Kukonzekera kwa kayendetsedwe ka ntchito mu gulu la polojekiti ya IT

Moni abwenzi. Nthawi zambiri, makamaka potumiza kunja, ndimawona chithunzi chomwecho. Kupanda mayendedwe omveka bwino m'magulu pama projekiti osiyanasiyana.

Chofunika kwambiri ndikuti opanga mapulogalamu samamvetsetsa momwe angalankhulire ndi kasitomala komanso wina ndi mnzake. Momwe mungapangire njira yopitilira kupanga chinthu chabwino. Momwe mungakonzekere tsiku lanu lantchito ndi ma sprints.

Ndipo zonsezi pamapeto pake zimabweretsa kuphonya kwamasiku omaliza, nthawi yowonjezera, mikangano yosalekeza ya yemwe ali ndi mlandu, komanso kusakhutira kwamakasitomala ndi komwe ndi momwe zonse zikuyendera. Nthawi zambiri, zonsezi zimabweretsa kusintha kwa mapulogalamu, kapena magulu onse. Kutaya kasitomala, kuwonongeka kwa mbiri, ndi zina zotero.

Panthawi ina, ndinangomaliza kumene ntchito yoteroyo, kumene kunali zosangalatsa zonsezi.

Palibe amene ankafuna kutenga udindo wa polojekitiyi (msika waukulu wautumiki), chiwongoladzanja chinali choopsa, kasitomala amangong'ambika ndi kukhumudwa. Mtsogoleri wamkulu adabwera kwa ine ndikundiuza kuti muli ndi chidziwitso chofunikira, ndiye makhadi ali m'manja mwanu. Tengani polojekiti yanu. Ngati mutasokoneza, tidzatseka polojekitiyi ndikuthamangitsa aliyense. Idzayenda bwino, idzakhala yabwino, kenako itsogolereni ndikuyikulitsa momwe mukufunira. Zotsatira zake, ndinakhala mtsogoleri wa gulu la polojekitiyi ndipo zonse zinagwera pamapewa anga.

Chinthu choyamba chimene ndinachita chinali kupanga kayendedwe ka ntchito kuchokera pachiyambi komwe kumagwirizana ndi masomphenya anga panthawiyo, ndikulemba ndondomeko ya ntchito ya gululo. Kukhazikitsa sikunali kophweka. Koma mkati mwa mwezi umodzi kapena kuposerapo zonse zidakhazikika, opanga ndi kasitomala adazolowera, ndipo zonse zidapita mwakachetechete komanso bwino. Pofuna kusonyeza gululo kuti ichi sichinali chabe "mkuntho mu teacup", koma njira yeniyeni yothetsera vutoli, ndinatenga udindo waukulu kwambiri, ndikuchotsa chizolowezi chosasangalatsa cha gululo.

Chaka ndi theka chadutsa kale, ndipo ntchitoyi ikukula popanda nthawi yowonjezera, popanda "mitundu ya makoswe" ndi mitundu yonse ya nkhawa. Anthu ena m'gulu lakale sanafune kugwira ntchito choncho ndipo anachoka; ena, m'malo mwake, anasangalala kwambiri kuti malamulo owonekera adawonekera. Koma pamapeto pake, aliyense pagululi ali wolimbikitsidwa kwambiri ndipo amadziwa ntchito yayikuluyi mokwanira, kuphatikiza kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo. Kuphatikiza ma code base ndi malingaliro onse abizinesi. Zafika mpaka pomwe sitili "opalasa" chabe, koma ife tokha timabwera ndi njira zambiri zamabizinesi ndi zatsopano zomwe bizinesi imakonda.

Chifukwa cha njira iyi kumbali yathu, kasitomala adaganiza zoyitanitsa msika wina kuchokera ku kampani yathu, yomwe ndi nkhani yabwino.

