Maloya a Oracle amayerekezera kukhazikitsidwanso kwa Java API mu Android ndi kukopera zomwe zili mu "Harry Potter", kerala

Khoti Lalikulu ku United States lidzamvetsera mlandu wofunika kumayambiriro kwa chaka chino. Oracle vs Google, zomwe zidzatsimikizira momwe API alili mwalamulo pansi pa malamulo amisiri. Ngati khothi likhala kumbali ya Oracle pamlandu wake wa madola mabiliyoni ambiri, likhoza kulepheretsa mpikisano ndikulimbitsa ulamuliro wa zimphona zaukadaulo, mwinanso Google yomwe.

Panthawi imodzimodziyo, bizinesi ya Oracle inamangidwa poyamba pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa chinenero cha SQL chopangidwa ndi IBM, ndipo ngakhale tsopano kampaniyo imapereka utumiki wamtambo ndi API kuchokera ku Amazon S3, ndipo izi ndi zachilendo. Kukonzanso kwa API kwakhala gawo lachilengedwe la chitukuko cha sayansi yamakompyuta kuyambira chiyambi chamakampani.

Oracle akudzudzula Google kuti amakopera Java API mosaloledwa, kuphatikizapo mndandanda wa malamulo otchulidwa omwe amamangiriridwa ku machitidwe a galamala. Dongosolo la Android limagwirizana kwambiri ndi Java API kuti zikhale zosavuta kwa opanga mapulogalamu a Java kusamutsa mapulogalamu ndi chidziwitso ku nsanja yatsopano. Kuti muchite izi, Android idakopera ndendende malamulo a Java API ndi machitidwe a galamala. Kukangana Oracle ndikuti "kukonzanso" kwa Java API kungafanane ndi kukopera ntchito ya wolemba, monga buku la "Harry Potter" (izi chitsanzo chenicheni choperekedwa ndi maloya a Oracle), ndipo Google imaphwanya copyright ya Oracle pa Java API command names and structures.

Koma ma API a Java si ma API okhawo, ndipo Android siwokhawo wokonzanso. M'makampani amakono a IT, ma API amapezeka ponseponse, ndipo kubweretsanso ndikofunikira kuti tisunge mpikisano kuti mabizinesi akulu asamangokhalira kulamulira. amaganiza Charles Duane ndi director of technology and innovation policy ku R Street Institute.

Duane amapereka chitsanzo cha nsanja yotchuka ya Amazon S3 yosungirako. Kuti athe kulemba ndi kubweza mafayilo kuchokera ku S3, Amazon yapanga zambiri, mwatsatanetsatane API kulumikizana ndi utumiki. Mwachitsanzo, kuti mupeze mndandanda wamafayilo osungidwa (ListObjects) timatumiza lamulo la GET lofotokoza magawo omwe ali nawo ndi mtundu encoding-mtundu, kupitiriza-chizindikiro и tsiku la x-amz. Kuti mugwire ntchito ndi Amazon S3, pulogalamuyo iyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mayina awa ndi ena ambiri enieni.

GET /?Delimiter=Delimiter&EncodingType=EncodingType&Marker=Marker&MaxKeys=MaxKeys&Prefix=Prefix HTTP/1.1
Host: Bucket.s3.amazonaws.com
x-amz-request-payer: RequestPayer

Amazon ndiye mtsogoleri womveka bwino pamsika wantchito zamtambo, ndipo omwe akupikisana nawo amapereka kukonzanso kwa S3 API, pomwe amayenera kutsanzira mayina amalamulo, ma tag a parameter, prefixes. x-amz, kalembedwe ka galamala ndi dongosolo lonse la S3 API. M'mawu ena, chilichonse chomwe Oracle amadzinenera ali nacho.

Pakati pamakampani omwe amapereka kopi ya Amazon S3 API ndi palinso Oracle yokha. Kuti zigwirizane, Amazon S3 Compatibility API imakopera zinthu zambiri za Amazon API, mpaka ma tag a x-amz.

Oracle imati kuvomerezeka kwa zochita zake kumachokera pa layisensi ya Apache 2.0 yotseguka, yomwe imalola kukopera kwaulere ndikusintha kachidindo. Mwachitsanzo, Amazon SDK ya Java imabweranso ndi layisensi ya Apache 2.0.

Koma funso ndilakuti ngati malamulo anzeru amakhudzanso zinthu monga ma API. Izi ndi zomwe Khothi Lalikulu liyenera kusankha.

Ndani adayambitsa API?

Mawu ndi lingaliro la "laibulale yaing'ono" adawonekera koyamba m'buku lakuti Planning and Coding Problems for an Electronic Computing Instrument - Gawo II, Volume III (Princeton University Institute of Advanced Study, 1948) lolemba Herman Goldstein ndi John von Neumann. kukopera pa archive.org. Zomwe zili mu buku lachitatu:

Uku ndiko kulongosola koyamba kwa njira yamapulogalamu yamakompyuta omwe amasunga mapulogalamu pamtima (kale izi sizinalipo). Idafalitsidwa kwambiri ku mayunivesite, omwe panthawiyo anali kuyesa kupanga makompyuta awoawo. Ndipo chofunikira kwambiri, bukuli lili ndi lingaliro lofunikira: mapulogalamu ambiri adzagwiritsa ntchito wamba, ndipo malaibulale okhala ndi machitidwe adzachepetsa kuchuluka kwa ma code atsopano ndi zolakwika. Lingaliro ili lidakonzedwanso ndi Maurice Wilkes ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito mu makina a EDSAC, omwe adalandira Mphotho ya Turing ya 1967.

