Timapitiliza kukambirana za njira zowonjezerera chitetezo pamanetiweki. M'nkhaniyi tikambirana za njira zina zotetezera komanso kukonza maukonde otetezedwa opanda zingwe.
Mawu oyamba ku gawo lachiwiri
Munkhani yapita Panali kukambirana za zovuta zachitetezo cha netiweki ya WiFi ndi njira zachindunji zodzitchinjiriza kuti musapezeke mosaloledwa. Njira zodziwikiratu zopewera kuthamangitsidwa kwa magalimoto zidaganiziridwa: kubisa, kubisala pa intaneti ndi kusefa kwa MAC, komanso njira zapadera, mwachitsanzo, kulimbana ndi Rogue AP. Komabe, kuwonjezera pa njira zachindunji zotetezera, palinso zina zosalunjika. Awa ndi matekinoloje omwe samangothandiza kuwongolera kulumikizana bwino, komanso kupititsa patsogolo chitetezo.
Ziwiri zazikulu za maukonde opanda zingwe: kutali contactless kupeza ndi wailesi mpweya monga sing'anga kuwulutsa kwa kufala deta, kumene aliyense wolandila chizindikiro akhoza kumvetsera mpweya, ndi chopatsira aliyense akhoza kutseka maukonde ndi transmissions achabechabe ndi chabe kusokoneza wailesi. Izi, mwa zina, sizikhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pachitetezo chonse cha intaneti yopanda zingwe.
Simudzakhala moyo mwa chitetezo nokha. Tiyenerabe kugwira ntchito mwanjira ina, ndiko kuti, kusinthanitsa deta. Ndipo mbali iyi pali zodandaula zina zambiri za WiFi:
- mipata yophimba ("mawanga oyera");
- kukopa kwa magwero akunja ndi malo ofikira oyandikana nawo wina ndi mnzake.
Chotsatira chake, chifukwa cha zovuta zomwe tafotokozazi, khalidwe la chizindikiro limachepa, kugwirizana kumataya kukhazikika, ndipo kuthamanga kwa deta kumatsika.
Zachidziwikire, mafani a ma network a waya angasangalale kudziwa kuti akamagwiritsa ntchito chingwe komanso, makamaka, kulumikizana kwa fiber-optic, mavuto otere samawonedwa.
Funso likubuka: kodi ndizotheka mwanjira ina kuthetsa nkhanizi popanda kugwiritsa ntchito njira zowopsa monga kulumikizanso anthu onse osakhutira ku netiweki yawaya?
Mavuto onsewa amayambira pati?
Pa nthawi yobadwa kwa ofesi ndi maukonde ena a WiFi, nthawi zambiri amatsatira njira yosavuta: amayika malo amodzi pakati pa ozungulira kuti awonjezere kufalikira. Ngati panalibe mphamvu yazizindikiro yokwanira kumadera akutali, mlongoti wokulitsa unawonjezedwa pamalo ofikira. Nthawi zambiri malo olowera achiwiri adawonjezedwa, mwachitsanzo, kuofesi ya owongolera akutali. Ndizo zonse zomwe zasintha.
Njira imeneyi inali ndi zifukwa zake. Choyamba, kumayambiriro kwa ma intaneti opanda zingwe, zida zawo zinali zodula. Chachiwiri, kuyika malo ofikira ambiri kunatanthauza kukumana ndi mafunso omwe analibe mayankho panthawiyo. Mwachitsanzo, mungakonzekere bwanji kusinthana kwamakasitomala pakati pa mfundo? Kodi mungathane bwanji ndi kusokonezana? Momwe mungachepetsere ndikuwongolera kasamalidwe ka mfundo, mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito zoletsa / zilolezo nthawi imodzi, kuyang'anira, ndi zina zotero. Choncho, zinali zosavuta kutsatira mfundoyi: zipangizo zochepa, zimakhala bwino.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, malo olowera, omwe ali pansi pa denga, amafalitsidwa muzithunzi zozungulira (mochuluka, zozungulira).
