Packet tracker. Labu : Kukonza njira zoyandama zoyandama

Network topology

ntchito

1. Pangani njira yokhazikika yosasinthika
2. Kuyika njira yoyandama yosasunthika
3. Kuyang'ana kusintha kwa njira yoyandama ngati njira yayikulu ikukanika

Mfundo zambiri

Chifukwa chake, poyambira, mawu ochepa onena za zomwe zimakhazikika, komanso njira yoyandama. Mosiyana ndi mayendedwe osinthika, ma static routing amafunikira kuti mupange nokha njira yopita ku netiweki inayake. Njira yoyandama yoyandama imagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka njira yosunga zobwezeretsera ku netiweki komwe mukupita ngati njira yoyambira yalephera.

Pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha netiweki yathu, "Border Router" pakadali pano yangolumikizana mwachindunji ndi netiweki ya ISP1, ISP2, LAN_1 ndi LAN_2.

Pangani njira yokhazikika yosasinthika

Tisanalankhule za njira yosunga zobwezeretsera, choyamba tiyenera kupanga njira yayikulu. Lolani njira yayikulu yochokera kumalire amalire kudutsa ISP1 kupita pa intaneti, ndipo njira yodutsa ISP2 idzakhala zosunga zobwezeretsera. Kuti muchite izi, pamalire a router mumayendedwe apadziko lonse lapansi, ikani njira yosasinthika:

Edge_Router>en
Edge_Router#conf t
Edge_Router(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s0/0/0 

kumene:

• magawo 32 oyamba a ziro ndi adilesi yolowera;
• 32 bits yachiwiri ya ziro ndi chigoba cha network;
• s0/0/0 ndi mawonekedwe otulutsa a rauta yamalire omwe amalumikizidwa ndi netiweki ya ISP1.

Cholembachi chikunena kuti ngati mapaketi akufika pa router ya malire kuchokera ku LAN_1 kapena LAN_2 maukonde ali ndi adilesi yolowera yomwe mulibe pa tebulo lamayendedwe, adzatumizidwa kudzera pa s0/0/0 mawonekedwe.

Tiyeni tiwone mayendedwe a rauta ya malire ndikutumiza pempho la ping ku seva yapaintaneti kuchokera ku PC-A kapena PC-B:

Tikuwona kuti njira yolowera yosasinthika yawonjezeredwa patebulo lolowera (monga zikuwonekera ndi kulowa kwa S *). Tiyeni tiwone njira yochokera ku PC-A kapena PC-B kupita ku seva yapaintaneti:

Kudumpha koyamba kumachokera ku PC-B kupita ku adilesi ya IP yapanthawi ya rauta ya 192.168.11.1. Kudumpha kwachiwiri kumachokera ku router ya malire kupita ku 10.10.10.1 (ISP1). Kumbukirani, m'tsogolomu tidzafanizira kusintha.

Kuyika njira yoyandama yosasunthika

Choncho, njira yaikulu yosasunthika yamangidwa. Kenako, timapanga, kwenikweni, njira yoyandama yokhazikika kudzera pa netiweki ya ISP2. Njira yopangira njira yoyandama yoyandama ndi yofanana ndi njira yokhazikika yokhazikika, kupatula kuti yoyambayo imatchulanso mtunda wowongolera. Mtunda wowongolera umatanthawuza kuchuluka kwa kudalirika kwa njira. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mtunda wowongolera wa njira yosasunthika ndi yofanana ndi imodzi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ndizofunikira kwambiri pamayendedwe osinthika, momwe mtunda wowongolera ndi wokulirapo nthawi zambiri, kupatula njira zakumaloko - ali nazo zofanana ndi ziro. Chifukwa chake, popanga njira yoyandama yosasunthika, muyenera kufotokozera mtunda wowongolera wopitilira umodzi, mwachitsanzo, 5. Chifukwa chake, njira yoyandamayo sikhala yofunika kwambiri panjira yayikulu, koma panthawi yosapezeka, njira yosasinthika. idzaonedwa kuti ndiyo yaikulu.

Kalembedwe kokhazikitsa njira yoyandama yoyandama ndi motere:

Edge_Router(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s0/0/1 5

kumene:

• 5 - ichi ndi mtengo wa mtunda wotsogolera;
• s0/0/1 ndi mawonekedwe otulutsa a rauta yam'mphepete yolumikizidwa ndi netiweki ya ISP2.

Ine ndikungofuna kunena zimenezo pamene njira yaikulu ikugwira ntchito, njira yoyandama yoyandama sidzawonetsedwa pa tebulo. Kuti tikhutiritse kwambiri, tiyeni tiwonetse zomwe zili patebulo lamayendedwe panthawi yomwe njira yayikulu ili bwino:

Mutha kuwona kuti njira yayikulu yosasinthika yokhala ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wa Serial0/0/0 ikuwonetsedwabe patebulo lolowera ndipo palibe njira zina zosasunthika zomwe zikuwonetsedwa patebulo lolowera.

Kuyang'ana kusintha kwa njira yoyandama ngati njira yayikulu ikukanika

Tsopano zosangalatsa kwambiri: Tiyeni tiyesere kulephera kwa njira yayikulu. Izi zitha kuchitika mwa kuletsa mawonekedwe pamlingo wa mapulogalamu, kapena kungochotsa kulumikizana pakati pa rauta ndi ISP1. Letsani mawonekedwe a Serial0/0/0 panjira yayikulu:

Edge_Router>en
Edge_Router#conf t
Edge_Router(config)#int s0/0/0
Edge_Router(config-if)#shutdown

... ndipo nthawi yomweyo thamangani kukayang'ana pa tebulo:

Pachithunzi pamwambapa, mutha kuwona kuti kulephera kwa njira yayikulu yosasunthika, mawonekedwe amtundu wa Serial0/0/0 adasinthidwa kukhala Serial0/0/1. Pakufufuza koyamba komwe tidathamangira m'mbuyomu, kudumpha kotsatira kuchokera pa rauta ya malire kunali ku adilesi ya IP 10.10.10.1. Tiyeni tifanizire ma hops pokonzanso njira mukamagwiritsa ntchito njira yobwereranso:

Kusintha kuchokera pa router ya malire kupita ku seva ya intaneti tsopano kudzera pa IP adilesi 10.10.10.5 (ISP2).

Zachidziwikire, mayendedwe osasunthika amatha kuwoneka mwa kuwonetsa kasinthidwe ka router komweko:

Edge_Router>en
Edge_Router#show run

Source: www.habr.com