Opennebula. Zolemba zazifupi

Moni nonse. Nkhaniyi inalembedwa kwa iwo omwe adakali ong'ambika pakati pa kusankha nsanja zowoneka bwino komanso atawerenga nkhani yamutu wakuti "Tidayika proxmox ndipo zonse zili bwino, zaka 6 zakukhazikika popanda kupuma kumodzi." Koma mutatha kukhazikitsa yankho limodzi kapena lina la kunja kwa bokosi, funso likubwera: ndingakonze bwanji izi apa, kuti kuyang'anira kumamveka bwino, ndipo apa, kuwongolera zosunga zobwezeretsera .... Ndiyeno nthawi imabwera ndipo mumazindikira kuti mukufuna chinthu china chogwira ntchito, kapena mukufuna kuti zonse mkati mwa dongosolo lanu zikhale zomveka, osati bokosi lakuda ili, kapena mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito chinthu china kuposa hypervisor ndi gulu la makina enieni. Nkhaniyi idzakhala ndi malingaliro ndi machitidwe ozikidwa pa nsanja ya Opennebula - ndinasankha chifukwa. sizofunikira pazachuma komanso zomanga sizili zovuta.

Ndipo kotero, monga tikuonera, ambiri opereka mitambo amagwira ntchito pa kvm ndikupanga maulumikizidwe akunja kuti aziwongolera makina. Zikuwonekeratu kuti ma hosters akulu amalemba zomangira zawo zamtambo, YANDEX yomweyo mwachitsanzo. Wina amagwiritsa ntchito openstack ndikupanga kulumikizana pamaziko awa - SELECTEL, MAIL.RU. Koma ngati muli ndi hardware yanu ndi antchito ang'onoang'ono a akatswiri, ndiye kuti nthawi zambiri mumasankha chinthu chokonzekera - VMWARE, HYPER-V, pali zilolezo zaulere komanso zolipira, koma sizomwe tikukamba pano. Tiyeni tikambirane za okonda - awa ndi omwe sachita mantha kupereka ndikuyesera china chatsopano, ngakhale kampaniyo idafotokoza momveka bwino, "Ndani adzakutumikirani pambuyo panu," "Kodi tipanga izi kuti tipange pambuyo pake? ? Zowopsa." Koma mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mayankho awa mu benchi yoyeserera, ndipo ngati aliyense aikonda, ndiye kuti mutha kudzutsa funso lachitukuko chopitilira ndikugwiritsa ntchito m'malo ovuta kwambiri.

Nawunso ulalo wa lipotilo www.youtube.com/watch?v=47Mht_uoX3A kuchokera kwa omwe akutenga nawo mbali pakupanga nsanja iyi.

Mwina m'nkhaniyi chinachake chidzakhala chopanda pake komanso chomveka bwino kwa katswiri wodziwa zambiri, ndipo nthawi zina sindidzalongosola zonse chifukwa malamulo ndi mafotokozedwe ofanana amapezeka pa intaneti. Ichi ndi chondichitikira changa ndi nsanja iyi. Ndikukhulupirira kuti otenga nawo mbali awonjezera mu ndemanga zomwe zingachitike bwino komanso zolakwa zomwe ndidapanga. Zochita zonse zidachitika poyimilira kunyumba yokhala ndi ma PC atatu okhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana. Komanso, sindinasonyeze momwe pulogalamuyi imagwirira ntchito komanso momwe mungayikitsire. Ayi, zokumana nazo za utsogoleri ndi zovuta zomwe ndidakumana nazo. Mwina izi zingakhale zothandiza kwa wina mwa kusankha kwawo.

Choncho, tiyeni tiyambe. Monga woyang'anira dongosolo, mfundo zotsatirazi ndi zofunika kwa ine, popanda zomwe sindingathe kugwiritsa ntchito yankho ili.

1. Kukhazikitsa kubwereza

Pali malangizo ambiri oyika opennebula, pasakhale vuto lililonse. Kuchokera ku mtundu kupita ku mtundu, zatsopano zimawonekera zomwe sizigwira ntchito nthawi zonse mukasuntha kuchokera ku mtundu kupita ku mtundu.

