Chifukwa chiyani mainjiniya samasamala kuwunika kwa mapulogalamu?

Lachisanu labwino nonse! Anzanga, lero tikupitiriza mndandanda wa zofalitsa zoperekedwa ku maphunzirowa "Zochita ndi zida za DevOps", chifukwa makalasi a m’gulu latsopano la maphunzirowa adzayamba kumapeto kwa sabata yamawa. Kotero, tiyeni tiyambe!

Kuwunika ndi basi. Ichi ndi chodziwika bwino. Bweretsani Nagios, yendetsani NRPE pamtundu wakutali, sinthani Nagios pa doko la NRPE TCP 5666 ndipo mukuwunika.

Ndizosavuta sizosangalatsa. Tsopano muli ndi ma metrics oyambira nthawi ya CPU, disk subsystem, RAM, yoperekedwa mwachisawawa ku Nagios ndi NRPE. Koma uku sikuli kwenikweni "kuwunika" motere. Ichi ndi chiyambi chabe.

(Nthawi zambiri amayika PNP4Nagios, RRDtool ndi Thruk, amakhazikitsa zidziwitso mu Slack ndikupita molunjika ku nagiosexchange, koma tiyeni tisiye izi pakadali pano).

Kuyang'anitsitsa bwino ndizovuta kwambiri, muyenera kudziwa zamkati mwa pulogalamu yomwe mukuyang'anira.

Kodi kuyang'anira kumakhala kovuta?

Seva iliyonse, kaya Linux kapena Windows, idzagwira ntchito zina. Apache, Samba, Tomcat, kusungirako mafayilo, LDAP - mautumiki onsewa ndi apadera kapena ocheperako mwanjira imodzi kapena zingapo. Iliyonse ili ndi ntchito yake, mawonekedwe ake. Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zopezera ma metrics, KPIs (zizindikiro zazikulu za magwiridwe antchito), zomwe zimakusangalatsani pamene seva ikulemedwa.

Wolemba chithunzi Luke Chesser pa Unsplash

(Ndikanakonda ma dashboard anga akadakhala a neon blue - akubuula molota -... hmm...)

Pulogalamu iliyonse yomwe imapereka ntchito iyenera kukhala ndi njira yopezera ma metric. Apache ali ndi module mod-status, kuwonetsa tsamba la seva. Nginx ali ndi - stub_status. Tomcat ili ndi JMX kapena mapulogalamu omwe amawonetsa ma metrics ofunikira. MySQL ili ndi lamulo "show global status" etc.
Nanga bwanji opanga sapanga njira zofananira ndi zomwe amapanga?

Kodi ndi omanga okha omwe akuchita izi?

Kusayanjanitsika kwa ma metrics sikumangokhala opanga okha. Ndidagwira ntchito m'makampani omwe adapanga mapulogalamu pogwiritsa ntchito Tomcat ndipo sanapereke ma metric awo, palibe zipika zantchito, kupatula zolemba zolakwika za Tomcat. Madivelopa ena amapanga zipika zambiri zomwe sizitanthauza kanthu kwa woyang'anira dongosolo yemwe alibe mwayi wowerenga nthawi ya 3:15 m'mawa.

Wolemba chithunzi Tim Gouw pa Unsplash

Akatswiri opanga makina omwe amalola kuti zinthu zoterezi zitulutsidwe ayeneranso kukhala ndi udindo pazochitikazo. Opanga makina owerengeka ali ndi nthawi kapena chisamaliro choyesera kuchotsa ma metric atanthauzo kuchokera muzolemba, popanda tanthauzo la ma metrics amenewo komanso kuthekera kowamasulira potengera zomwe akugwiritsa ntchito. Ena samamvetsetsa momwe angapindulire nazo, kupatula "chinachake pakali pano (kapena posachedwapa) cholakwika" zizindikiro.

Kusintha kwamaganizidwe okhudzana ndi kufunikira kwa ma metric kuyenera kuchitika osati pakati pa opanga mapulogalamu, komanso pakati pa akatswiri opanga makina.

Kwa mainjiniya aliwonse omwe amafunikira osati kungoyankha pazochitika zovuta, komanso kuwonetsetsa kuti sizichitika, kusowa kwa ma metric nthawi zambiri kumakhala cholepheretsa kutero.

Komabe, mainjiniya amachitidwe nthawi zambiri sakhala ndi ma code kuti apange ndalama kukampani yawo. Amafunikira opanga otsogola omwe amamvetsetsa kufunikira kwa udindo wa mainjiniya pakuzindikira mavuto, kudziwitsa anthu za momwe amagwirira ntchito, ndi zina zotero.

Izi zimawononga chinthu

Malingaliro a devops amafotokoza mgwirizano pakati pa chitukuko (dev) ndi ntchito (ops) kuganiza. Kampani iliyonse yomwe imati "imachita ma devops" iyenera:

1. kunena zinthu zomwe mwina samachita (ponena za The Princess Bride meme - "Sindikuganiza kuti zikutanthauza zomwe mukuganiza kuti zikutanthauza!")
2. Limbikitsani mtima wofuna kuwongolera zinthu mosalekeza.

