Kutenga kwachiwiri kwa ophunzira a pulogalamu ya masters mu sayansi ya data ndi nzeru zamabizinesi Ozon Masters kwayamba - ndikupangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kusankha kusiya ntchito ndikuyesa mayeso pa intaneti, tidafunsa aphunzitsi a pulogalamuyi pazomwe angayembekezere pophunzira ndikugwira ntchito. ndi data.
Chief Data Scientist NVIDIA ndi mphunzitsi Pavel Klemenkov adalankhula za chifukwa chake akatswiri a masamu ayenera kulemba ma code ndi kuphunzira ku Ozon Masters kwa zaka ziwiri.
- Kodi pali makampani ambiri omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ma data science algorithms?
- Kwenikweni kwambiri. Makampani akuluakulu ambiri omwe ali ndi deta yayikulu akuyamba kugwira nawo ntchito bwino kapena akhala akugwira nawo ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali. Zikuwonekeratu kuti theka la msika limagwiritsa ntchito deta yomwe ingagwirizane ndi spreadsheet ya Excel kapena ikhoza kuwerengedwa pa seva yaikulu, koma sizinganenedwe kuti pali malonda ochepa omwe angagwire ntchito ndi deta.
- Tiuzeni pang'ono za ntchito zomwe sayansi ya data imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
- Mwachitsanzo, pamene tikugwira ntchito ku Rambler, tinali kupanga malonda dongosolo kuti ntchito pa mfundo za RTB (Real Time Bidding) - tinkafunika kumanga zitsanzo zambiri kuti konza kugula malonda kapena Mwachitsanzo, akhoza kulosera Mwina kudina, kutembenuka, ndi zina zotero. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, malonda otsatsa malonda amapanga zambiri: zipika za pempho la malo kwa ogula omwe angathe kutsatsa, zipika za zotsatsa, zipika za kudina - izi ndi makumi a ma terabytes a data patsiku.
Kuphatikiza apo, pazintchito izi tidawona chodabwitsa: mukamapereka zambiri pophunzitsa chitsanzocho, zimakwera kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, pakatha kuchuluka kwa deta, mtundu wa zolosera umasiya kusintha, ndipo kuti mupitilize kulondola, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu wosiyana, njira yosiyana yokonzekera deta, mawonekedwe, ndi zina zotero. Apa tidakweza zambiri ndipo khalidwe linakula.
Izi ndizochitika pomwe akatswiri adayenera, choyamba, kugwira ntchito ndi ma data akulu kuti athe kuyesa, komanso komwe kunali kosatheka kupitilira ndi chitsanzo chaching'ono chomwe chimakwanira mu MacBook yabwino. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, tinkafunikira zitsanzo zogawidwa, chifukwa mwinamwake sakanaphunzitsidwa. Pogwiritsa ntchito masomphenya a makompyuta pakupanga, zitsanzo zoterezi zikukhala zofala kwambiri, popeza zithunzi ndizochuluka kwambiri, komanso kuphunzitsa chitsanzo chachikulu, zithunzi zambiri zimafunika.
Funso limabwera nthawi yomweyo: momwe mungasungire chidziwitso chonsechi, momwe mungachigwiritsire ntchito bwino, momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito ma aligorivimu ophunzirira - cholinga chake ndikuchoka ku masamu oyera kupita ku uinjiniya. Ngakhale simukulemba ma code pakupanga, muyenera kukhala okhoza kugwira ntchito ndi zida za uinjiniya kuti muyesere.
- Kodi njira yopezera ntchito za sayansi ya data yasintha bwanji m'zaka zaposachedwa?
- Deta yayikulu yasiya kukhala hype ndipo yakhala yowona. Ma hard drive ndi otsika mtengo, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ndizotheka kusonkhanitsa deta yonse kuti m'tsogolomu pakhale zokwanira kuyesa malingaliro aliwonse. Zotsatira zake, chidziwitso cha zida zogwirira ntchito ndi data yayikulu chikukula kwambiri, ndipo, chifukwa chake, malo ochulukirachulukira a akatswiri opanga ma data akuwonekera.