2. Kuyang'anira

Tidzayang'anira node yokha, kvm ndi opennebula. Mwamwayi, izo zakonzeka kale. Pali zambiri zomwe mungachite poyang'anira makamu a Linux, Zabbix yemweyo kapena node exporter - aliyense amene angakonde zomwe zili bwino - pakali pano ndikutanthauzira ngati njira zowunikira (kutentha komwe kungayesedwe, kusasinthasintha kwa disk array), kupyolera mu zabbix. , komanso zofunsira kudzera mwa Prometheus exporter. Kuwunika kwa kvm, mwachitsanzo, mutha kutenga polojekitiyi github.com/zhangjianweibj/prometheus-libvirt-exporter.git ndikuyiyika kuti iyendetse kudzera pa systemd, imagwira ntchito bwino ndikuwonetsa ma kvm metrics, palinso dashboard yokonzeka grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/12538.

Mwachitsanzo, nayi fayilo yanga:

/etc/systemd/system/libvirtd_exporter.service
[Unit]
Description=Node Exporter

[Service]
User=node_exporter
ExecStart=/usr/sbin/prometheus-libvirt-exporter --web.listen-address=":9101"

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

Ndipo kotero tili ndi 1 wogulitsa kunja, timafunikira wachiwiri kuti tiwunikire opennebula yokha, ndidagwiritsa ntchito izi github.com/kvaps/opennebula-exporter/blob/master/opennebula_exporter

Ikhoza kuwonjezeredwa ku zabwinobwino node_exporter kuwunika dongosolo zotsatirazi.

Mu fayilo ya node_exporter timasintha chiyambi monga chonchi:

ExecStart=/usr/sbin/node_exporter --web.listen-address=":9102" --collector.textfile.directory=/var/lib/opennebula_exporter/textfile_collector

Pangani chikwatu mkdir -p /var/lib/opennebula_exporter

bash script yomwe yaperekedwa pamwambapa, choyamba timayang'ana ntchitoyo kudzera mu console, ngati ikuwonetsa zomwe tikufuna (ngati ikupereka cholakwika, kenaka yikani xmlstarlet), lembani ku /usr/local/bin/opennebula_exporter.sh

Onjezani ntchito ya cron pamphindi iliyonse:

*/1 * * * * (/usr/local/bin/opennebula_exporter.sh > /var/lib/opennebula_exporter/textfile_collector/opennebula.prom)

Ma metric adayamba kuwoneka, mutha kuwatenga ngati prometheus ndikupanga ma graph ndikupanga zidziwitso. Ku Grafana mutha kujambula, mwachitsanzo, dashboard yosavuta.

(zikuwonekeratu kuti apa ndikugonjetsa cpu, nkhosa)

Kwa iwo omwe amakonda ndikugwiritsa ntchito Zabbix, alipo github.com/OpenNebula/addon-zabbix

Ponena za kuyang'anira, chinthu chachikulu ndi chakuti chiripo. Inde, mungathe, kuwonjezera apo, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zowunikira makina opangidwa ndi makina ndikuyika deta ku malipiro, apa aliyense ali ndi masomphenya ake, sindinayambe kugwira ntchito pafupi ndi izi.

Sindinayambenso kudula mitengo. Njira yosavuta ndikuwonjezera td-agent kuti muyike / var/lib/chikwatu chimodzi ndi mawu okhazikika. Mwachitsanzo, fayilo ya sunstone.log ikufanana ndi nginx regexp ndi mafayilo ena omwe amasonyeza mbiri yofikira nsanja - ubwino wake ndi wotani? Chabwino, mwachitsanzo, tikhoza kutsata chiwerengero cha "Zolakwika, zolakwika" ndikufufuza mwamsanga kuti ndi pati pomwe pali vuto.