Komabe, mawonekedwe a nyumba zomangika samakwanira bwino muzithunzi zozungulira zowulutsira mazizindikiro. Chifukwa chake, m'malo ena chizindikirocho sichimafika, ndipo chiyenera kukulitsidwa, ndipo m'malo ena kuwulutsa kumadutsa mozungulira ndikufikira kwa akunja.
Chithunzi 1. Chitsanzo cha kufalitsa pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo imodzi muofesi.
ndemanga. Uku ndikuyerekeza kovutirapo komwe sikumaganizira zopinga pakufalitsa, komanso momwe chizindikirocho chikuyendera. M'malo mwake, mawonekedwe azithunzi zamitundu yosiyanasiyana amatha kukhala osiyana.
Mkhalidwewu ukhoza kuwongoleredwa pogwiritsa ntchito malo ofikira ambiri.
Choyamba, izi zidzalola kuti zida zotumizira zigawidwe bwino m'chipinda chonsecho.
Kachiwiri, zimakhala zotheka kuchepetsa mlingo wa chizindikiro, kuteteza kuti zisapitirire malire a ofesi kapena malo ena. Pankhaniyi, kuti muwerenge magalimoto opanda zingwe pa intaneti, muyenera kuyandikira pafupi ndi kuzungulira kapena kulowa malire ake. Wowukira amachita chimodzimodzi kuti alowe mu netiweki yawaya yamkati.
Chithunzi 2: Kuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwa malo ofikira kumalola kugawa bwino kwa kufalitsa.
Tiyeni tionenso zithunzi zonse ziwiri. Yoyamba ikuwonetseratu chimodzi mwazovuta zazikulu za intaneti zopanda zingwe - chizindikirocho chikhoza kugwidwa patali.
Mu chithunzi chachiwiri zinthu sizili choncho. Kupeza malo ochulukirapo, kumakhala kogwira mtima kwambiri kudera lakuphimba, ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo mphamvu ya chizindikiro pafupifupi sichimapitirira malire, kunena momveka bwino, kupitirira malire a ofesi, ofesi, nyumba ndi zinthu zina zomwe zingatheke.
Wowukirayo amayenera kuzembera moyandikira mosazindikira kuti agwire chizindikiro chofooka "kuchokera mumsewu" kapena "kuchokera pakhonde" ndi zina zotero. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuyandikira pafupi ndi nyumba ya ofesi, mwachitsanzo, kuyimirira pansi pa mawindo. Kapena yesani kulowa muofesi yokha. Mulimonsemo, izi zimawonjezera chiopsezo chogwidwa pakuwonetsa kanema ndikuzindikiridwa ndi chitetezo. Izi zimachepetsa kwambiri nthawi ya kuukira. Izi sizingatchulidwe kuti "zabwino kwambiri pakubera."
Zachidziwikire, patsalabe "tchimo loyambirira" linanso: maukonde opanda zingwe amawulutsidwa munjira yofikirika yomwe imatha kulandidwa ndi makasitomala onse. Zowonadi, maukonde a WiFi angayerekezedwe ndi Ethernet HUB, pomwe chizindikirocho chimatumizidwa kumadoko onse nthawi imodzi. Pofuna kupewa izi, zida ziwiri zilizonse ziyenera kulumikizana panjira yakeyake, zomwe palibe wina aliyense sayenera kuzisokoneza.
Pano pali chidule cha zovuta zazikulu. Tiyeni tione njira zothetsera mavutowo.
Zothandizira: zachindunji komanso zosalunjika
Monga tanenera kale m'nkhani yapitayi, chitetezo changwiro sichingapezeke mulimonse. Koma mutha kuzipanga kukhala zovuta momwe mungathere kuchita chiwembu, kupangitsa zotsatira zake kukhala zopanda phindu poyerekezera ndi zomwe mwachita.
Conventionally, zida zodzitetezera akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri:
- njira zamakono zotetezera magalimoto monga kubisa kapena kusefa kwa MAC;
- matekinoloje omwe poyamba anali ndi zolinga zina, mwachitsanzo, kuti awonjezere liwiro, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo amapangitsa moyo wa woukira kukhala wovuta kwambiri.
