Π Tinakhazikika pa mfundo yakuti mu makina ovota akutali omwe tikulingalira, ndondomeko ya "blind electronic signature" ya cryptographic imagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsimikizira chinsinsi cha kuvota ndi kusadziwika kwa ovota. M'nkhaniyi tiona mwatsatanetsatane.
Choyamba, tiyeni titembenukire ku algorithm yodziwika bwino komanso yodziwika bwino ya siginecha yamagetsi, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakina azidziwitso pazinthu zosiyanasiyana. Siginecha yamagetsi imatengera ma cryptographic asymmetric encryption algorithms. Asymmetric encryption ndi kubisa pogwiritsa ntchito makiyi a 2: imodzi mwa izo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kubisa, ina pobisa. Amatchedwa otsegula (pagulu) ndi kiyi yachinsinsi. Kiyi yapagulu imadziwika ndi ena, ndipo kiyi yachinsinsi imadziwika ndi mwini wake wa siginecha yamagetsi ndipo imasungidwa pamalo osafikirika kwa ena.
Posaina, zotsatirazi zimachitika: choyamba, chikalata chamagetsi, pogwiritsa ntchito kusintha kwa masamu, chimachepetsedwa kukhala mndandanda wa zilembo za kukula kwake - izi zimatchedwa ntchito ya hashi.
Zotsatira zake (hashi kuchokera pachikalatacho) zimasungidwa ndi wotumiza chikalatacho pogwiritsa ntchito kiyi yachinsinsi ndipo, pamodzi ndi kiyi yapagulu, imatumizidwa kwa wolandila. Wolandirayo amachotsa mndandanda wa zilembo pogwiritsa ntchito kiyi yapagulu, amagwiritsa ntchito ndendende ntchito ya hashi ku chikalatacho, ndikufanizira zotsatira zosintha ndi zomwe zatsitsidwa. Ngati zonse zikugwirizana, ndiye kuti palibe zosintha zomwe zidasinthidwa pambuyo posainidwa ndi wotumiza.
Zomwe tafotokozazi zimakupatsani mwayi wotsimikizira kuti chikalatacho sichinasinthidwe, koma sizikulolani kuti mutsimikizire kuti wotumizayo ndi yemwe amadzinenera kuti ndi. Chifukwa chake, timafunikira gulu lachitatu lomwe limadaliridwa ndi wotumiza ndi wolandira. Kuti achite izi, asanatumize chikalatacho, wotumizayo amalumikizana ndi munthu wina ndikumupempha kuti asayine kiyi yake yapagulu ndi siginecha yake yamagetsi. Wotumizayo tsopano amatumiza wolandira chikalatacho, kiyi yake yapagulu, ndi siginecha ya munthu wina wa kiyi yake. Wolandirayo amatsimikizira siginecha ya munthu wina pa kiyi yapagulu ndipo amakhulupilira siginecha yomwe yatsatira.
Tsopano tiyeni tipitirire ku βsignature yakhunguβ ndi momwe ingatithandizire ndi kusadziwika.
Tiyerekeze kuti mu chitsanzo chomwe tafotokoza pamwambapa, wotumiza ndiye woponya voti, chikalatacho ndi voti, ndipo wolandira ndi komiti ya zisankho, kapena monga tanenera "gawo lowerengera mavoti." Tidzakhala ndi gawo la "Voter List" ngati gulu lachitatu (ovomerezeka). Pankhaniyi, ndondomeko ikhoza kuchitika motere.
Wovota amapanga makiyi awiri pa chipangizo chake - mwachinsinsi komanso pagulu. Popeza makiyi awa amapangidwa pa chipangizo chake pa msakatuli, iwo amadziwika kwa iye yekha.
Pogwiritsa ntchito makiyiwa, adzasaina voti kuti ayang'anire kukhulupirika kwake. Amatumiza voti yosainidwa ndi kiyi yapagulu ku komiti yosankhidwa. Kuti voti ivomerezedwe ndi gawo la Distributed Vote Storage and Counting, liyenera kutsimikizira kuti kiyi yapagulu yasainidwa ndi wovomerezeka.
Wovomerezeka (gawo la Mndandanda wa Ovota) adzasaina kiyi ya anthu pokhapokha atatsimikizira kuti wovotayo ali pamndandanda wa ovota.
