mu kalozera kwa oyang'anira.

Kusintha kwa batani

Mawonekedwewa ali ndi mawonekedwe osinthika kuti azigwira ntchito ndi mafoni a m'manja, ndizotheka kuti mulowetse makasitomala ku Plesk kuchokera kuzinthu zakunja popanda kutsimikiziranso (mwachitsanzo, kuchokera ku gulu la wothandizira wanu), ndi kutha kugawana maulalo olunjika ku zowonetsera. Tiyeni tiwone "Sites ndi Domains" tabu

Mawebusayiti ndi Ma Domain Tab

1. Gawoli likuwonetsa dzina la wogwiritsa ntchito komanso zomwe mwasankha. Wogwiritsa ntchito amatha kusintha zinthu za akaunti yake ndikusankha zolembetsa zomwe angayang'anire.
2. Izi zili ndi menyu Yothandizira yomwe imatsegula buku lothandizira pa intaneti ndikukulolani kuti muwone maphunziro a kanema.
3. Sakani.
4. Gawoli lili ndi navigation panel yomwe imakuthandizani kukonza mawonekedwe a Plesk. Zida zimayikidwa m'magulu ndi magwiridwe antchito, mwachitsanzo, zida zowongolera zosintha zapaintaneti zili patsamba la Sites & Domains, ndipo zida zowongolera ma akaunti a imelo zili patsamba la Imelo. Nawa kufotokozera mwachidule za ma tabo onse ndi magwiridwe antchito operekedwa:
   • Mawebusayiti ndi madambwe. Zida zomwe zaperekedwa apa zimalola makasitomala kuwonjezera ndi kuchotsa madera, ma subdomains, ndi ma alias amtundu. Amakulolani kuti muzitha kuyang'anira makonda osiyanasiyana osungira masamba, kupanga ndi kuyang'anira nkhokwe ndi ogwiritsa ntchito, kusintha makonda a DNS, ndi masamba otetezedwa okhala ndi ziphaso za SSL/TLS.
   • Makalata. Zida zomwe zaperekedwa apa zimalola makasitomala kuwonjezera ndi kuchotsa ma akaunti a makalata, komanso kuyang'anira ma seva a makalata.
   • Mapulogalamu Zida zomwe zaperekedwa apa zimalola makasitomala kukhazikitsa ndi kuyang'anira mapulogalamu ambiri osiyanasiyana a intaneti.
   • Mafayilo. Imakhala ndi woyang'anira mafayilo ozikidwa pa intaneti omwe amalola makasitomala kuyika zomwe zili patsamba, komanso kuyang'anira mafayilo omwe alipo kale pa seva pakulembetsa kwawo.
   • Nawonsomba. Apa makasitomala amatha kupanga zatsopano ndikuwongolera nkhokwe zomwe zilipo.
   • Kugawana mafayilo. Imayambitsa ntchito yogawana mafayilo yomwe imalola makasitomala kusunga mafayilo awo ndikugawana nawo ndi ogwiritsa ntchito ena a Plesk.
   • Ziwerengero. Pali zambiri zokhudzana ndi malo a disk ndi kugwiritsa ntchito magalimoto, komanso ulalo woyendera ziwerengero zomwe zikuwonetsa zambiri za alendo obwera patsamba.
   • Seva. Izi zimangowoneka kwa woyang'anira seva. Nawa zida zomwe zimalola woyang'anira kukhazikitsa zoikamo zapadziko lonse lapansi.
   • Zowonjezera. Apa makasitomala amatha kuyang'anira zowonjezera zomwe zayikidwa ku Plesk ndikugwiritsa ntchito magwiridwe antchito awa.
   • Ogwiritsa ntchito. Zida zomwe zaperekedwa apa zimalola makasitomala kuwonjezera ndi kuchotsa maakaunti a ogwiritsa ntchito. 
   • Mbiri yanga. Izi zimangowoneka mu Power User mode. Apa mutha kuwona ndikusintha zidziwitso zanu ndi zina zanu.
   • Akaunti. Izi zimangowoneka mu Gulu Lamakasitomala a Shared Hosting. Izi zimapereka chidziwitso chokhudza kugwiritsa ntchito zolembetsa, zosankha zoperekera zoperekedwa, ndi ziyeneretso. Pogwiritsa ntchito zidazi, makasitomala amatha kupeza ndikusintha mawayilesi awo ndi zidziwitso zina zaumwini, komanso kusungitsa zolembetsa zawo ndi mawebusayiti.
   • Wokatula. Izi zimawoneka ngati kukulitsa kwa Docker Manager kwayikidwa. Apa mutha kuyendetsa ndikuwongolera zotengera zomangidwa kuchokera ku zithunzi za Docker.
5. Gawoli lili ndi zowongolera zonse zokhudzana ndi tabu yotsegulidwa pano. Chithunzicho chikuwonetsa tsamba la Sites & Domains lotseguka, chifukwa chake likuwonetsa zida zosiyanasiyana zowongolera zomwe mwalembetsa zomwe zikugwirizana ndi kuchititsa intaneti.
6. Gawoli lili ndi maulamuliro osiyanasiyana ndi zambiri zomwe zapangidwa kuti wogwiritsa ntchito athe.

Kuti mumalize ntchito zambiri zatsiku ndi tsiku, nthawi zambiri mudzafunika kutsegula tabu imodzi ndikudina zowongolera zomwe zili pamenepo. Ngati gulu lilibe tabu kapena chida chomwe mukufuna, mwina chitha kulembetsa. Kuwunika mwatsatanetsatane kwa navigation bar element kumanzere kwa chinsalu ndi apa. Mtundu watsopano wa Plesk Obsidian udzakhala ndi mawonekedwe atsopano, okongola a UX omwe amapangitsa kasamalidwe ka tsamba kukhala kosavuta komanso kogwirizana bwino ndi momwe akatswiri a pa intaneti amamangira, otetezeka, ndikuyendetsa ma seva ndi mapulogalamu amtambo.