Gulu loyamba linafotokozedwa mu gawo loyamba. Koma tilinso ndi njira zina zosalunjika mu arsenal yathu. Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, kuonjezera chiwerengero cha malo olowera kumakupatsani mwayi wochepetsera mlingo wa chizindikiro ndikupanga yunifolomu ya malo okhudzidwa, ndipo izi zimapangitsa kuti moyo ukhale wovuta kwa woukira.
Chenjezo lina ndikuti kuchulukitsa kuthamanga kwa data kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina zotetezera. Mwachitsanzo, mutha kukhazikitsa kasitomala wa VPN pa laputopu iliyonse ndikusamutsa deta ngakhale mu netiweki yakomweko kudzera pamakina obisika. Izi zidzafuna zinthu zina, kuphatikizapo hardware, koma mlingo wa chitetezo udzawonjezeka kwambiri.
Pansipa timapereka kufotokozera kwaukadaulo womwe ungathe kusintha magwiridwe antchito a netiweki ndikuwonjezera chitetezo chambiri.
Njira zosalunjika zowonjezera chitetezo - zingathandize chiyani?
Kuwongolera kwa Makasitomala
Chiwongolero cha Client Steering chimapangitsa zida zamakasitomala kugwiritsa ntchito gulu la 5GHz poyamba. Ngati njirayi sichipezeka kwa kasitomala, azitha kugwiritsa ntchito 2.4 GHz. Kwa maukonde olowa omwe ali ndi malo ochepa olowera, ntchito zambiri zimachitika mu bandi ya 2.4 GHz. Pa ma frequency a 5 GHz, chiwembu chimodzi chofikira sichikhala chovomerezeka nthawi zambiri. Chowonadi ndi chakuti chizindikiro chokhala ndi ma frequency apamwamba chimadutsa makoma ndikumangirira zopinga zoipitsitsa. Malingaliro anthawi zonse: kuti muwonetsetse kulumikizana kotsimikizika mu bandi ya 5 GHz, ndibwino kuti mugwire ntchito molunjika kuchokera pomwe mungafikire.
M'miyezo yamakono 802.11ac ndi 802.11ax, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa njira, ndizotheka kukhazikitsa malo angapo olowera patali, zomwe zimakuthandizani kuti muchepetse mphamvu popanda kutaya, kapena ngakhale kupeza, kuthamanga kwa data. Zotsatira zake, kugwiritsa ntchito gulu la 5GHz kumapangitsa moyo kukhala wovuta kwa omwe akuwukira, koma kumapangitsa kulumikizana bwino kwamakasitomala omwe angathe kufikako.
Ntchitoyi ikuwonetsedwa:
- pa Nebula ndi NebulaFlex malo ofikira;
- mu ma firewall okhala ndi ntchito yowongolera.
Kuchiritsa Magalimoto
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, ma contours a chipinda chozungulira sichikugwirizana bwino ndi zithunzi zozungulira za malo olowera.
Kuti muthetse vutoli, choyamba, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito chiwerengero choyenera cha malo ofikira, ndipo kachiwiri, kuchepetsa kukopana. Koma ngati mungochepetsa pamanja mphamvu ya ma transmitters, kusokoneza mwachindunji koteroko kungayambitse kusokonekera kwa kulumikizana. Izi zitha kuwoneka makamaka ngati malo amodzi kapena angapo akulephera.
Auto Healing imakupatsani mwayi wosinthira mphamvu mwachangu osataya kudalirika komanso kuthamanga kwa data.
Pogwiritsa ntchito ntchitoyi, wolamulira amayang'ana momwe alili ndi ntchito za malo olowera. Ngati mmodzi wa iwo sagwira ntchito, ndiye kuti oyandikana nawo akulangizidwa kuti awonjezere mphamvu ya chizindikiro kuti adzaze "malo oyera". Pomwe malo ofikirako ayambiranso, malo oyandikana nawo amalangizidwa kuti achepetse mphamvu yazizindikiro kuti achepetse kusokonezana.
