izi Leslie Lamport - mlembi wa ntchito zoyambira pamakompyuta ogawidwa, ndipo mutha kumudziwanso ndi zilembo La m'mawu LaTeX - "Lamport TeX". Ndi iye amene kwa nthawi yoyamba, kumbuyo mu 1979, anayambitsa lingaliro kusasinthasintha, ndi nkhani yake "Momwe Mungapangire Makompyuta Ambiri Omwe Amagwira Ntchito Zosiyanasiyana" adalandira Mphotho ya Dijkstra (modekha, mu 2000 mphothoyo idatchedwa kale: "PODC Influential Paper Award"). Pali za iye Nkhani ya Wikipedia, komwe mungapeze maulalo ena osangalatsa. Ngati muli okondwa kuthana ndi mavuto pazomwe zikuchitika - zisanachitike kapena mavuto a akazembe a Byzantine (BFT), akuyenera kumvetsetsa kuti Lamport ndiye kuseri kwa zonsezi.

Ndipo posachedwa adzabwera ku msonkhano wathu watsopano pa kompyuta yogawidwa - Hydra, yomwe idzachitike July 11-12 ku St. Tiye tione kuti ndi nyama yanji.

Zamgululi

Mitu ngati ma multithreading ndi ina mwamitu yotentha kwambiri pamisonkhano yathu, yakhala ikuchitika. Holo iyi idangosiyidwa, koma munthu amawonekera pa siteji akulankhula za chitsanzo cha kukumbukira, chisanachitike kapena kusonkhanitsa zinyalala zamitundu yambiri ndi - boom! - kale pansi pa chikwi anthu amatenga malo onse omwe alipo kuti akhale pansi ndikumvetsera mosamala. Kodi tanthauzo la kupambana kumeneku ndi chiyani? Mwinanso kuti tonse tili ndi zida zamtundu wina m'manja mwathu zomwe zimatha kukonza makompyuta ogawidwa? Kapena kodi timamvetsetsa mosazindikira kulephera kwathu kuyiyika pamtengo wake weniweni? Pali nkhani yeniyeni ya munthu wina wa St. Petersburg quantum (ndiko kuti, katswiri wa zachuma ndi wokonza mapulogalamu), yemwe anamaliza ndi gulu la makompyuta m'manja mwake, mphamvu zonse zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi iye yekha. Ndipo mungatani ngati mutagwira ntchito zanu ndi mphamvu zambiri kuposa pano?

Chifukwa cha kutchuka kumeneku, mutu wa magwiridwe antchito ndi makina ogwiritsira ntchito bwino umayamba kufalikira pulogalamu yonse ya msonkhano. Ndi angati mwa masiku awiri a malipoti omwe angapangidwe pakuchita - gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu, magawo awiri pa atatu aliwonse? M'malo ena pali zoletsa zopanga zomwe zimalepheretsa kukula uku: kuwonjezera pa magwiridwe antchito, payenera kukhalabe malo opangira maukonde atsopano, amtundu wina wa devops kapena zakuthambo zakumanga. Ayi, magwiridwe antchito, simudzatidya tonse!

Kapena mutha kupita mosiyana, kusiya ndikuchita moona mtima msonkhano womwe udzakhala wokhudza kugawa makompyuta komanso za iwo okha. Ndipo ndi izi, Hydra.

Tiyeni tivomereze moona mtima kuti masiku ano makompyuta onse ndi njira imodzi kapena ina. Kaya ndi makina amitundu yambiri, gulu la makompyuta, kapena ntchito yaikulu yogawidwa, pali njira zambiri kulikonse zomwe zimapanga mawerengedwe odziimira mofanana, kugwirizanitsa wina ndi mzake. Momwe zimagwirira ntchito m'malingaliro ndi momwe zimagwirira ntchito ndizomwe zimayang'ana kwambiri Hydra.

Pulogalamu ya msonkhano

Pulogalamuyi ikukonzedwa pano. Iyenera kuphatikizapo malipoti ochokera kwa omwe anayambitsa malingaliro a machitidwe ogawidwa ndi mainjiniya omwe akugwira nawo ntchito popanga.

