Mfundo zazikuluzikulu
- Kwa zaka zingapo tsopano, takhala tikulonjezedwa kuti makompyuta opanda seva adzabweretsa nyengo yatsopano popanda OS yeniyeni yoyendetsera mapulogalamu. Tinauzidwa kuti dongosololi lidzathetsa mavuto ambiri a scalability. Ndipotu zonse ndi zosiyana.
- Ngakhale ambiri amawona opanda seva ngati lingaliro latsopano, mizu yake imatha kubwereranso ku 2006 ndi kubwera kwa Zimki PaaS ndi Google App Engine, zonse zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito zomangamanga zopanda seva.
- Pali zifukwa zinayi zomwe kusintha kwa seva kwayimitsidwa, kuyambira pakuthandizira chilankhulo chochepa mpaka zovuta zogwirira ntchito.
- Serverless computing si ntchito chabe. Ayi konse. Komabe, siziyenera kuganiziridwa kuti ndizolowetsa mwachindunji ma seva. Kwa mapulogalamu ena amatha kukhala chida chothandiza.
Seva yafa, seva ikhale yayitali!
Uku ndiye mfuu yankhondo yakusintha kopanda seva. Kungoyang'ana mwachangu pamakampani osindikizira zaka zingapo zapitazi ndipo ndikosavuta kunena kuti mtundu wa seva wachikhalidwe wamwalira ndipo m'zaka zingapo tonse tikhala tikugwiritsa ntchito zomanga zopanda seva.
Monga aliyense mumakampani akudziwa, komanso monga tafotokozera m'nkhani yathu , izi ndi zolakwika. Ngakhale nkhani zambiri za ubwino , sizinachitike. Pamenepo, kuti kusinthaku kukhoza kufika kumapeto.
Zina mwazolonjeza zamitundu yopanda seva zakwaniritsidwa, koma osati zonse. Osati aliyense.
M'nkhaniyi ndikufuna kuyang'ana zifukwa za chikhalidwe ichi. Chifukwa chiyani kusowa kwa kusinthasintha kwa zitsanzo zopanda ma seva kumakhalabe cholepheretsa kutengera kwawo kwakukulu, ngakhale kuti amakhalabe othandiza pazochitika zenizeni, zodziwika bwino.
Zomwe adepts a serverless computing adalonjeza
Tisanalowe muzovuta zamakompyuta opanda seva, tiyeni tiwone zomwe zimayenera kupereka. anali ambiri ndipo - nthawi zina - olakalaka kwambiri.
Kwa omwe sadziwa mawuwa, nali tanthauzo lachangu. Serverless computing imatanthawuza kamangidwe komwe mapulogalamu (kapena mbali zina za mapulogalamu) amayendera pofunidwa m'malo othamanga omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala kutali. Kuphatikiza apo, machitidwe opanda seva amatha kuchitidwa kunyumba. Kumanga makina osasunthika opanda ma seva kwakhala vuto lalikulu kwa oyang'anira makina ndi makampani a SaaS m'zaka zingapo zapitazi, monga (amati) zomangazi zimapereka maubwino angapo pamtundu "wachikhalidwe" kasitomala-seva:
- Zitsanzo zopanda ma seva sizifuna kuti ogwiritsa ntchito azisunga machitidwe awo kapena kupanga mapulogalamu ogwirizana ndi ma OS enieni. M'malo mwake, opanga amapanga ma code omwe amagawidwa, amawayika pa nsanja yopanda seva, ndikuwona ikuthamanga.
- Zida zomwe zili mumayendedwe opanda seva nthawi zambiri zimaperekedwa ndi miniti (kapena yachiwiri). Izi zikutanthauza kuti makasitomala amangolipira nthawi yomwe amayendetsa ma code. Izi zikufanizira bwino ndi VM yamtambo yachikhalidwe, pomwe makinawo amakhala opanda ntchito nthawi zambiri, koma muyenera kulipira.
- Vuto la scalability linathetsedwanso. Zida zomwe zili mumayendedwe opanda seva zimaperekedwa mwamphamvu kuti dongosololi lizitha kuthana ndi kuchuluka kwadzidzidzi komwe kukufunika.
Mwachidule, zitsanzo zopanda seva zimapereka njira zosinthika, zotsika mtengo, zowonongeka. Nβzodabwitsa kuti sitinaganizire zimenezi mwamsanga.
Kodi ili ndi lingaliro latsopano?