Popeza izi zimagwira ntchito yanga, mwina zithandizanso wina. Chifukwa chake, njira yomwe idatithandizira kupulumutsa polojekitiyi:

Njira yogwirira ntchito yamagulu pa "Project My Favorite"

a) Njira yamagulu amkati (pakati pa opanga)

• Nkhani zonse zimapangidwa mu dongosolo la Jira
• Ntchito iliyonse iyenera kufotokozedwa momwe mungathere ndikuchita chinthu chimodzi chokha
• Chilichonse, ngati chiri chovuta mokwanira, chimagawidwa kukhala ntchito zazing'ono zambiri
• Gulu limagwira ntchito pazinthu monga ntchito imodzi. Choyamba, tonse timagwirira ntchito limodzi pa chinthu chimodzi, tumizani kuti chiyesedwe, kenaka mutenge chotsatira.
• Ntchito iliyonse imayikidwa chizindikiro, kumbuyo kapena kutsogolo
• Pali mitundu ya ntchito ndi nsikidzi. Muyenera kuwasonyeza molondola.
• Mukamaliza ntchitoyo, imasamutsidwa ku mawonekedwe owunikiranso (panthawiyi, pempho lachikoka limapangidwira mnzanu)
• Munthu amene anamaliza ntchitoyi nthawi yomweyo amatsata nthawi yake yogwira ntchitoyi.
• Pambuyo poyang'ana kachidindo, PR idzavomereza ndipo pambuyo pake, yemwe adachita ntchitoyi payekha amayiphatikiza mu nthambi ya master, pambuyo pake amasintha mawonekedwe ake kuti akonzekere kutumizidwa ku seva ya dev.
• Ntchito zonse zokonzekera kutumizidwa ku seva ya dev zimatumizidwa ndi wotsogolera gulu (gawo lake laudindo), nthawi zina ndi membala wa gulu, ngati china chake chili chachangu. Pambuyo pa kutumizidwa, ntchito zonse zokonzeka kutumizidwa ku dev zimasamutsidwa kumalo - zokonzeka kuyesedwa pa dev.
• Ntchito zonse zimayesedwa ndi kasitomala
• Makasitomala akayesa ntchito pa dev, amasamutsira pamalo okonzeka kutumizidwa kukupanga.
• Kuti titumizidwe kukupanga, tili ndi nthambi yosiyana, komwe timaphatikiza mbuyeyo asanatumizidwe
• Ngati pakuyesa kasitomala apeza nsikidzi, amabwezera ntchitoyo kuti iwunikenso, ndikuyika mawonekedwe ake kuti abwererenso. Mwanjira iyi timalekanitsa ntchito zatsopano ndi zomwe sizinayesedwe.
• Zotsatira zake, ntchito zonse zimachokera ku chilengedwe mpaka kumapeto: Kuchita → Muchitukuko → Ndemanga Yamalamulo → Okonzeka tumizani ku dev → QA pa dev → (Bwererani ku dev) → Okonzeka kutumiza ku prod → QA pa prod → Ndamaliza
• Wopanga aliyense amayesa code yake pawokha, kuphatikiza ngati wogwiritsa ntchito tsamba. Sizololedwa kuphatikiza nthambi kukhala yayikulu pokhapokha zitadziwika bwino kuti code imagwira ntchito.
• Ntchito iliyonse ili ndi zofunika kwambiri. Zofunikira zimayikidwa ndi kasitomala kapena gulu lotsogolera.
• Madivelopa amamaliza ntchito zofunika poyamba.
• Madivelopa amatha kugawirana ntchito wina ndi mnzake ngati nsikidzi zosiyanasiyana zidapezeka mudongosolo kapena ntchito imodzi imakhala ndi akatswiri angapo.
• Ntchito zonse zomwe kasitomala amapanga zimapita kwa wotsogolera gulu, yemwe amawayesa ndikufunsa kasitomala kuti awasinthe kapena amawagawira m'modzi mwa mamembala.