3. Zosunga zobwezeretsera

Palinso ntchito zolipidwa zomwe zamalizidwa - mwachitsanzo sep wiki.sepsoftware.com/wiki/index.php/4_4_3_Tigon:OpenNebula_Backup. Apa tiyenera kumvetsetsa kuti kungosunga chithunzi cha makina sikuli kofanana pankhaniyi, chifukwa makina athu enieni ayenera kugwira ntchito ndikuphatikizana kwathunthu (fayilo yofananira yomwe imafotokoza makonda a netiweki, dzina la vm ndi makonda azomwe mumafunsira) . Chifukwa chake, apa tasankha zomwe tingachite komanso momwe tingathandizire. Nthawi zina ndi bwino kupanga makope a zomwe zili mu vm yokha. Ndipo mwina mumangofunika kusunga disk imodzi kuchokera pamakina opatsidwa.

Mwachitsanzo, tinatsimikiza kuti makina onse amayamba ndi zithunzi zolimbikira, choncho, atatha kuwerenga docs.opennebula.io/5.12/operation/vm_management/img_guide.html

Izi zikutanthauza kuti choyamba titha kukweza chithunzicho kuchokera ku vm yathu:

onevm disk-saveas 74 3 prom.qcow2
Image ID: 77

Смотрим, под каким именем он сохранился

oneimage show 77
/var/lib/one//datastores/100/f9503161fe180658125a9b32433bf6e8
   
И далее копируем куда нам необходимо. Конечно, так себе способ. Просто хотел показать, что используя инструменты opennebula можно строить подобные решения.

Ndinapezanso pa intaneti lipoti losangalatsa ndipo pali zinanso pulojekiti yotseguka yotere, koma pali posungira qcow2.

Koma monga ife tonse tikudziwa, posakhalitsa pakubwera nthawi imene mukufuna owonjezera zosunga zobwezeretsera, ndi zovuta apa ndipo mwina kasamalidwe kugawa ndalama yothetsera analipira, kapena kupita njira ina ndi kumvetsa kuti pano ife tikungodula chuma, ndikupanga zosunga zobwezeretsera pamlingo wogwiritsa ntchito ndikuwonjezera ma node atsopano ndi makina pafupifupi - inde, apa, ndikunena kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mtambo kungoyambitsa masango ogwiritsira ntchito, ndikuyambitsa nkhokwe papulatifomu ina kapena kutenga okonzeka. kuchokera kwa ogulitsa, ngati n'kotheka.

4. Kusavuta kugwiritsa ntchito

M'ndime iyi ndikufotokozera mavuto omwe ndidakumana nawo. Mwachitsanzo, malinga ndi zithunzi, monga tikudziwira, pali kulimbikira - pamene chithunzichi chakwera ku vm, deta yonse imalembedwa ku chithunzichi. Ndipo ngati sizikupitilira, ndiye kuti chithunzicho chimakopera kusungirako ndipo deta imalembedwa ku zomwe zinakopera kuchokera ku chithunzi cha gwero - umu ndi momwe ma templates amagwirira ntchito. Ndinadzibweretsera mavuto mobwerezabwereza ndikuiwala kufotokoza mosalekeza ndipo chithunzi cha 200 GB chinakopedwa, vuto ndiloti njirayi siingatheke, muyenera kupita ku mfundo ndikupha ndondomeko ya "cp" yamakono.

Chimodzi mwazovuta zazikulu ndikuti simungathe kuletsa zochita pongogwiritsa ntchito gui. Kapena m'malo mwake, mudzawaletsa ndikuwona kuti palibe chomwe chikuchitika ndipo mudzawayambitsanso, kuwathetsa ndipo padzakhala kale njira za 2 cp zomwe zimakopera chithunzicho.

Kenako zifika pakumvetsetsa chifukwa chake opennebula manambala nthawi iliyonse yatsopano ndi id yatsopano, mwachitsanzo, mu proxmox yomweyi idapanga vm yokhala ndi id 101, yachotsa, kenako mumayipanganso ndi id 101. Mu opennebula izi sizichitika, chochitika chilichonse chatsopano chidzapangidwa ndi id yatsopano ndipo izi zili ndi malingaliro ake - mwachitsanzo, kuchotsa deta yakale kapena kuyika kosachita bwino.