Ndipotu lingalirolo si lachilendo. Lingaliro lololeza ogwiritsa ntchito kulipira kokha nthawi yomwe code ikugwira ntchito yakhalapo kuyambira pomwe idayambitsidwa mu 2006, ndipo pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo Google App Engine anapereka yankho lofanana kwambiri.
M'malo mwake, zomwe timatcha "zopanda seva" ndizakale kuposa matekinoloje ambiri omwe tsopano amatchedwa "cloud native" omwe amaperekanso chimodzimodzi. Monga tawonera, mitundu yopanda seva ndiyongowonjezera mtundu wamalonda wa SaaS womwe wakhalapo kwazaka zambiri.
Ndikoyeneranso kuzindikira kuti zopanda seva si zomanga za FaaS, ngakhale pali kulumikizana pakati pa awiriwa. FaaS kwenikweni ndi gawo la compute-centric la zomangamanga zopanda seva, koma siziyimira dongosolo lonse.
Ndiye mkangano wonsewo ndi chiyani? Eya, momwe kulowera kwa intaneti kukukulirakulira m'maiko omwe akutukuka kumene, kufunikira kwazinthu zamakompyuta kukuchulukiranso nthawi yomweyo. Mwachitsanzo, mayiko ambiri omwe ali ndi magawo azamalonda a e-commerce omwe akuchulukirachulukira alibe zida zamakompyuta zogwiritsira ntchito pamapulatifomu awa. Apa ndipamene nsanja zolipira zopanda seva zimabwera.
Mavuto ndi Mitundu Yopanda Ma seva
Chogwira ndikuti zitsanzo zopanda seva zili ndi ... zovuta. Osandilakwitsa: sindikunena kuti ndizoyipa kapena sizipereka phindu kumakampani ena nthawi zina. Koma zonena zazikulu za "kusintha" -kuti zomanga zopanda seva zidzalowa m'malo mwazomangamanga - sizingachitike.
Ndichifukwa chake.
Thandizo lochepa la zilankhulo zamapulogalamu
Mapulatifomu ambiri opanda seva amangokulolani kuyendetsa mapulogalamu omwe amalembedwa m'zilankhulo zina. Izi zimachepetsa kwambiri kusinthasintha ndi kusinthasintha kwa machitidwewa.
Mapulatifomu opanda seva amawonedwa kuti amathandizira zilankhulo zazikulu kwambiri. AWS Lambda ndi Azure Functions imaperekanso chomangira chogwiritsira ntchito mapulogalamu ndi ntchito m'zilankhulo zosagwiritsidwa ntchito, ngakhale izi nthawi zambiri zimabwera ndi mtengo wogwirira ntchito. Chifukwa chake kwa mabungwe ambiri izi zoletsa nthawi zambiri sizikhala zazikulu. Koma apa pali chinthu. Ubwino umodzi wa zitsanzo zopanda seva uyenera kukhala wodziwika pang'ono, mapulogalamu omwe sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri angagwiritsidwe ntchito motsika mtengo chifukwa mumangolipira nthawi yomwe amathamanga. Ndipo mapulogalamu osadziwika, omwe sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri amalembedwa mu ... zinenero zosadziwika, zosagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri.
Izi zimalepheretsa chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu za mtundu wopanda seva.
Kumanga kwa ogulitsa
Vuto lachiwiri ndi nsanja zopanda seva, kapena momwe akugwiritsidwira ntchito pakali pano, ndikuti nthawi zambiri safanana pamlingo wogwirira ntchito. Palibe kukhazikika pankhani yolemba ntchito, kutumiza ndi kasamalidwe. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kusamuka kuchokera papulatifomu kupita ku ina ndi nthawi yambiri.
Gawo lovuta kwambiri la kusamukira ku chitsanzo chopanda seva si ntchito zowerengera, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimangokhala zidule za code, koma momwe mapulogalamu amalankhulirana ndi machitidwe ogwirizana monga kusungirako zinthu, kasamalidwe ka zidziwitso, ndi mizere. Ntchito zitha kusunthidwa, koma zina zonse sizingathe. Izi ndizosiyana kwenikweni ndi nsanja zotsika mtengo komanso zosinthika zomwe zimalonjezedwa.
Ena amatsutsa kuti mitundu yopanda seva ndi yatsopano ndipo sipanakhalepo nthawi yokhazikika momwe amagwirira ntchito. Koma siatsopano, monga ndanenera pamwambapa, ndipo matekinoloje ena ambiri amtambo, monga zotengera, zakhala zogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chifukwa chakukula komanso kufalikira kwa miyezo yabwino.