Kuyendayenda kwa WiFi kosasunthika
Poyang'ana koyamba, lusoli silingatchulidwe kuti likuwonjezera chitetezo; m'malo mwake, zimapangitsa kuti kasitomala (kuphatikiza wowukira) asinthe pakati pa malo olowera pamaneti omwewo. Koma ngati njira ziwiri kapena zingapo zolowera zikugwiritsidwa ntchito, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti zikugwira ntchito bwino popanda zovuta zosafunikira. Kuonjezera apo, ngati malo olowera ali olemetsa, amalimbana kwambiri ndi ntchito zachitetezo monga kubisa, kuchedwa kwa kusinthana kwa deta ndi zinthu zina zosasangalatsa zimachitika. Pachifukwa ichi, kuyendayenda kosasunthika ndikothandiza kwambiri kugawira katunduyo mosavuta ndikuonetsetsa kuti ntchitoyo isasokonezedwe mumayendedwe otetezedwa.
Kukonza zoyambira zamphamvu zama siginecha zolumikiza ndikudula makasitomala opanda zingwe (Signal Threshold kapena Signal Strength Range)
Pogwiritsa ntchito malo amodzi olowera, ntchitoyi, kwenikweni, ilibe kanthu. Koma malinga ngati mfundo zingapo zoyendetsedwa ndi wolamulira zikugwira ntchito, ndizotheka kukonza kugawa kwamakasitomala pama AP osiyanasiyana. Ndikoyenera kukumbukira kuti ntchito zowongolera malo ofikira zimapezeka m'mizere yambiri ya ma routers kuchokera ku Zyxel: ATP, USG, USG FLEX, VPN, ZyWALL.
Zida zomwe zili pamwambazi zili ndi gawo loletsa kasitomala yemwe walumikizidwa ndi SSID yokhala ndi chizindikiro chofooka. "Zofooka" zikutanthauza kuti chizindikirocho chili pansi pa malo omwe amaikidwa pa wolamulira. Wothandizirayo atachotsedwa, adzatumiza pempho la kafukufuku kuti apeze malo ena olowera.
Mwachitsanzo, kasitomala wolumikizidwa ndi malo olowera ndi chizindikiro pansipa -65dBm, ngati siteshoni ikudula malire ndi -60dBm, pakadali pano malo olowera amachotsa kasitomala ndi mulingo wa siginecha iyi. Wogulayo tsopano akuyamba njira yolumikiziranso ndipo adzalumikizana kale kumalo ena olowera ndi chizindikiro chachikulu kuposa kapena chofanana ndi -60dBm (chizindikiro cha siteshoni).
Izi ndizofunikira mukamagwiritsa ntchito malo ofikira angapo. Izi zimalepheretsa kuti makasitomala ambiri azidziunjikira nthawi imodzi, pomwe malo ena ofikira amakhala opanda pake.
Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kuchepetsa kulumikizana kwa makasitomala omwe ali ndi chizindikiro chofooka, omwe amakhala kunja kwa chipindacho, mwachitsanzo, kuseri kwa khoma muofesi yoyandikana nayo, yomwe imatilolanso kuti tiganizire ntchitoyi ngati njira yosalunjika. wa chitetezo.
Kusintha kwa WiFi 6 ngati njira imodzi yolimbikitsira chitetezo
Takambirana kale za ubwino wa mankhwala achindunji kale m'nkhani yapita. "Zomwe zimateteza ma waya opanda zingwe ndi ma waya. Gawo 1 - Njira zachindunji zachitetezo".
Maukonde a WiFi 6 amapereka kuthamanga kwa data mwachangu. Kumbali imodzi, gulu latsopano la miyezo limakupatsani mwayi wowonjezera liwiro, kumbali ina, mutha kuyikanso malo ofikira pamalo omwewo. Muyezo watsopano umalola mphamvu zochepa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito kufalitsa pa liwiro lapamwamba.
Kuchulukitsa liwiro kusamutsa deta.