Laibulale yocheperako ya EDSAC ili kumanzere

Chotsatira chinali kupanga ntchito zapamwamba komanso zolumikizira zonse zamapulogalamu, monga Maurice Wilkes ndi David Wheeler adachitira Kukonzekera Mapulogalamu a Electronic Digital Computer (1951).

Liwu lokha Pulogalamu Yogwiritsira Ntchito (API) adawonekera kwinakwake kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 60.

Wolemba nkhaniyo "A Brief Subjective History of API" Joshua Block amapereka zitsanzo zingapo zamapulogalamu olumikizirana, ma seti a malangizo, ndi malaibulale ang'onoang'ono: momwe adapangidwira ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito pambuyo pake. Lingaliro ndiloti kugwiritsanso ntchito ndiye nsonga ya API. Izi ndi zomwe adalengedwera poyamba. Ndipo opanga nthawi zonse amakhala ndi mwayi wokopera ndi kupanganso ma API a anthu ena:

API
Mlengi
Год
Kukhazikitsanso
Год

Zithunzi za FORTRAN
IBM
1958
Univac
1961

IBM S/360 ISA
IBM
1964
Zotsatira Amdahl Corp.
1970

Standard C Library
AT&T/Bell Labs
1976
Malingaliro a kampani Mark Williams Co.
1980

Unix system mafoni
AT&T/Bell Labs
1976
Malingaliro a kampani Mark Williams Co.
1980

Zithunzi za VT100ESC
DEC
1978
Heathkit
1980

IBM PC BIOS
IBM
1981
Phoenix Technologies
1984

MS-DOS CLI
Microsoft
1981
Pulogalamu ya FreeDOS
1998

Hayes AT command set
Hayes Micro
1982
Anchor Automation
1985

PostScript
Adobe
1985
GNU/GhostScript
1988

SMB
Microsoft
1992
Samba Project
1993

Win32
Microsoft
1993
Wine Project
1996

Java 2 class library
Sun
1998
Google/Android
2008

Web API Delicious
zokoma
2003
Pini
2009

Source: "A Brief Subjective History of API"

Kukopera ndi kugwiritsanso ntchito ma API (malaibulale, ma seti a malangizo) sizolondola kokha, koma njira yopangira mapulogalamuyi imalimbikitsidwa mwachindunji mu canon za sayansi yamakompyuta. Ngakhale ndisanakopere mapulogalamu a S3, Oracle mwiniyo adachita izi nthawi zambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, bizinesi ya Oracle idamangidwa pakukhazikitsa chilankhulo cha SQL chopangidwa ndi IBM. Chogulitsa choyamba cha Oracle chinali DBMS, makamaka chojambulidwa kuchokera ku IBM System R. Pankhaniyi, tikukamba za kukhazikitsidwanso kwa SQL monga "standard API" kwa DBMS.

Kuika ufulu wachidziwitso pa ma API kumatha kupanga malo osungiramo malamulo omwe amakhudza aliyense. APIs kukhazikitsa ndi ntchito zina zamtambo. Miyezo yambiri yaukadaulo, monga ma protocol a Wi-Fi ndi intaneti, imaphatikizapo ma API. Zolumikizira zamapulogalamu zimakhazikitsidwanso mwanjira ina pakompyuta ndi seva iliyonse pa intaneti. Lingaliro la copyright la Oracle litha kupangitsa chilichonse chomwe mumachita ndi kompyuta yanu kukhala yosaloledwa.

Kuti tipewe zotsatirazi, Oracle ndi khothi la apilo lomwe linagwirizana ndi mfundo zake ayesa kuchepetsa kuphwanya ufulu wa kukopera pazowonjezera zina za API zomwe "sizikugwirizana" ndi zoyambirira. Koma kukonzanso pang'ono ndizofala. Ngakhale m'kope lake la S3 API, Oracle amalemba "zosiyana" zambiri komanso zosagwirizana ndi ma API oyambilira a Amazon.

Choopsa chachikulu cha mlandu wa Oracle ndikuti chitha kuletsa makampani ang'onoang'ono aukadaulo kupanga masinthidwe azinthu zomwe zimagwirizana ndi nsanja zazikulu monga S3. Popanda kugwirizanitsa koteroko, opanga mapulogalamu adzatsekedwa bwino kuti asapereke zopereka za kampaniyi.

Oimira mafakitale ndi omanga akhoza kungoyembekeza kuti chifukwa chidzapambana pano, ndi oweruza amadziwa zoyambira zamapulogalamu.

Source: www.habr.com