• Ntchito zonse zomwe zakonzeka kutumizidwa ku dev kapena prod zimapitanso kwa otsogolera gulu, omwe amasankha okha nthawi ndi momwe angagwiritsire ntchito. Pambuyo pa kutumizidwa kulikonse, wotsogolera gulu (kapena membala wa gulu) ayenera kudziwitsa kasitomala za izi. Komanso sinthani ma status a ntchito kuti akonzekere kuyesedwa kwa dev/cont.
• Tsiku lililonse nthawi imodzi (kwa ife ndi 12.00) timakhala ndi msonkhano pakati pa mamembala onse a gulu
• Aliyense pa msonkhanowo apereka lipoti, kuphatikizapo mtsogoleri wa gulu, zomwe anachita dzulo ndi zomwe akukonzekera kuchita lero. Zomwe sizikugwira ntchito komanso chifukwa chake. Mwanjira iyi gulu lonse limadziwa yemwe akuchita zomwe ndi gawo lomwe polojekitiyo ili. Izi zimatipatsa mwayi wolosera ndikusintha, ngati kuli kofunikira, kuyerekezera kwathu ndi masiku omalizira.
• Pamsonkhanowo, gulu lotsogolera limalankhulanso za kusintha konse kwa polojekitiyi komanso kuchuluka kwa nsikidzi zomwe zilipo zomwe kasitomala sanapeze. Ziphuphu zonse zimasanjidwa ndikupatsidwa kwa membala aliyense wa gulu kuti athetse.
• Pamsonkhanowo, mtsogoleri wa gulu amagawira ntchito kwa munthu aliyense, poganizira za ntchito zomwe akupanga panopa, mlingo wawo wa maphunziro aukadaulo, komanso poganizira za kuyandikira kwa ntchito inayake ku zomwe wopangayo akuchita.
• Pamsonkhanowu, mtsogoleri wa gulu amapanga njira yodziwika bwino ya zomangamanga ndi malingaliro abizinesi. Pambuyo pake gulu lonse likukambirana izi ndikusankha kusintha kapena kutsata ndondomekoyi.
• Wopanga aliyense amalemba kachidindo ndikupanga ma aligorivimu modziyimira pawokha pamapangidwe amodzi ndi malingaliro abizinesi. Aliyense akhoza kufotokoza masomphenya ake a kukhazikitsa, koma palibe amene akukakamiza wina kuti achite izi osati mwanjira ina. Chisankho chilichonse chili choyenera. Ngati pali njira yabwinoko, koma palibe nthawi ya izo tsopano, ndiye kuti ntchito imapangidwa mumafuta kuti tsogolo la gawo lina la code liwonekere.
• Wopanga mapulogalamu akagwira ntchito, amasamutsira ku chitukuko. Kulankhulana konse kokhudzana ndi kufotokozera ntchito ndi kasitomala kumagwera pamapewa a wopanga. Mafunso aukadaulo atha kufunsidwa kwa otsogolera gulu kapena anzawo.
• Ngati wopanga mapulogalamu sakumvetsa tanthauzo la ntchitoyi, ndipo kasitomala sanathe kufotokoza momveka bwino, ndiye amapita kuntchito yotsatira. Ndipo wotsogolera gulu amatenga yomwe ili pano ndikukambirana ndi kasitomala.
• Tsiku lililonse, wopanga amayenera kulemba pamacheza a kasitomala za ntchito zomwe adagwira dzulo ndi ntchito zomwe angagwire lero.
• Ntchitoyi imachitika molingana ndi Scrum. Chilichonse chimagawidwa kukhala sprints. Kuthamanga kulikonse kumatenga milungu iwiri.
• Sprints amapangidwa, kudzazidwa ndi kutsekedwa ndi gulu lotsogolera.
• Ngati polojekitiyo ili ndi masiku omalizira, ndiye kuti timayesetsa kuyerekezera ntchito zonse. Ndipo timawayika pamodzi kukhala mpikisano wothamanga. Ngati wogula ayesa kuwonjezera ntchito zina ku sprint, ndiye kuti timayika zofunikira ndikusamutsa ntchito zina ku sprint yotsatira.

