Butsev I.V.
[imelo ndiotetezedwa]
Zopangira zamagetsi zamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito Dizilo Dynamic Uninterruptible Power Sources (DDIUPS)
M'chiwonetsero chotsatirachi, wolembayo ayesa kupewa clichés zamalonda ndipo adzadalira zokhazokha. Ma DDIBPs ochokera ku HITEC Power Protection adzafotokozedwa ngati maphunziro oyesedwa.
Chida choyika cha DDIBP
Chipangizo cha DDIBP, kuchokera pamalingaliro a electromechanical, chimawoneka chophweka komanso chodziwikiratu.
Gwero lalikulu la mphamvu ndi Injini ya Dizilo (DE), yokhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira, poganizira momwe kuyikako kumagwirira ntchito, kwanthawi yayitali yopitilira mphamvu yonyamula katundu. Izi, motero, zimayika zofunikira zolimba pa kudalirika kwake, kukonzekera kuyambitsa ndi kukhazikika kwa ntchito. Chifukwa chake, ndizomveka kugwiritsa ntchito ma DD a sitima, omwe ogulitsa amawapakanso kuchokera kuchikasu kupita ku mtundu wake.
Monga chosinthira chosinthika cha mphamvu zamakina kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi ndi kumbuyo, kuyikako kumaphatikizapo jenereta ya injini yokhala ndi mphamvu yopitilira mphamvu yoyikapo kuti ipititse patsogolo, choyambirira, mawonekedwe osinthika a gwero lamagetsi pakanthawi kochepa.
Popeza wopanga amati mphamvu yamagetsi yosasunthika, kuyikako kumakhala ndi chinthu chomwe chimasunga mphamvu pakulemetsa panthawi yakusintha kuchokera kunjira ina kupita ku ina. Cholumikizira cha inertial kapena coupling induction chimakwaniritsa izi. Ndi thupi lalikulu lomwe limayenda mothamanga kwambiri ndipo limapanga mphamvu zamakina. Wopanga amafotokoza chipangizo chake ngati mota ya asynchronous mkati mwa mota ya asynchronous. Iwo. Pali stator, rotor wakunja ndi rotor wamkati. Kuphatikiza apo, rotor yakunja imalumikizidwa mwamphamvu ndi shaft wamba yoyikapo ndipo imazungulira molumikizana ndi shaft ya jenereta. Rotor yamkati imazunguliranso molingana ndi yakunja ndipo kwenikweni ndi chipangizo chosungira. Kuti apereke mphamvu ndi kuyanjana pakati pa zigawozo, ma unit a brush okhala ndi mphete zozembera amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kuonetsetsa kusamutsidwa kwa mphamvu zamakina kuchokera ku mota kupita ku magawo otsala a kukhazikitsa, clutch yopitilira muyeso imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Gawo lofunika kwambiri la kukhazikitsa ndi dongosolo lodzilamulira lokha, lomwe, pofufuza magawo ogwiritsira ntchito magawo amtundu uliwonse, zimakhudza kulamulira kwa kukhazikitsa kwathunthu.
Komanso chinthu chofunika kwambiri cha unsembe ndi riyakitala, atatu gawo kutsamwitsa ndi wokhotakhota wapampopi, opangidwa kuti aphatikizire unsembe mu dongosolo magetsi ndi kulola ndi otetezeka kusintha pakati modes, kuchepetsa equalizing mafunde.
Ndipo potsiriza, wothandiza, koma osati subsystems yachiwiri - mpweya wabwino, mafuta okwanira, kuzirala ndi mpweya utsi.
Njira zogwirira ntchito za kukhazikitsa kwa DDIBP
Ndikuganiza kuti zingakhale zothandiza kufotokoza maiko osiyanasiyana a kukhazikitsa kwa DDIBP:
- ntchito mode WOZIMITSA
Gawo lamakina la kukhazikitsa silikuyenda. Mphamvu zimaperekedwa ku makina owongolera, makina opangira kutentha kwagalimoto, makina oyandama opangira mabatire oyambira, ndi gawo lothandizira mpweya wabwino. Pambuyo preheating, unsembe ndi wokonzeka kuyamba.