Simungathe kusintha chinthu ndikudziwa kuti chasinthidwa ngati simukudziwa momwe chikugwirira ntchito. Simungadziwe momwe mankhwala amagwirira ntchito ngati simukumvetsa momwe zigawo zake zimagwirira ntchito, mautumiki omwe amadalira, mfundo zake zowawa komanso zolepheretsa.
Ngati simuyang'ana zolepheretsa, simungathe kutsata njira ya Five Whys polemba Postmortem. Simungathe kuyika chilichonse pazenera limodzi kuti muwone momwe malonda amagwirira ntchito kapena kudziwa momwe amawonekera "zabwinobwino komanso osangalala."

Shift kumanzere, KUmanzere, NDINATI LEEEE—

Kwa ine, imodzi mwa mfundo zazikulu za Devops ndi "kusintha kumanzere". Kusintha kumanzere munkhaniyi kumatanthauza kusintha zomwe zingatheke (palibe udindo, koma luso lokha) kuti achite zinthu zomwe akatswiri amakasitomala amasamala nazo, monga kupanga ma metric a magwiridwe antchito, kugwiritsa ntchito zipika mwaluso, ndi zina zotero, kumanzere kwa Software Delivery Life Cycle.

Wolemba chithunzi NESA ndi Opanga pa Unsplash

Opanga mapulogalamu ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kudziwa zida zowunikira zomwe kampaniyo imagwiritsa ntchito kuti iwonetsetse m'mitundu yonse, ma metrics, kudula mitengo, kuyang'anira mawonekedwe ake ndipo, chofunikira kwambiri, penyani momwe mankhwala awo amagwirira ntchito popanga. Simungapangitse opanga kuti agwiritse ntchito khama komanso nthawi yowunikira mpaka atha kuwona ma metric ndikusintha momwe amawonekera, momwe eni ake azinthu amaziwonetsera ku CTO pamsonkhano wotsatira, ndi zina.

Mwachidule

1. Sogolerani kavalo wanu kumadzi. Onetsani opanga mapulogalamu kuti apewe mavuto otani, athandizeni kuzindikira ma KPI ndi ma metric oyenerera pakugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kuti pasakhale madandaulo ochepa kuchokera kwa eni ake omwe akukalipiridwa ndi CTO. Abweretseni mu kuwala, modekha ndi modekha. Ngati izi sizikugwira ntchito, perekani ziphuphu, kuwopseza, ndi kuwopseza iwo kapena eni ake kuti agwiritse ntchito kupeza ma metrics kuchokera kumapulogalamu mwachangu momwe mungathere, ndikujambula zithunzizo. Izi zikhala zovuta chifukwa sizidzawonedwa ngati zofunika kwambiri ndipo njira yopangira zinthu idzakhala ndi mapulojekiti ambiri opangira ndalama omwe akudikirira. Chifukwa chake, mufunika nkhani yabizinesi kuti mutsimikizire nthawi ndi ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira chinthucho.
2. Akatswiri opanga makina azigona bwino. Awonetseni kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mndandanda wa "tiyeni titulutse" pachinthu chilichonse chomwe chikutulutsidwa ndi chinthu chabwino. Ndipo kuwonetsetsa kuti mapulogalamu onse omwe akupangidwa ali ndi ma metrics kudzakuthandizani kugona bwino usiku polola opanga kuti awone chomwe chikulakwika ndi kuti. Komabe, njira yoyenera yokwiyitsa ndi kukhumudwitsa aliyense wopanga, mwini malonda, kapena CTO ndikulimbikira ndikukana. Khalidweli lidzakhudza tsiku lotulutsidwa la chinthu chilichonse ngati mudikirira mpaka mphindi yomaliza, ndiye sankhaninso kumanzere ndikuyika izi mu dongosolo lanu la polojekiti posachedwa. Ngati ndi kotheka, pangani njira yanu yopita kumisonkhano yazinthu. Valani masharubu abodza ndikumverera kapena chinachake, sichidzalephera. Nenani nkhawa zanu, sonyezani mapindu omveka bwino, ndi kulalikira.
3. Onetsetsani kuti chitukuko (dev) ndi ntchito (ops) zimamvetsetsa tanthauzo ndi zotsatira za ma metric azinthu zomwe zikuyenda mugawo lofiyira. Osasiya Ops ngati mthandizi yekhayo pazaumoyo wazinthu, onetsetsani kuti opanga nawonso akukhudzidwa (#productsquads).
4. Mitengo ndi chinthu chabwino, koma momwemonso ma metrics. Phatikizani ndipo musalole zipika zanu kukhala zinyalala mu mpira waukulu woyaka moto wopanda pake. Fotokozani ndikuwonetsa opanga chifukwa chake palibe amene angamvetse zipika zawo, awonetseni momwe zimakhalira kuyang'ana zipika zopanda pake pa 3:15 m'mawa.

Wolemba chithunzi Marko Horvat pa Unsplash

Ndizomwezo. Zatsopano zidzatulutsidwa sabata yamawa. Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri zamaphunzirowa, tikukupemphani kuti mubwere Tsiku Lotsegula, zomwe zidzachitika Lolemba. Ndipo tsopano ife mwamwambo tikuyembekezera ndemanga zanu.

Source: www.habr.com