b) Njira yogwirira ntchito ndi kasitomala

• Wopanga aliyense angathe ndipo ayenera kulumikizana ndi kasitomala
• Wogula sangaloledwe kuyika malamulo ake a masewerawo. Ndikofunikira kumveketsa kwa kasitomala mwaulemu komanso mwansangala kuti ndife akatswiri pantchito yathu, ndipo tokha tiyenera kupanga njira zogwirira ntchito ndikuphatikiza makasitomala mwa iwo.
• Ndikofunikira, makamaka, musanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito iliyonse, kuti mupange ndondomeko ya ndondomeko yonse yomveka bwino (ntchito). Ndipo tumizani kwa kasitomala kuti mutsimikizire. Izi zimangogwira ntchito zovuta komanso zosadziwika bwino, mwachitsanzo, njira yolipira, dongosolo lazidziwitso, ndi zina. Izi zidzatithandiza kumvetsetsa bwino zomwe kasitomala amafunikira, kusunga zolemba za mawonekedwewo, komanso kudzitsimikizira tokha kuti kasitomala anganene m'tsogolo kuti sitinachite zomwe adafunsa.
• Zithunzi zonse/maflowchart/logic etc. Timasunga mu Confluence / Fat, komwe timapempha kasitomala kuti atsimikizire kulondola kwazomwe zidzachitike m'tsogolomu mu ndemanga.
• Timayesetsa kuti tisalemetse makasitomala ndi zambiri zaukadaulo. Ngati tikufuna kumvetsetsa momwe kasitomala amafunira, ndiye kuti timajambula ma aligorivimu akale monga ma flowchart omwe kasitomala amatha kumvetsetsa ndikuwongolera / kusintha chilichonse payekha.
• Ngati kasitomala apeza cholakwika mu polojekitiyi, tikukupemphani kuti mufotokoze mwatsatanetsatane mu Zhira. Zinachitika pati, liti, ndizochitika zotani zomwe makasitomala adachita panthawi yoyesedwa. Chonde phatikizani zowonera.
• Timayesa tsiku lililonse, tsiku lililonse, makamaka, kutumiza ku seva ya dev. Wogulayo ndiye akuyamba kuyesa magwiridwe antchito ndipo pulojekitiyi siyimayima ayi. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ichi ndi chizindikiro kwa kasitomala kuti polojekitiyi ikukula bwino ndipo palibe amene akumuuza nthano.
• Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti kasitomala samamvetsetsa bwino zomwe akufunikira. Chifukwa akudzipangira yekha bizinesi yatsopano, ndi njira zomwe sizinakhazikitsidwebe. Chifukwa chake, chodziwika kwambiri ndi pamene timaponya zidutswa zonse za code mu zinyalala ndikukonzanso malingaliro ogwiritsira ntchito. Izi zikutanthauza kuti simuyenera kuphimba chilichonse ndi mayeso. Ndizomveka kubisa magwiridwe antchito ofunikira ndi mayeso, kenako ndikusungitsa.
• Pali zochitika pamene gulu limazindikira kuti sitikukwaniritsa masiku omalizira. Kenako timawunika mwachangu ntchitozo ndikudziwitsa makasitomala nthawi yomweyo. Monga njira yochotsera vutoli, tikupempha kuti tiyambe ntchito zofunika komanso zofunikira panthawi yake, ndikusiya zina kuti zitulutsidwe.
• Ngati kasitomala ayamba kubwera ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana pamutu pake, akuyamba kuganiza ndi kufotokoza ndi zala zake, ndiye tikumupempha kuti atipatse tsamba lamasamba ndikuyenda ndi malingaliro omwe ayenera kufotokoza bwino khalidwe la dongosolo lonse ndi zinthu zake.
• Tisanayambe ntchito iliyonse, tiyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti mbaliyi yaphatikizidwa ndi mgwirizano wathu / mgwirizano. Ngati ichi ndi chinthu chatsopano chomwe chikupitilira mapangano athu oyambilira, ndiye kuti tiyenera kuyika mtengo ((nthawi yomaliza + 30%) x 2) ndikuwonetsa kwa kasitomala kuti zidzatitengera nthawi yayitali kuti timalize, kuphatikiza tsiku lomalizira limasinthidwa ndi nthawi yoyerekeza yochulukitsa ndi ziwiri. Tiyeni tigwire ntchitoyi mwachangu - zabwino, aliyense adzapindula nazo. Ngati sichoncho, ndiye kuti tikuphimbani.

c) Zomwe sitimavomereza mu timu:

• Kusadzipereka, kusakhazikika, kuiwala
• "Kudyetsa chakudya cham'mawa." Ngati simungathe kumaliza ntchito ndipo simukudziwa momwe mungachitire, ndiye kuti muyenera kudziwitsa gulu lotsogolera za izo nthawi yomweyo, ndipo musadikire mpaka mphindi yomaliza.
• Masamba ndi kudzitamandira kwa munthu yemwe sanatsimikizirepo luso lake ndi luso lake. Ngati zitsimikiziridwa, ndiye kuti ndizotheka, mkati mwa malire a ulemu :)
• Chinyengo chamitundu yonse. Ngati ntchito siinamalizidwe, ndiye kuti simuyenera kusintha mawonekedwe ake kuti amalize ndikulemba muzokambirana za kasitomala kuti yakonzeka. Kompyutayo inasweka, dongosolo linagwa, galu anatafuna pa laputopu - zonsezi ndizosavomerezeka. Ngati chochitika chenicheni cha mphamvu majeure chikuchitika, mtsogoleri wa gulu ayenera kudziwitsidwa nthawi yomweyo.
• Katswiri akakhala kuti alibe intaneti nthawi zonse ndipo zimakhala zovuta kumufikira nthawi yantchito.
• Kuopsa kwa timu sikuloledwa! Ngati wina sakugwirizana ndi zinazake, ndiye kuti aliyense amasonkhana pamodzi ndi kukambirana ndikusankha.