Mwachitsanzo, tikudziwa kale za kutenga nawo gawo kwa Leslie Lamport kuchokera ku Microsoft Research ndi Maurice Herlihy waku Brown University.

Maurice Herlihy - pulofesa wotchuka komanso wolemekezeka wa Computer Science, palinso nkhani ya iye Tsamba la Wikipedia, komwe mungadutse maulalo ndi ntchito. Kumeneko mutha kuwona mphotho ziwiri za Dijkstra, yoyamba kugwira ntchito "Kudikirira Kwaulere", ndipo chachiwiri, chaposachedwa kwambiri - "Transactional Memory: Zomangamanga Zothandizira Zomangamanga Zopanda Lock-Free Data". Mwa njira, maulalowo samatsogolera ku SciHub, koma ku Brown University ndi Virginia Tech University, mutha kutsegula ndikuwerenga.

Maurice achititsa mawu ofunikira otchedwa "Blockchains kuchokera pamawonekedwe apakompyuta". Ngati mukufuna, mungayang'ane pa kujambula kwa lipoti la Maurice kuchokera ku St. Petersburg JUG. Onani mmene akufotokozela nkhaniyo momveka bwino komanso momveka bwino.

Mawu ofunikira achiwiri otchedwa "Dual Data Structures" awerengedwa Michael Scott kuchokera ku yunivesite ya Rochester. Ndipo tangoganizani - nayenso ali ndi zake Tsamba la Wikipedia. Kunyumba ku Wisconsin, amadziwika ndi ntchito yake ngati dean ku yunivesite ya Wisconsin-Madison, ndipo padziko lapansi ndiye munthu yemwe, pamodzi ndi Doug Lea, adapanga ma algorithms osatsekereza ndi mizere yolumikizana yomwe malaibulale a Java amayendetsa. . Analandira Mphotho yake ya Dijkstra patatha zaka zitatu Herlihy, chifukwa cha ntchito yake "Ma algorithms for scalable synchronization on shared-memory multiprocessors" (monga momwe amayembekezera, amagona motsegula pa laibulale yapaintaneti ya University of Rochester).

Pali nthawi yambiri mpaka pakati pa Julayi. Tidzakuuzani za okamba nkhani ena ndi mitu yawo pamene tikukonza pulogalamuyo ndikuyandikira July.

Nthawi zambiri, funso limabuka - chifukwa chiyani timapanga Hydra m'chilimwe? Kupatula apo, ino ndi nthawi yopuma, tchuthi. Vuto ndiloti pali aphunzitsi aku yunivesite pakati pa okamba nkhani, ndipo nthawi ina iliyonse imakhala yotanganidwa kwa iwo. Sitinathe kusankha masiku ena.

Zokambirana

Pamisonkhano ina, zimachitika kuti wokamba nkhaniyo amawerenga zofunikira ndipo nthawi yomweyo anachoka. Otenga nawo mbali alibe nthawi yoti aziyang'ana - pambuyo pake, lipoti lotsatira limayamba pafupifupi popanda kusiyana. Zimapweteka kwambiri, makamaka pamene anthu ofunika monga Lamport, Herlihy ndi Scott alipo ndipo mumapita ku msonkhano kuti mukakumane nawo ndi kukambirana za chinachake.

Tathetsa vutoli. Mwamsanga pambuyo pa lipoti lake, wokamba nkhani amapita kumalo okambitsirana apadera okhala ndi bolodi loyera lokhala ndi cholembera, ndipo mumakhala ndi nthaŵi yochuluka ndithu. Mwamwayi, wokamba nkhaniyo akulonjeza kuti adzakhalapo panthawi yopuma pakati pa malipoti. M'malo mwake, magawo awa amakambirana mwina kutambasula kwa maola kumapeto (malingana ndi chikhumbo ndi kupirira kwa wokamba nkhani).