Zomwezo zimapitanso kusungirako; koposa zonse, nsanja iyi imayang'ana kusungirako pakati. Pali ma addons ogwiritsira ntchito kwanuko, koma sizomwe tikukamba pankhaniyi. Ndikuganiza kuti m'tsogolomu wina adzalemba nkhani ya momwe adagwiritsira ntchito kusungirako kwanuko pa node ndikugwiritsira ntchito bwino popanga.

5. Kuphweka kwambiri

Inde, pamene mukupita, ndipamenenso amene angakumvetseni amakhala ochepa.

Pansi pa zomwe ndimayimilira - ma node a 3 okhala ndi nfs yosungirako - chilichonse chimagwira ntchito bwino. Koma ngati tikuchita zoyeserera zokhudzana ndi kuzimitsa kwamagetsi, mwachitsanzo, poyendetsa chithunzithunzi ndikuzimitsa mphamvu ya node, timasunga zoikamo mu database kuti pali chithunzithunzi, koma kwenikweni palibe (chabwino, tonse timamvetsetsa kuti poyamba adalemba nkhokwe za izi mu sql , koma ntchitoyo siyinapambane). Ubwino wake ndikuti popanga chithunzithunzi, fayilo yosiyana imapangidwa ndipo pali "kholo", chifukwa chake pakakhala zovuta komanso ngakhale sizingagwire ntchito kudzera pa gui, titha kutenga fayilo ya qcow2 ndikuyibwezeretsa padera. docs.opennebula.io/5.8/operation/vm_management/vm_instances.html

Pamanetiweki, mwatsoka, sikuti zonse ndizosavuta. Chabwino, osachepera ndizosavuta kusiyana ndi openstack, ndimagwiritsa ntchito vlan (802.1Q) - zimagwira ntchito bwino, koma ngati mutasintha zosintha kuchokera pa intaneti ya template, ndiye kuti zosinthazi sizidzagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina omwe akuthamanga kale, i.e. muyenera kufufuta ndi kuwonjezera khadi la netiweki, ndiye zosintha zatsopano zidzagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Ngati mukufunabe kufananiza ndi openstack, ndiye kuti mutha kunena izi: mu opennebula palibe tanthauzo lomveka bwino laukadaulo womwe ungagwiritsire ntchito kusunga deta, kuyang'anira maukonde, zothandizira - woyang'anira aliyense amasankha yekha chomwe chili choyenera kwa iye.

6. Zowonjezera mapulagini ndi makhazikitsidwe

Kupatula apo, monga tikumvetsetsa, nsanja yamtambo imatha kuyendetsa osati kvm yokha, komanso vmware esxi. Tsoka ilo, ndinalibe dziwe ndi Vcenter, ngati wina ayesa, chonde lembani.

Thandizo la opereka mtambo ena limanenedwa docs.opennebula.io/5.12/advanced_components/cloud_bursting/index.html
AWS, AZURE.

Ndinayesanso kugwirizanitsa Vmware Cloud kuchokera ku Selectel, koma palibe chomwe chinagwira ntchito - kawirikawiri, chinali choletsedwa chifukwa pali zinthu zambiri, ndipo palibe chifukwa cholembera ku chithandizo chaumisiri cha wothandizira.

Komanso, tsopano mtundu watsopanowu uli ndi firecracker - uku ndiko kukhazikitsidwa kwa microvm, mtundu wa kvm harness pa docker, zomwe zimapereka kusinthasintha, chitetezo ndi kuchuluka kwa zokolola chifukwa palibe chifukwa chowononga zinthu pazida zotsanzira. Ubwino wokhawo womwe ndimawona pa Docker ndikuti sichitengera njira zina zowonjezera ndipo palibe zokhalamo mukamagwiritsa ntchito kutsanzira uku, mwachitsanzo. Ndizotheka kuzigwiritsa ntchito ngati zolemetsa zolemetsa (koma ndizoyenera kulemba nkhani ina ya izi mpaka nditayesa mayeso onse).