Plesk Obsidian

Kuyang'anira seva kwayatsidwa Linux

Oyang'anira angagwiritse ntchito zida zowonjezera zingapo zomwe zimaperekedwa muzogawanika za Plesk kuti awonjezere ntchito zodzipangira okha, kusunga ndi kubwezeretsa deta, ndi kubwezeretsa zigawo za Plesk ndi machitidwe a dongosolo. Zida zimaphatikizapo ntchito zingapo zodziyimira zokha, zida zamalamulo, komanso kuthekera kophatikiza zolemba ndi Plesk. Kuti mugwire ntchito zowongolera seva, pali ndondomeko ya sitepe ndi sitepe, yomwe ili ndi zigawo zotsatirazi:

• Chiyambi cha Plesk. Imalongosola zigawo zazikulu ndi ntchito zomwe Plesk imayang'anira, mawu a chilolezo, ndi momwe mungayikitsire ndikusintha zigawo za Plesk.
• Kusintha kwa Virtual host. Imafotokoza malingaliro omwe akukhala nawo komanso kukhazikitsidwa kwawo ku Plesk. Muli malangizo okhudza chifukwa chake ndi momwe mungasinthire kasinthidwe.
• Kasamalidwe ka ntchito. Lili ndi mafotokozedwe a mautumiki angapo akunja omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa seva ya Plesk ndi malangizo a momwe angakhazikitsire ndikugwiritsa ntchito.
• Kukonza dongosolo. Imafotokoza momwe mungasinthire dzina la seva, ma adilesi a IP, ndi malo osungira kuti musunge mafayilo osungidwa, zosunga zobwezeretsera, ndi zolemba zamakalata. Mutuwu umakhudzanso zida za mzere wa malamulo a Plesk, injini yolembera zochitika za Plesk, ndi Service Monitor, zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wowunika ndikuyambiranso ntchito popanda kulowa mu Plesk.
• Zosunga zobwezeretsera, kuchira ndi kusamuka kwa data. Imafotokozera momwe mungasungire ndikubwezeretsa deta ya Plesk pogwiritsa ntchito zida za mzere wa pleskbackup ndi pleskrestore, ndikuyambitsa zida zosunthira deta yomwe ili pakati pa maseva.
• Ziwerengero ndi Zipika. Imafotokoza momwe mungawerengere zowerengera zomwe zimafunidwa pa disk space ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka magalimoto, komanso kuti mupeze zolemba zapa seva.
• Kuchulukirachulukira. Amapereka zambiri zamomwe mungasinthire magwiridwe antchito a Plesk pogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamuyo.
• Kuwonjezeka kwa chitetezo. Muli malangizo amomwe mungatetezere seva ya Plesk ndi masamba omwe amasungidwa kuti asapezeke mosaloledwa.
• Kusintha mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe a Plesk. Imayambitsa mitu ya Plesk yomwe mungagwiritse ntchito kuti musinthe mawonekedwe a Plesk, ndikufotokozera momwe mungachotsere zinthu zina za Plesk GUI kapena kusintha machitidwe awo.
• Localization. Imayambitsa njira zosinthira Plesk GUI m'zilankhulo zomwe Plesk sapereka kumasulira kwake.
• Kusaka zolakwika. Imafotokoza momwe mungathetsere mavuto ndi ntchito za Plesk.

Zowonjezera

Zida zowonjezera, mawonekedwe ndi ntchito zitha kupezeka pogwiritsa ntchito kuchuluka kwa zowonjezera zomwe zimaperekedwa laibulale, yogawidwa mosavuta m'magulu. 

Library yowonjezera ya Plesk

Nawa ena mwa otchuka komanso omwe akutukuka mwachangu: 

• WordPress Chida - mfundo imodzi yolamulira WordPress Kwa oyang'anira ma seva, ogulitsanso, ndi makasitomala. Ili ndi mawonekedwe a "Zosintha Zanzeru" omwe amasanthula zosintha. WordPress luntha lochita kupanga kuti lidziwe ngati kukhazikitsa zosintha kungasokoneze china chake.

Ntchito WordPress Chida

• SEO Toolkit - Zida za SEO.
• JoomlaZida! — zida zonse za Power Joomla!
• Sungani ku Cloud Pro - zosunga zobwezeretsera zokha.
• Site.pro Builder - wopanga webusayiti.
• Hosting Pack - kupanga phukusi lamakasitomala kuchokera kumakampani omwe akuchititsa.
• ServerShield ndi Cloudflare - imateteza mawebusayiti ku ziwopsezo zapaintaneti (kubera, spamming, botnets, DDoS kuwukira) ndikufulumizitsa kutsitsa kwawo.

Mutha kuchepetsa nthawi yoyankhira tsamba lawebusayiti ndikutsitsa seva pogwiritsa ntchito Nginx Kusunga. Ntchitoyi ikhoza kutsegulidwa kudzera pa mawonekedwe a gulu.

Nginx

Pomaliza

Monga momwe mwawonera, kwa oyang'anira mawebusayiti, gulu la Plesk lapangidwa kuti lipangitse kuyang'anira mawebusayiti, madambwe, mabokosi amakalata ndi nkhokwe kukhala kosavuta komanso kosangalatsa. Tikukhulupirira kuti ndemangayi ithandiza makasitomala athu omwe amagula seva yeniyeni kuchokera ku RUVDS kuti ayende pa Plesk; chilolezo cha gululi ndi chaulere mpaka kumapeto kwa chaka. VPS.

Source: www.habr.com