Mwachidziwitso changa, zotsatira za ntchito ya wasayansi wa data sizoyesera, koma chinthu chomwe chafika pakupanga. Ndipo kuchokera pamalingaliro awa, kusanachitike kwa hype kuzungulira deta yayikulu, njirayo inali yosavuta: akatswiri anali kuchita nawo maphunziro a makina kuti athetse mavuto enieni, ndipo panalibe mavuto pakubweretsa ma algorithms kupanga.
- Kodi zimatengera chiyani kuti mukhalebe katswiri wofunidwa?
- Tsopano anthu ambiri abwera ku sayansi ya data omwe adaphunzira masamu, chiphunzitso cha makina ophunzirira, ndikuchita nawo mpikisano wosanthula deta, pomwe malo okonzekera amaperekedwa: deta imatsukidwa, ma metrics amafotokozedwa, ndipo palibe zofunikira kuti yankho likhale lopangidwanso komanso lachangu.
Zotsatira zake, anyamata amabwera kudzagwira ntchito osakonzekera zenizeni za bizinesi, ndipo kusiyana kumapangidwa pakati pa ongoyamba kumene ndi opanga odziwa zambiri.
Ndi chitukuko cha zida zomwe zimakulolani kusonkhanitsa chitsanzo chanu kuchokera ku ma modules okonzeka - ndipo Microsoft, Google ndi ena ambiri ali ndi mayankho otere - komanso makina ophunzirira makina, kusiyana kumeneku kudzawonekera kwambiri. M'tsogolomu, ntchitoyi idzafunidwa kwa ofufuza akuluakulu omwe amabwera ndi ma aligorivimu atsopano, ndi ogwira ntchito omwe ali ndi luso laumisiri omwe adzagwiritse ntchito zitsanzo ndi machitidwe odzipangira okha. Maphunziro a Ozon Masters mu uinjiniya wa data adapangidwa kuti azipanga luso laumisiri komanso kuthekera kogwiritsa ntchito makina owerengera pamakina pa data yayikulu. Tikuyesera kuchepetsa kusiyana pakati pa zomwe wasayansi wa data angachite ndi zomwe ayenera kuchita pochita.
- Chifukwa chiyani katswiri wa masamu yemwe ali ndi diploma ayenera kupita kukaphunzira bizinesi?
- Gulu la sayansi ya deta ya ku Russia lazindikira kuti luso ndi zochitika zimasinthidwa mofulumira kukhala ndalama, choncho, mwamsanga katswiri akakhala ndi chidziwitso chothandiza, mtengo wake umayamba kukula mofulumira kwambiri, anthu aluso kwambiri ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri - ndipo izi. ndizoona pakali pano msika wachitukuko.
Gawo lalikulu la ntchito ya wasayansi wa data ndikulowa mu data, kumvetsetsa zomwe zili pamenepo, funsani ndi anthu omwe ali ndi udindo pazamalonda ndikupanga deta iyi - ndikuigwiritsa ntchito pomanga zitsanzo. Kuti muyambe kugwira ntchito ndi data yayikulu, ndikofunikira kwambiri kukhala ndi luso laukadaulo - izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kupewa ngodya zakuthwa, zomwe zilipo zambiri mu sayansi ya data.
Nkhani yodziwika bwino: mudalemba funso mu SQL lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito Hive framework yomwe ikuyenda pa data yayikulu. Pempholi limakonzedwa mu mphindi khumi, poyipa kwambiri - mu ola limodzi kapena awiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri, mukalandira kutsitsa kwa datayi, mumazindikira kuti mwaiwala kuganizira zina kapena zina. Muyenera kutumizanso pempho ndikudikirira mphindi ndi maola awa. Ngati ndinu katswiri wodziwa bwino ntchito, mudzagwiranso ntchito ina, koma, monga momwe zimasonyezera, tili ndi anzeru ochepa, ndipo anthu akungodikira. Chifukwa chake, m'maphunzirowa tikhala ndi nthawi yambiri yogwira ntchito moyenera kuti tilembe mafunso omwe sagwira ntchito kwa maola awiri, koma kwa mphindi zingapo. Luso limeneli limachulukitsa zokolola, komanso phindu la katswiri.
- Kodi Ozon Masters amasiyana bwanji ndi maphunziro ena?