Ponena za Lamport, ngati ndikumvetsetsa bwino, akufuna kutsimikizira anthu ambiri momwe angathere TLA+ - ichi ndi chinthu chabwino. (Nkhani za TLA+ pa Wikipedia). Mwina uwu ukhala mwayi wabwino kuti mainjiniya aphunzire china chatsopano komanso chothandiza. Leslie amapereka njira iyi - aliyense amene ali ndi chidwi akhoza kuyang'ana maphunziro ake akale ndikubwera ndi mafunso. Ndiye kuti, m'malo mwachidziwitso, pakhoza kukhala, titero, gawo lapadera la Q&A, ndiyeno gawo lina lokambirana. Ndidayang'ana pang'ono ndikupeza yabwino TLA + maphunziro (yolembedwa mwalamulo playlist pa youtube) ndi phunziro la ola limodzi "Kuganiza Pamwamba pa Code" ndi Microsoft Faculty Summit.

Ngati mumaganiza za anthu onsewa ngati mayina oponyedwa mu granite kuchokera ku Wikipedia komanso pamabuku oyambira, ndi nthawi yokumana nawo! Lankhulani ndi kufunsa mafunso omwe masamba a nkhani za sayansi sangayankhe, koma olemba awo adzakhala okondwa kulankhulana.

Pitani ku Mapepala

Si chinsinsi kuti ambiri mwa amene akuŵerenga nkhaniyo tsopano sali onyansidwa kufotokoza nkhani yosangalatsa kwa iwo eni. Kuchokera pamalingaliro aukadaulo, kuchokera kumalingaliro asayansi, kuchokera kumalingaliro aliwonse. Makompyuta ogawidwa ndi mutu waukulu komanso wozama, pomwe pali malo a aliyense.

Ngati mukufuna kusewera limodzi ndi Lamport, ndizotheka. Kuti mukhale wokamba nkhani muyenera tsatirani ulalowu, werengani mosamala zonse zomwe zili pamenepo ndikuzichita motsatira malangizo.

Khalani odekha, mukangolumikizana ndi njirayi, muthandizidwa. Komiti ya pulogalamuyo ili ndi zinthu zokwanira zothandizira lipoti lokha, tanthauzo lake ndi mapangidwe ake. Wogwirizanitsa adzakuthandizani kuthana ndi nkhani za bungwe ndi zina zotero.

Samalani kwambiri chithunzicho ndi masiku. July ndi tsiku lakutali kwambiri kwa otenga nawo mbali, ndipo wokamba nkhani ayenera kuyamba kuchitapo kanthu tsopano.

Sukulu ya SPTDC

Msonkhanowu udzachitikira pamalo omwewo ndi sukulu ya SPTDC, kotero kwa aliyense amene amagula tikiti ya sukulu, matikiti a msonkhano - ndi 20% kuchotsera.

Sukulu ya Chilimwe pa Zochita ndi Chiphunzitso cha Distributed Computing (SPTDС) - sukulu yomwe imapereka maphunziro osiyanasiyana pazinthu zothandiza ndi zongopeka za machitidwe ogawidwa, omwe amaphunzitsidwa ndi akatswiri odziwika bwino m'munda woyenera.

Sukuluyi idzachitika m’Chingelezi, choncho nali mndandanda wa mitu yophunzira:

• Mapangidwe a data nthawi imodzi: kulondola ndi kuchita bwino;
• Ma algorithms a kukumbukira kosasinthika;
• Kugawidwa kwa Ma computability;
• kugawa makina ophunzirira;
• Kubwereza makina a boma ndi Paxos;
• Kulekerera kwa Byzantine;
• Zoyambira za algorithmic za blockchains.

Oyankhula otsatirawa adzakhala akuyankhula:

• Leslie Lamport (Microsoft);
• Maurice Herlihy (Brown University);
• Michael Scott (University of Rochester);
• Dan Alistarh (IST Austria);
• Trevor Brown (University of Waterloo);
• Eli Gafni (UCLA);
• Danny Hendler (Ben Gurion University);
• Achour Mostefaoui (University of Nantes).

playlist ndi malipoti a sukulu yam'mbuyomu zitha kuwonedwa mwaulere pa YouTube:

Masitepe otsatira

Pulogalamu ya msonkhano idakali kupangidwa. Tsatirani nkhani za Habré kapena pamasamba ochezera (fb, vk, Twitter).

Ngati mumakhulupiriradi msonkhano (kapena mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito mtengo wapadera woyambira, monga akunena, "Mbalame Yoyamba") - mukhoza kupita kumalo ndi kugula matikiti.

Tikuwonani ku Hydra!

Source: www.habr.com