Kusintha kwa WiFi 6 kumaphatikizapo kuonjezera liwiro la kusinthanitsa ku 11Gb / s (mtundu wosinthira 1024-QAM, 160 MHz njira). Nthawi yomweyo, zida zatsopano zomwe zimathandizira WiFi 6 zimakhala ndi ntchito yabwino. Chimodzi mwazovuta zazikulu pakukhazikitsa njira zowonjezera zotetezera, monga njira ya VPN kwa wogwiritsa ntchito aliyense, ndikutsika kwa liwiro. Ndi WiFi 6, zidzakhala zosavuta kukhazikitsa njira zowonjezera zotetezera.
BSS Coloring
Tidalemba kale kuti kuphimba kofananirako kumatha kuchepetsa kulowa kwa chizindikiro cha WiFi kupitilira malire. Koma ndi kukula kwina kwa malo olowera, ngakhale kugwiritsa ntchito Auto Healing sikungakhale kokwanira, popeza magalimoto "achilendo" ochokera kumadera oyandikana nawo adzalowabe kumalo olandirira alendo.
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito BSS Coloring, malo ofikira amasiya zilembo zapadera (mitundu) mapaketi ake a data. Izi zimakupatsani mwayi wonyalanyaza kutengera kwa zida zopatsirana zoyandikana nazo (malo ofikira).
Kupititsa patsogolo MU-MIMO
802.11ax ilinso ndi zosintha zofunika paukadaulo wa MU-MIMO (Multi-User - Multiple Input Multiple Output). MU-MIMO imalola malo ofikira kuti azilumikizana ndi zida zingapo nthawi imodzi. Koma muyeso yapitayi, lusoli likhoza kuthandizira magulu a makasitomala anayi pafupipafupi. Izi zinapangitsa kuti kufalitsa kukhale kosavuta, koma osati kulandira. WiFi 6 imagwiritsa ntchito 8x8 ogwiritsa ntchito angapo MIMO potumiza ndi kulandira.
Zindikirani: 802.11ax imawonjezera kukula kwamagulu akumunsi a MU-MIMO, ndikupereka magwiridwe antchito a WiFi network. Multi-user MIMO uplink ndikuwonjezera kwatsopano ku 802.11ax.
OFDMA (Orthogonal frequency-division multiple access)
Njira yatsopanoyi yofikira ndi kuwongolera njira imapangidwa kutengera matekinoloje omwe atsimikiziridwa kale muukadaulo wama cell a LTE.
OFDMA imalola kuti siginecha imodzi itumizidwe pamzere womwewo kapena tchanelo nthawi imodzi popereka nthawi yopatsirana kulikonse ndikugwiritsa ntchito magawo pafupipafupi. Zotsatira zake, sikuti kuthamanga kumangowonjezereka chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito bwino njira, komanso chitetezo chimawonjezeka.
Chidule
Maukonde a WiFi akukhala otetezeka chaka chilichonse. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa matekinoloje amakono kumatithandiza kukonzekera mlingo wovomerezeka wa chitetezo.
Njira zodzitetezera mwachindunji mwanjira ya kubisa kwa magalimoto zadziwonetsa bwino. Musaiwale za njira zowonjezera: kusefa ndi MAC, kubisa ID ya netiweki, Rogue AP Detection (Rogue AP Containment).
Koma palinso njira zosalunjika zomwe zimawongolera magwiridwe antchito a zida zopanda zingwe ndikuwonjezera liwiro la kusinthana kwa data.
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa matekinoloje atsopano kumathandiza kuchepetsa mlingo wa chizindikiro kuchokera ku mfundo, kupangitsa kuti chivundikirocho chikhale chofanana, chomwe chimakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pa thanzi la intaneti yonse yopanda zingwe, kuphatikizapo chitetezo.
Kuganiza bwino kumatanthauza kuti njira zonse ndi zabwino kuwongolera chitetezo: zonse zachindunji ndi zosalunjika. Kuphatikiza uku kumakupatsani mwayi wopangitsa moyo kukhala wovuta momwe mungathere kwa wowukira.
Maulalo othandiza:
- Mawonekedwe a chitetezo cha ma waya opanda zingwe ndi ma waya. Gawo 1 - Miyezo yachindunji yachitetezo
Source: www.habr.com