Ndipo mafunso / malingaliro angapo omwe nthawi zina ndimafunsa kasitomala wanga kuti athetse kusamvana konse:

1. Kodi mukuyenera kuchita chiyani?
2. Kodi mumadziwa bwanji ngati polojekiti ili ndi mavuto kapena ayi?
3. Mwa kuphwanya malingaliro athu onse ndi upangiri pakusintha / kukonza dongosolo, zoopsa zonse zimatengedwa ndi inu nokha
4. Kusintha kwakukulu kulikonse kwa polojekitiyi (mwachitsanzo, mitundu yonse ya zotuluka) zidzabweretsa kuoneka kwa nsikidzi (zomwe tidzakonza)
5. Ndikosatheka kumvetsetsa mkati mwa mphindi zingapo kuti ndi vuto lanji lomwe lidachitika pantchitoyo, ngakhale kulikonza nthawi yomweyo
6. Timagwira ntchito pamayendedwe apadera (Ntchito ku Zhira - Development - Testing - Deploy). Izi zikutanthauza kuti sitingathe kuyankha kumayendedwe onse a zopempha ndi madandaulo muzokambirana.
7. Opanga mapulogalamu ndi opanga mapulogalamu, osati oyesa akatswiri, ndipo sangathe kutsimikizira kuyesedwa koyenera kwa polojekiti
8. Udindo woyesa komaliza ndikuvomereza ntchito zopanga uli ndi inu
9. Ngati tayamba kale kugwira ntchito, sitingasinthe nthawi yomweyo kwa ena mpaka titamaliza yomwe ilipo (kupanda kutero izi zimabweretsa zolakwika zambiri ndikuwonjezera nthawi yachitukuko)
10. Pali anthu ochepa pagulu (chifukwa chatchuthi kapena matenda), koma pali ntchito yambiri ndipo mwakuthupi sitidzakhala ndi nthawi yoti tiyankhe chilichonse chomwe mukufuna.
11. Tikukupemphani kuti mutumize kupanga popanda ntchito zoyesedwa pa dev - ichi ndi chiwopsezo chanu chokha, osati opanga
12. Mukayika ntchito zosadziwika bwino, popanda kuyenda koyenera, popanda masanjidwe apangidwe, izi zimafuna khama komanso nthawi yoyambira kuchokera kwa ife, chifukwa tiyenera kuchita ntchito yowonjezereka m'malo mwa inu.
13. Ntchito zilizonse pa nsikidzi, popanda kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane zomwe zimachitika komanso zowonera, sizitipatsa mwayi womvetsetsa zomwe zidalakwika komanso momwe tingakonzere cholakwikacho.
14. Pulojekitiyi imafuna kukonzanso nthawi zonse ndikuwongolera kuti ntchitoyo ikhale yabwino komanso chitetezo. Chifukwa chake, gululi limagwiritsa ntchito gawo lanthawi yake pazosinthazi
15. Chifukwa chakuti tili ndi nthawi yowonjezereka pofika ola (zokonzekera mwamsanga), tiyenera kuwalipira masiku ena.

Monga lamulo, kasitomala amamvetsetsa nthawi yomweyo kuti zonse sizophweka pakupanga mapulogalamu, ndipo chikhumbo chokha sichikwanira.

Mwambiri, ndizo zonse. Ndimasiya zokambirana zambiri ndikuwongolera njira zonse, koma chifukwa chake, zonse zidayenda bwino. Ndikhoza kunena kuti ndondomekoyi inakhala ngati "Silver Bullet" kwa ife. Anthu atsopano omwe adabwera ku polojekitiyo atha kutenga nawo mbali pa ntchitoyi kuyambira tsiku loyamba, chifukwa ndondomeko zonse zafotokozedwa, ndi zolemba ndi zomangamanga mu mawonekedwe a zithunzi nthawi yomweyo zinapereka lingaliro la zomwe tonse tikuchita pano.

PS Ndikufuna kufotokozera kuti palibe woyang'anira polojekiti kumbali yathu. Zili kumbali ya kasitomala. Osati techie konse. European project. Kulankhulana konse kuli m'Chingerezi chokha.

Zabwino zonse kwa aliyense pamapulojekiti anu. Osatopa ndikuyesera kukonza njira zanu.

Gwero mu mgodi positi blog.

Source: www.habr.com