7. Zinachitikira zabwino ntchito ndi zolakwika debugging

Ndinkafuna kugawana zomwe ndikuwona pa ntchitoyo, ndinalongosola zina mwa izo pamwambapa, ndikufuna kulemba zambiri. Zowonadi, mwina sindine ndekha amene poyamba ndimaganiza kuti iyi si njira yolondola ndipo zonse apa ndi njira yopulumutsira - amagwira ntchito bwanji ndi izi? Koma ndiye kumvetsetsa kumabwera kuti zonse ndi zomveka. Zachidziwikire, simungasangalatse aliyense ndipo mbali zina zimafunikira kusintha.

Mwachitsanzo, ntchito yosavuta yojambula chithunzi cha disk kuchokera kumalo osungirako zinthu kupita ku china. Kwa ine, pali ma node a 2 okhala ndi nfs, ndimatumiza chithunzicho - kukopera kumachitika kudzera pa opennebula yakutsogolo, ngakhale tonse timazolowera kuti deta iyenera kukopera mwachindunji pakati pa makamu - mu vmware yomweyo, hyper-v tili. anazolowera izi, koma apa kwa wina. Pali njira yosiyana komanso malingaliro osiyana, ndipo mu mtundu 5.12 adachotsa batani la "samutsira ku datastore" - makina okhawo amasamutsidwa, koma osati kusungirako chifukwa. zikutanthauza kusungirako pakati.

Chotsatira ndi cholakwika chodziwika ndi zifukwa zosiyanasiyana: "Kulakwitsa kutumizira makina enieni: Sanathe kupanga domain kuchokera / var/lib/one//datastores/103/10/deployment.5" Pansipa pali chinthu chapamwamba choti muwone.

• Ufulu wazithunzi kwa wogwiritsa ntchito oneadmin;
• Zilolezo za oneadmin wogwiritsa ntchito libvirtd;
• Kodi malo osungiramo data adayikidwa bwino? Pitani mukayang'ane njira pa mfundo yokha, mwinamwake chinachake chagwa;
• Netiweki yosinthidwa molakwika, kapena m'malo mwake, ili pamanetiweki pomwe mawonekedwe akulu a vlan ndi br0, koma pa node amalembedwa ngati bridge0 - iyenera kukhala yofanana.

system datastore imasunga metadata ya vm yanu, ngati muthamangitsa vm ndi chithunzi cholimbikira, ndiye kuti vm iyenera kukhala ndi mwayi wokonzekera koyambirira komwe mudapanga vm - izi ndizofunikira kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, mukamasamutsa vm kupita ku sitolo ina, muyenera kuyang'ana zonse ziwiri.

8. Zolemba, mudzi. Kupititsa patsogolo

Ndipo zina zonse, zolemba zabwino, anthu ammudzi ndi chinthu chachikulu ndikuti polojekitiyi ikupitirizabe kukhala ndi moyo m'tsogolomu.

Nthawi zambiri, chilichonse chimalembedwa bwino ndipo ngakhale kugwiritsa ntchito gwero lovomerezeka sikungakhale vuto kukhazikitsa ndikupeza mayankho a mafunso.

Community, achangu. Imasindikiza mayankho ambiri okonzeka omwe mungagwiritse ntchito pakuyika kwanu.

Pakadali pano, mfundo zina mukampani zasintha kuyambira 5.12 forum.opennebula.io/t/towards-a-stronger-opennebula-community/8506/14 Zidzakhala zosangalatsa kuona momwe polojekitiyi ikuyendera. Kumayambiriro, ndinatchula mwachindunji ena mwa ogulitsa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mayankho awo ndi zomwe makampani amapereka. Inde, palibe yankho lomveka bwino pazomwe mungagwiritse ntchito. Koma kwa mabungwe ang'onoang'ono, kusunga kamtambo kawo kakang'ono sikungakhale kodula monga momwe kumawonekera. Chinthu chachikulu ndicho kudziwa zomwe mukufuna.

Chotsatira chake, mosasamala kanthu zomwe mumasankha ngati mtambo, simuyenera kuyima pa chinthu chimodzi. Ngati muli ndi nthawi, ndi bwino kuyang'ana njira zina zotseguka.

Pali macheza abwino t.me/opennebula Amathandizira mwachangu ndipo samakutumizani kuti mukafufuze njira yothetsera vutoli pa Google. Titsatireni.

Source: www.habr.com