- Ozon Masters amaphunzitsidwa ndi antchito a Ozon, ndipo ntchitozo zimachokera pazochitika zenizeni zamalonda zomwe zimathetsedwa m'makampani. Ndipotu, kuwonjezera pa kusowa luso la uinjiniya, munthu amene anaphunzira sayansi deta ku yunivesite ali ndi vuto lina: ntchito ya bizinesi amapangidwa mu chinenero cha bizinesi, ndipo cholinga chake ndi losavuta: kupeza ndalama zambiri. Ndipo katswiri wa masamu amadziwa bwino momwe angakwaniritsire masamu - koma kupeza chizindikiro chomwe chingagwirizane ndi metric yamabizinesi ndikovuta. Ndipo muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti mukuthetsa vuto labizinesi, ndipo pamodzi ndi bizinesi, pangani ma metric omwe amatha kukonzedwa bwino mwamasamu. Lusoli limapezedwa kudzera muzochitika zenizeni, ndipo amaperekedwa ndi Ozon.
Ndipo ngakhale titanyalanyaza milanduyi, sukuluyi imaphunzitsidwa ndi akatswiri ambiri omwe amathetsa mavuto abizinesi m'makampani enieni. Chotsatira chake, njira yophunzitsira yokha idakali yokhazikika. Osachepera mu maphunziro anga, ndiyesetsa kusintha momwe ndingagwiritsire ntchito zida, njira zomwe zilipo, ndi zina zotero. Pamodzi ndi ophunzira, timvetsetsa kuti ntchito iliyonse ili ndi chida chake, ndipo chida chilichonse chimakhala ndi gawo lake.
- Pulogalamu yotchuka kwambiri yophunzitsira kusanthula deta, ndithudi, ndi ShaD - kusiyana kwake ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
- Zikuwonekeratu kuti ShaD ndi Ozon Masters, kuwonjezera pa ntchito ya maphunziro, amathetsa vuto la komweko la maphunziro a anthu ogwira ntchito. Omaliza maphunziro a SHAD makamaka amalembedwa ku Yandex, koma chogwira ndichakuti Yandex, chifukwa cha kutsimikizika kwake - ndipo ndi yayikulu ndipo idapangidwa pomwe panali zida zochepa zogwirira ntchito ndi data yayikulu - ili ndi zida zake komanso zida zogwirira ntchito ndi data. , kutanthauza kuti muyenera kuwadziwa bwino. Ozon Masters ali ndi uthenga wosiyana - ngati mwaphunzira bwino pulogalamuyi ndipo Ozon kapena imodzi mwa 99% yamakampani ena akukuitanani kuti mugwire ntchito, zidzakhala zosavuta kuti muyambe kupindula bizinesi; luso lomwe linapezedwa monga gawo la Ozon Masters. zidzakhala zokwanira kungoyamba kugwira ntchito.
- Maphunziro kumatenga zaka ziwiri. Chifukwa chiyani muyenera kuthera nthawi yochuluka pa izi?
-Funso labwino. Zimatenga nthawi yayitali, chifukwa potengera zomwe zili ndi kuchuluka kwa aphunzitsi, iyi ndi pulogalamu ya masters yofunikira yomwe imafuna nthawi yochuluka kuti idziwe bwino, kuphatikiza homuweki.
Kuchokera pamalingaliro anga amaphunziro, kuyembekezera kuti wophunzira azikhala maola 2-3 pa sabata pazantchito ndizofala. Choyamba, ntchito zimachitidwa pamagulu ophunzitsira, ndipo gulu lililonse logawana limatanthauza kuti anthu angapo amawagwiritsa ntchito nthawi imodzi. Ndiye kuti, muyenera kudikirira kuti ntchitoyi iyambe kugwira ntchito; zida zina zitha kusankhidwa ndikusamutsidwa pamzere wapamwamba kwambiri. Komano, ntchito iliyonse yokhala ndi deta yayikulu imatenga nthawi yambiri.
Ngati muli ndi mafunso ena okhudza pulogalamuyi, kugwira ntchito ndi data yayikulu kapena luso laukadaulo, Ozon Masters ali ndi tsiku lotseguka pa intaneti Loweruka, Epulo 25 nthawi ya 12:00. Timakumana ndi aphunzitsi ndi ophunzira mu ndi kupitirira .
Source: www.habr.com