- ntchito mode START
Pamene lamulo la START liperekedwa, DD imayamba, yomwe imazungulira rotor yakunja ya galimoto ndi injini-jenereta kudzera pa clutch yodutsa. Pamene injini ikuwotcha, makina ake ozizira amatsegulidwa. Pambuyo pofika kuthamanga kwa ntchito, rotor yamkati ya galimotoyo imayamba kuyendayenda (kulipira). Njira yolipiritsa chipangizo chosungirako imayesedwa mosalunjika ndi momwe ikugwiritsira ntchito. Izi zimatenga mphindi 5-7.
Ngati mphamvu yakunja ikupezeka, zimatenga nthawi kuti zigwirizane komaliza ndi intaneti yakunja ndipo, pamene gawo lokwanira la gawo likupezeka, kukhazikitsidwa kumalumikizidwa kwa izo.
DD imachepetsa kuthamanga kwa kasinthasintha ndikupita kumalo ozizira, omwe amatenga pafupifupi mphindi 10, ndikuyimitsa. The overrunning clutch disengages ndi kusinthasintha kwina kwa kukhazikitsa kumathandizidwa ndi injini-jenereta pamene kulipiritsa zotayika mu accumulator. Kuyikako kuli kokonzeka kupatsa mphamvu katunduyo ndikusintha ku UPS mode.
Popanda magetsi akunja, kuyikako kumakhala kokonzeka kupatsa mphamvu katunduyo ndi zosowa zake kuchokera ku injini-jenereta ndipo akupitiriza kugwira ntchito mu DIESEL mode.
- ntchito mode DIESEL
Munjira iyi, gwero lamphamvu ndi DD. Jenereta ya injini yozungulira ndi mphamvu yolemetsa. Jenereta ya injini monga gwero lamagetsi imakhala ndi kuyankha kwafupipafupi ndipo imakhala ndi inertia yodziwika, kuyankha mochedwa kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kukula kwa katundu. Chifukwa Wopangayo amamaliza kukhazikitsa ndi ntchito yam'madzi ya DD munjira iyi imangokhala ndi nkhokwe zamafuta komanso kuthekera kosunga ulamuliro wotentha wa kukhazikitsa. Munjira iyi, kuthamanga kwa mawu pafupi ndi kukhazikitsa kumapitilira 105 dBA.
- UPS ntchito mode
Munjira iyi, gwero lamphamvu ndi intaneti yakunja. The motor-jenereta, olumikizidwa kudzera riyakitala onse maukonde kunja ndi katundu, ukugwira ntchito mu synchronous compensator mode, kubweza m'malire ena zotakataka chigawo chimodzi cha katundu mphamvu. Nthawi zambiri, kuyika kwa DDIBP kolumikizidwa mndandanda ndi netiweki yakunja, mwa kutanthauzira, kumawonjezera mawonekedwe ake ngati gwero lamagetsi, ndikuwonjezera kutsekereza kofanana kwamkati. Munjira iyi, kuthamanga kwa mawu pafupi ndi kukhazikitsa kuli pafupifupi 100 dBA.
Pakakhala zovuta ndi netiweki yakunja, chipangizocho chimachotsedwapo, lamulo limaperekedwa kuti liyambitse injini ya dizilo ndipo unit imasinthira ku DIESEL mode. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kukhazikitsidwa kwa injini yotenthetsera nthawi zonse kumachitika popanda katundu mpaka liwiro lozungulira la shaft yamoto lipitilira magawo otsala a unsembe ndi kutseka kwa clutch. Nthawi yeniyeni yoyambira ndikufikira kuthamanga kwa DD ndi masekondi 3-5.