Kuti athetse vuto losunga chinsinsi cha kuvota, kiyi yapagulu ya wovota yopangidwa pa chipangizo chake sichiyenera kudziwika kwa aliyense. Zikuoneka kuti wovomerezeka ayenera kusaina chinthu chomwe sichikudziwika kwa iye. Ntchitoyi ikuwoneka yosatheka, koma apa ma algorithms a cryptographic abwera kudzapulumutsa - pakadali pano, "signature yakhungu" algorithm.
Choyamba, kiyi yapagulu iyenera kubisika pa chipangizo cha ovota. Masking ndi machitidwe a masamu pawokha pa chipangizo cha wosuta. Tangoganizani kuti mumaganizira nambala yachisawawa kuchokera pa 1 mpaka 100, kenako ndikuganiziranso nambala yachisawawa kuchokera pa 1 mpaka 10 ndipo yachitatu, kuchokera pa 10 mpaka 50, idakweza nambala yoyambira ku mphamvu ya nambala yachiwiri, ndikuigawa popanda. chotsala ndi chachitatu. Zotsatira zake zidanenedwa kwa ena. Sizidzakhala zovuta kuti mubwezeretse nambala yoyambirira, chifukwa mukudziwa mndandanda wa zochita ndi manambala omwe mumaganizira. Koma amene ali pafupi nanu sangathe kuchita zimenezi.
Kuphimba (kuchititsa khungu) kwa kiyi yapagulu kumachitika molingana ndi algorithm yapadera ya cryptographic. Zotsatira zake, wovomerezeka amasaina kiyi yapagulu yobisika popanda kudziwa chinsinsi choyambirira. Koma chodabwitsa cha aligorivimu ndikuti wogwiritsa ntchito (wovota), atalandira siginecha ya kiyi yophimbidwa, amatha kusintha zosintha ndikupeza siginecha yomwe ili yoyenera pakiyi yoyambirira, yosatsegulidwa.
Ma aligorivimu omwe akufotokozedwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamavoti achinsinsi. Makina ovotera akutali pakali pano amagwiritsa ntchito algorithm ya RSA yokhala ndi kutalika kwa ma bits 4096 posayina akhungu.
Ambiri, ndondomeko anonymization ndi motere.
- Voti ikapangidwa, makiyi apadera "ovomerezeka" amapangidwa, ndipo kiyi yapagulu imalembedwa mu blockchain. Makiyi awiri apadera amapangidwa pa voti iliyonse.
- Wogwiritsa ntchito amadziwika mu dongosolo lozindikiritsa (pankhaniyi, mu ESIA), ndipo amapereka chilolezo chotumiza deta yake yodziwika kuchokera ku chizindikiritso kupita ku DEG PTC.
- Gawo la "Voter List" la DEG PTC limayang'ana kupezeka kwa wogwiritsa ntchito pamndandanda wa ovota.
- Pa chipangizo cha wogwiritsa ntchito, makiyi ake amapangidwa - mwachinsinsi komanso pagulu, omwe amadziwika ndi iye yekha.
- Kiyi yapagulu imabisidwa pachida cha wogwiritsa ntchito
- Pamodzi ndi zidziwitso ndi kiyi yobisika ya anthu onse, wogwiritsa ntchito amapeza gawo la "Voter List"
- Gawoli limayang'ananso kupezeka kwa wogwiritsa ntchito pamndandanda komanso kuti sanalandire siginecha kale.
- Ngati macheke onse achita bwino, kiyi imasainidwa
- Mfundo yosayina fungulo imalembedwa mu blockchain
- Wogwiritsa ntchito pa chipangizo chake amachotsa chigoba ku kiyi ya anthu onse ndikulandira kiyi yachinsinsi, kiyi yapagulu ndi siginecha pa kiyi ya anthu onse, ndipo makiyi onse amadziwika ndi iye yekha.
- Pambuyo pake, wogwiritsa ntchitoyo amasamutsidwa kumalo osadziwika - ku webusaiti yosiyana edg2020.gov.ru, kumene kuli kosatheka kumudziwa (mwachitsanzo, asanasinthe akhoza kulumikiza VPN kapena kusintha wopereka intaneti, kusintha kwathunthu IP adilesi)
- Kulandira voti kudzadalira kokha ngati siginecha ya "wovomerezeka" yatsimikiziridwa komanso ngati kiyi yotereyi sinagwiritsidwepo kale.
Kenako, timapereka kufotokozera kwa algorithm kuchokera pakuwona kwa cryptography.
Zosankha za signature ndi mayina:
M - mumtundu wa FDN padding kuti musayine.
Source: www.habr.com