Kukonzekera
Kugwiritsa ntchito makompyuta pamapulatifomu opanda seva kumakhala kovuta kuyeza, mwa zina chifukwa ogulitsa amakonda kusunga zidziwitso zachinsinsi. Ambiri amatsutsa kuti zimagwira ntchito pamapulatifomu akutali, opanda ma seva amayenda mwachangu ngati omwe ali pa seva zamkati, kupatulapo zovuta zingapo zosapeΕ΅eka za latency.
Komabe, mfundo zaumwini zimasonyeza zosiyana. Zinthu zomwe sizinayendepo papulatifomu inayake kapena sizinayendepo kwakanthawi zitenga nthawi kuti ziyambike. Izi mwina ndichifukwa choti khodi yawo yasungidwa kumalo osungirako osafikirika, ngakhale - monga ndi zizindikiro - ogulitsa ambiri sangakuuzeni za kusamuka kwa data.
Inde, pali njira zingapo kuzungulira izi. Chimodzi ndicho kukhathamiritsa mawonekedwe amtundu uliwonse wamtambo womwe nsanja yanu yopanda seva ikugwira ntchito, koma izi zikutsutsa zonena kuti nsanjazi ndi "zachangu."
Njira ina ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mapologalamu ofunikira pazantchito akuyendetsedwa pafupipafupi kuti akhale atsopano. Njira yachiwiriyi, ndithudi, ndi yotsutsana ndi zonena kuti nsanja zopanda seva zimakhala zotsika mtengo chifukwa mumangolipira nthawi yomwe mapulogalamu anu akugwira ntchito. Othandizira mtambo adayambitsa njira zatsopano zochepetsera kuzizira kozizira, koma zambiri zimafuna "mulingo umodzi," zomwe zimasokoneza mtengo wapachiyambi wa FaaS.
Vuto loyambira lozizira litha kuthetsedwa pang'ono poyendetsa makina opanda seva m'nyumba, koma izi zimabwera ndi ndalama zake ndipo zimakhalabe njira yabwino kwamagulu omwe ali ndi zida zabwino.
Simungathe kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu onse
Pomaliza, mwina chifukwa chofunikira kwambiri chomwe mamangidwe opanda seva sangalowe m'malo mwanthawi zonse posachedwa: iwo (nthawi zambiri) sangathe kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu onse.
Kunena zowona, sizothandiza pakuwona mtengo. Monolith yanu yopambana mwina siyenera kusinthidwa kukhala magawo khumi ndi awiri olumikizidwa ndi zipata zisanu ndi zitatu, mizere makumi anayi ndi zochitika khumi ndi ziwiri za database. Pachifukwa ichi, serverless ndi yoyenera kwa zatsopano. Pafupifupi palibe ntchito yomwe ilipo (zomangamanga) zomwe zingasamutsidwe. Mukhoza kusamuka, koma muyenera kuyambira pachiyambi.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti nthawi zambiri, mapulatifomu opanda seva amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chothandizira kumbuyo kwa ma seva kuti agwire ntchito zambiri. Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala osiyana kwambiri ndi mitundu ina iwiri ya matekinoloje amtambo - zotengera ndi makina enieni - omwe amapereka njira yokwanira yopangira makompyuta akutali. Izi zikuwonetsa zovuta zina zochoka ku ma microservices kupita ku seva yopanda seva.
Nβzoona kuti zimenezi sizimakhala vuto nthawi zonse. Kutha kugwiritsa ntchito zida zazikulu zamakompyuta nthawi ndi nthawi popanda kugula zida zanu kumatha kubweretsa phindu lenileni kwa mabungwe ambiri. Koma mapulogalamu ena akamakhala pa ma seva amkati ndi ena pamapangidwe amtambo opanda seva, kasamalidwe kamakhala ndi zovuta zina.
Kukhala ndi moyo wautali?
Ngakhale madandaulo onsewa, sindikutsutsana ndi mayankho opanda seva pa se. Moona mtima. Madivelopa amangoyenera kumvetsetsa-makamaka ngati akuyang'ana opanda seva kwa nthawi yoyamba-kuti ukadaulo siwolowa m'malo mwa ma seva. M'malo mwake, onani malangizo athu ndi zothandizira ndi kusankha njira yabwino yogwiritsira ntchito chitsanzocho.
Source: www.habr.com