- BYPASS ntchito mode
Ngati ndi kotheka, mwachitsanzo, panthawi yokonza, mphamvu yolemetsa imatha kusamutsidwa ku mzere wodutsa mwachindunji kuchokera ku intaneti yakunja. Kusintha kwa mzere wodutsa ndi kumbuyo kumachitika ndi kuphatikizika mu nthawi yoyankhira zida zosinthira, zomwe zimakuthandizani kuti mupewe ngakhale kutaya mphamvu kwakanthawi kochepa chifukwa chonyamula katundu. Dongosolo lowongolera limayesetsa kukhalabe mugawo pakati pa voteji yotulutsa ya DDIBP kukhazikitsa ndi netiweki yakunja. Pankhaniyi, njira yoyendetsera ntchito yokhayokha sikusintha, i.e. ngati DD ikugwira ntchito, ndiye kuti idzapitirizabe kugwira ntchito, kapena kuyika kokha kumayendetsedwa kuchokera ku intaneti yakunja, ndiye kuti idzapitirira.
- ntchito mode STOP
Lamulo la STOP likaperekedwa, mphamvu yonyamula katundu imasinthidwa kupita ku mzere wodutsa, ndipo magetsi ku injini-jenereta ndi chipangizo chosungirako amasokonezedwa. Kuyikako kumapitilira kuzungulira ndi inertia kwakanthawi ndipo kuyimitsa kumapita ku OFF mode.
Zithunzi zolumikizira za DDIBP ndi mawonekedwe ake
Kukhazikitsa kamodzi
Iyi ndi njira yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito palokha DDIBP. Kuyikapo kungakhale ndi zotuluka ziwiri - NB (palibe chopuma, mphamvu yosasunthika) popanda kusokoneza magetsi ndi SB (yopuma pang'ono, mphamvu yotsimikizika) ndi kusokoneza kwanthawi yochepa kwa mphamvu. Chilichonse mwazotulutsa chikhoza kukhala ndi chodutsa chake (onani mkuyu 1.).
Chithunzi 1
Kutulutsa kwa NB nthawi zambiri kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi katundu wovuta kwambiri (IT, mapampu oyendetsa firiji, ma air conditioners olondola), ndipo kutuluka kwa SB ndi katundu umene kusokoneza kwanthawi kochepa kwa magetsi sikuli kofunikira (firiji ozizira). Pofuna kupewa kutayika kwathunthu kwa magetsi ku katundu wovuta, kusintha kwa kuyikapo ndi kuzungulira kwa bypass kumachitika ndi nthawi, ndipo mafunde ozungulira amachepetsedwa kukhala otetezeka chifukwa cha kukana kovuta kwa gawo. Kumangika kwa riyakitala.
Chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kuperekedwa kwa magetsi kuchokera ku DDIBP kupita ku katundu wosagwirizana, i.e. katundu, womwe umadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa kuchuluka kwa ma harmonics mu mawonekedwe owoneka bwino apano. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a ntchito ya synchronous jenereta ndi chithunzi cholumikizira, izi zimabweretsa kusokonekera kwa mawonekedwe amagetsi pamapangidwe a unsembe, komanso kupezeka kwa zigawo za harmonic zomwe zimadyedwa pakali pano pomwe kuyika kumayendetsedwa kuchokera. netiweki yamagetsi yakunja.
Pansipa pali zithunzi za mawonekedwe (onani mkuyu 2) ndi kusanthula kwa harmonic kwa magetsi otulutsa (onani mkuyu 3) pamene akuyendetsedwa kuchokera ku intaneti yakunja. Chigawo chosokoneza cha harmonic chinapitirira 10% ndi katundu wochepetsetsa wosagwirizana ndi mawonekedwe a frequency converter. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kuyikako sikunasinthe ku dizilo, zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti makina olamulira samayang'anira gawo lofunika kwambiri monga coefficient yosokoneza ya harmonic ya mphamvu yamagetsi. Malinga ndi zowonera, kuchuluka kwa kupotoza kwa harmonic sikudalira mphamvu ya katunduyo, koma pa chiŵerengero cha mphamvu za katundu wosagwirizana ndi mzere ndi mzere, ndipo poyesedwa pa ntchito yoyera, yotentha, mawonekedwe a voteji pa kutuluka kwa Kukhazikitsa kuli pafupi kwambiri ndi sinusoidal. Koma izi ndizotalikirana ndi zenizeni, makamaka zikafika pamagetsi opangira zida zamagetsi zomwe zimaphatikizapo otembenuza pafupipafupi, ndi katundu wa IT omwe ali ndi zida zosinthira zomwe sizikhala ndi zida zowongolera mphamvu (PFC).
Chithunzi 2
Chithunzi 3
Pazithunzi izi ndi zotsatila, zochitika zitatu ndizodziwika bwino:
- Kulumikizana kwa Galvanic pakati pa kulowetsa ndi kutulutsa kwa kukhazikitsa.
- Kusalinganika kwa gawo la katundu kuchokera ku zotsatira kumafika pazolowera.
- Kufunika kowonjezera njira zochepetsera ma harmonics apano.
- Zigawo za Harmonic za katundu wamakono ndi kupotoza komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha zodutsamo zimayenda kuchokera ku zotuluka kupita ku zolowetsa.
Dera lofanana
Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo kayendedwe ka magetsi, mayunitsi a DDIBP akhoza kulumikizidwa mofanana, kulumikiza maulendo olowera ndi kutuluka kwa mayunitsi amtundu uliwonse. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, m'pofunika kumvetsetsa kuti unsembe umataya ufulu wake ndipo umakhala mbali ya dongosolo pamene zikhalidwe za synchronism ndi mu-gawo zikukumana; mu fizikiki izi zimatchulidwa m'mawu amodzi - mgwirizano. Kuchokera pamalingaliro othandiza, izi zikutanthauza kuti makhazikitsidwe onse omwe akuphatikizidwa mu dongosololi ayenera kugwira ntchito mofananamo, mwachitsanzo, kusankha ndi ntchito yochepa kuchokera ku DD, ndi kugwira ntchito pang'ono kuchokera ku intaneti yakunja sikuvomerezeka. Pankhaniyi, mzere wodutsa umapangidwa mofanana ndi dongosolo lonse (onani mkuyu 4).
Ndi chiwembu cholumikizira ichi, pali njira ziwiri zowopsa:
- Kulumikiza kuyika kwachiwiri ndi kotsatira ku bus yotulutsa dongosolo ndikusunga mikhalidwe yogwirizana.
- Kuchotsa kuyika kumodzi kuchokera ku basi yotulutsa ndikusunga mikhalidwe yolumikizana mpaka masiwichi otuluka atsegulidwa.
Chithunzi 4
Kutsekedwa kwadzidzidzi kwa kukhazikitsa kamodzi kungayambitse vuto lomwe limayamba kuchepa, koma chipangizo chosinthira chotulutsa sichinatsegulidwe. Pankhaniyi, m'kanthawi kochepa, kusiyana kwa gawo pakati pa kukhazikitsa ndi dongosolo lonselo kumatha kufika pazikhalidwe zadzidzidzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale nthawi yochepa.
Muyeneranso kulabadira katundu kusanja pakati makhazikitsidwe payekha. Pazida zomwe taziwona pano, kusanja kumachitika chifukwa cha kugwa kwa katundu wa jenereta. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake osakhala abwino komanso osagwirizana ndi zochitika zoyika pakati pa kukhazikitsa, kugawa kumakhalanso kosagwirizana. Kuphatikiza apo, ikayandikira kuchuluka kwa katundu, kugawa kumayamba kukhudzidwa ndi zinthu zomwe zimawoneka ngati zazing'ono monga kutalika kwa mizere yolumikizidwa, mfundo zolumikizirana ndi netiweki yogawa makhazikitsidwe ndi katundu, komanso mtundu (kukana kusintha. ) zolumikizana zokha.
Tiyenera kukumbukira nthawi zonse kuti ma DDIBPs ndi zida zosinthira ndi zida zamagetsi zomwe zimakhala ndi mphindi yayikulu ya inertia komanso nthawi zochedwetsa poyankha zochita zowongolera kuchokera kudongosolo lodziwongolera.
Kuzungulira kofanana ndi "medium" voteji yolumikizira
Pankhaniyi, jenereta chikugwirizana ndi riyakitala kudzera thiransifoma ndi yoyenera kusintha chiŵerengero. Choncho, makina opangira magetsi ndi makina osinthika amagwira ntchito pa "average" voltage level, ndipo jenereta imagwira ntchito pa mlingo wa 0.4 kV (onani mkuyu 5).
Chithunzi 5
Pogwiritsa ntchito izi, muyenera kulabadira chikhalidwe cha katundu womaliza ndi chithunzi chake cholumikizira. Iwo. ngati katundu womaliza chikugwirizana ndi sitepe-pansi thiransifoma, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti kulumikiza thiransifoma ku maukonde kotunga n'kutheka kuti limodzi ndi magnetization kusintha ndondomeko pachimake, amenenso kumayambitsa inrush wa mowa panopa ndi, chifukwa chake, kuviika kwamagetsi (onani mkuyu 6).
Zida zovutirapo mwina sizingagwire bwino ntchito panthawiyi.
Osachepera kuyatsa kwapang'onopang'ono kukuthwanima komanso zosinthira ma frequency amotor zimayambikanso.
Chithunzi 6
Kuzungulira ndi "kugawanika" kutulutsa basi
Pofuna kukhathamiritsa kuchuluka kwa makhazikitsidwe mumagetsi, wopanga akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito chiwembu chokhala ndi "kugawanika" basi yotulutsa, momwe makhazikitsidwe ake amafanana pakulowetsa ndi kutulutsa, ndikuyika kulikonse komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi zoposa imodzi. mabasi otuluka. Pachifukwa ichi, chiwerengero cha mizere yodutsa chiyenera kukhala chofanana ndi chiwerengero cha mabasi otuluka (onani mkuyu 7).
Ziyenera kumveka kuti mabasi otuluka sali odziyimira pawokha ndipo amalumikizidwa mwamphamvu wina ndi mnzake kudzera pazida zosinthira pakuyika kulikonse.
Chifukwa chake, mosasamala kanthu za chitsimikiziro cha wopanga, derali limayimira mphamvu imodzi yokhala ndi redundancy yamkati, ngati ili ndi gawo lofananira, lomwe lili ndi zotuluka zingapo zolumikizidwa ndi galvanically.
Chithunzi 7
Apa, monga momwe zinalili m'mbuyomu, ndikofunikira kulabadira osati kungokweza kusungitsa pakati pa kukhazikitsa, koma pakati pa mabasi otulutsa.
Komanso, makasitomala ena amatsutsa mwatsatanetsatane kuperekedwa kwa chakudya "chodetsedwa", i.e. kugwiritsa ntchito cholambalalitsira katundu munjira iliyonse yogwirira ntchito. Ndi njira iyi, mwachitsanzo m'malo opangira deta, vuto (lodzaza) pa imodzi mwa ma spokes limabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa dongosolo ndi kutsekedwa kwathunthu kwa malipiro.
Kuzungulira kwa moyo wa DDIBP ndi momwe zimakhudzira mphamvu zamagetsi zonse
Tisaiwale kuti kuyika kwa DDIBP ndi zida zamagetsi zomwe zimafunikira chidwi, kunena pang'ono, malingaliro aulemu komanso kukonza nthawi ndi nthawi.
Ndondomeko yokonza imaphatikizapo kuchotsa, kutseka, kuyeretsa, kuthira mafuta (kamodzi pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi), komanso kukweza jenereta ku katundu woyesera (kamodzi pachaka). Nthawi zambiri zimatenga masiku awiri abizinesi kuti mugwiritse ntchito imodzi. Ndipo kusakhalapo kwa dera lopangidwa mwapadera lolumikiza jenereta ku katundu woyezetsa kumabweretsa kufunikira kochotsa mphamvu zolipira.
Mwachitsanzo, tiyeni titenge dongosolo losasinthika la 15 parallel operation DDIUPS yolumikizidwa pa "avareji" voteji ku basi "yogawanika" pawiri popanda dera lodzipatulira lolumikiza katundu woyesa.
Ndizidziwitso zoyamba zotere, kuti mugwiritse ntchito dongosolo kwa masiku 30 (!) kalendala m'masiku ena aliwonse, padzakhala kofunikira kutsitsa mphamvu imodzi mwa mabasi otuluka kuti mulumikizane ndi mayeso. Chifukwa chake, kupezeka kwa magetsi onyamula katundu wa imodzi mwa mabasi otulutsa ndi - 0,959, ndipo ngakhale 0,92.
Komanso, kubwerera ku muyezo payload mphamvu magetsi dera adzafunika kuyatsa chiwerengero chofunika masitepe thiransifoma, amene nawonso, adzachititsa angapo voteji kuviika mu lonse (!) dongosolo kugwirizana ndi magnetization kusintha thiransifoma.
Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito DDIBP
Kuchokera pamwambapa, mfundo yosatonthoza imadziwonetsera yokha - pakutulutsa mphamvu zamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito DDIBP, voteji yapamwamba (!) yosasokoneza imakhalapo pamene zinthu zonse zotsatirazi zakwaniritsidwa:
- Kunja kwa magetsi kulibe zovuta zazikulu;
- Kuchulukitsitsa kwadongosolo kumakhala kosalekeza pakapita nthawi, yogwira ntchito komanso yofananira mwachilengedwe (makhalidwe awiri omaliza sagwira ntchito pazida za data center);
- Palibe zosokoneza mu dongosolo chifukwa cha kusintha zinthu zotakataka.
Mwachidule, malangizo otsatirawa akhoza kupangidwa:
- Gawani makina opangira magetsi aukadaulo ndi zida za IT, ndikugawa zotsalirazi m'magawo ang'onoang'ono kuti muchepetse kukopana.
- Kupereka maukonde osiyana kuonetsetsa luso utumiki unsembe umodzi ndi luso kulumikiza kunja mayeso katundu ndi mphamvu wofanana unsembe umodzi. Konzani malo ndi zingwe zothandizira kuti zilumikizidwe pazifukwa izi.
- Yang'anirani nthawi zonse kuchuluka kwa katundu pakati pa mabasi amagetsi, makhazikitsidwe amodzi ndi magawo.
- Pewani kugwiritsa ntchito ma transfoma otsika olumikizidwa ndi zomwe DDIBP imatulutsa.
- Yesani mosamalitsa ndikujambulitsa magwiridwe antchito amagetsi ndi zida zosinthira mphamvu kuti mutenge ziwerengero.
- Kuti mutsimikizire mtundu wamagetsi onyamula katundu, makhazikitsidwe oyesa ndi machitidwe pogwiritsa ntchito katundu wopanda mzere.
- Mukatumiza, sungunulani mabatire oyambira ndikuyesa aliyense payekhapayekha, chifukwa ... Ngakhale kukhalapo kwa omwe amatchedwa ofananitsa ndi gulu loyambira (RSP), chifukwa cha batri imodzi yolakwika, DD ikhoza kusayamba.
- Tengani njira zowonjezera kuti muchepetse katundu wamakono.
- Lembani magawo amawu ndi matenthedwe oyika, zotsatira za mayeso a vibration kuti muyankhe mwachangu pakuwonekera koyamba kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamakina.
- Pewani kutsika kwanthawi yayitali kwa makhazikitsidwe, chitanipo kanthu kuti mugawane zinthu zamagalimoto mofananamo.
- Malizitsani kukhazikitsa ndi masensa ogwedera kuti mupewe ngozi.
- Ngati malo omveka ndi otentha asintha, kugwedezeka kapena fungo lakunja likuwoneka, nthawi yomweyo chotsani kuyimitsa ntchito kuti mufufuze zina.
PS Wolembayo angayamikire mayankho pamutu wa nkhaniyi.
Source: www.habr.com