Pankhani ya automation of process in petrochemical industry, stereotype nthawi zambiri imabwera kuti kupanga ndizovuta, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti chilichonse chomwe chingafikidwe chimakhala chokhazikika pamenepo, chifukwa cha machitidwe owongolera. Kwenikweni siziri choncho.
Makampani opanga mafuta a petrochemical ndiwodziwikiratu bwino, koma izi zimakhudzana ndi njira yaukadaulo yaukadaulo, pomwe zodziwikiratu ndi kuchepetsa kwamunthu ndizofunikira. Njira zonse zofananira sizimangokhala zokha chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo kwa njira zowongolera zowongolera ndipo zimachitika pamanja. Chifukwa chake, pakangotha ββββmaola angapo, wogwira ntchito amayang'ana pamanja ngati chitolirocho kapena chitolirocho chatenthedwa bwino, ngati chosinthira chofunikira chikuyatsidwa komanso ngati valavu yachotsedwa, ngati kugwedezeka kwa mayendedwe ndikwabwinobwino - izi ndizabwinobwino. .
Njira zambiri zosafunikira sizingochitika zokha, koma izi zitha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje a Internet of Things m'malo mongowongolera njira.
Tsoka ilo, pali vuto pano - kusiyana kwa kulumikizana pakati pa makasitomala ochokera kumakampani a petrochemical ndi opanga chitsulo okha, omwe alibe makasitomala mumakampani amafuta ndi gasi ndipo, motero, samalandila zidziwitso zokhuza zida zogwiritsira ntchito. m'madera owopsa, ophulika, m'madera ovuta, ndi zina zotero.
Mu positi iyi tikambirana za vutoli ndi momwe tingathetsere.
IoT mu petrochemicals
Kuti tiwone magawo ena, timagwiritsa ntchito njira zoyendera ndi cholinga choyang'ana zowoneka bwino komanso zowoneka bwino za zida zoyika zosafunikira. Imodzi mwa mavuto omwe amafala kwambiri ndi yokhudzana ndi kuperekedwa kwa nthunzi. Nthunzi ndiye choziziritsira panjira zambiri za petrochemical, ndipo imaperekedwa kuchokera ku chotenthetsera kupita kumalo omaliza kudzera pa mapaipi aatali. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mafakitale athu ndi makhazikitsidwe ali m'malo ovuta kwambiri a nyengo, nyengo yachisanu ku Russia ndi yowawa, ndipo nthawi zina mipope imayamba kuzizira.
Choncho, malinga ndi malamulo, antchito ena ayenera kupanga maulendo kamodzi pa ola ndikuyesa kutentha kwa mapaipi. Pakukula kwa mbewu yonse, ichi ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu omwe sachita chilichonse koma kungoyendayenda ndikukhudza mapaipi.
Choyamba, ndizovuta: kutentha kumatha kutsika, ndipo muyenera kuyenda kutali. Kachiwiri, mwanjira iyi sizingatheke kusonkhanitsa ndipo, makamaka, kugwiritsa ntchito deta pa ndondomekoyi. Chachitatu, ndi zokwera mtengo: anthu onsewa ayenera kugwira ntchito zambiri zothandiza. Pomaliza, chinthu chaumunthu: kutentha kumayesedwa molondola bwanji, izi zimachitika pafupipafupi bwanji?
Ndipo ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe oyang'anira mafakitale ndi kukhazikitsa ali ndi nkhawa kwambiri zakuchepetsa kukhudzidwa kwazinthu zamunthu pamachitidwe aukadaulo.
Uwu ndiye phunziro loyamba lothandiza la kugwiritsa ntchito IoT pakupanga.
Chachiwiri ndikuwongolera kugwedezeka. Zida zili ndi ma motors amagetsi, ndipo kuwongolera kugwedezeka kuyenera kuchitika. Pakadali pano, zimachitikanso chimodzimodzi, pamanja - kamodzi patsiku, anthu amayenda mozungulira ndikugwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera kuyeza kuchuluka kwa kugwedezeka kuti atsimikizire kuti zonse zili bwino. Izi ndikuwononganso nthawi ndi chuma cha anthu, komanso chikoka cha anthu pa kulondola ndi kubwerezabwereza kwa maulendo oterowo, koma vuto lofunika kwambiri ndiloti simungathe kugwira ntchito ndi deta yotere, chifukwa palibe deta yokonzekera ndi kukonzanso. ndizosatheka kusunthira patsogolo pakugwiritsa ntchito zida zamphamvu potengera momwe zinthu ziliri.
Ndipo ichi tsopano ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zamakampani - kusintha kuchokera pakukonza chizolowezi kupita ku chisamaliro chokhazikika, ndi bungwe loyenera lomwe zolemba zogwira ntchito komanso zatsatanetsatane za maola ogwiritsira ntchito zida ndikuwongolera zonse zomwe zikuchitika pano zimasungidwa. Mwachitsanzo, ikafika nthawi yoyang'ana mapampu, mumayang'ana magawo awo ndikuwona kuti panthawiyi mpope A wakwanitsa kudziunjikira maola ofunikira a injini kuti agwiritse ntchito, koma mpope B sunafike, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ' ndisanatumizidwebe, ndikuyambika.
Kawirikawiri, zimakhala ngati kusintha mafuta m'galimoto pamtunda uliwonse wa makilomita 15. Wina akhoza kuthamangitsa izi m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, kwa ena zidzatenga chaka, ndipo kwa ena zimatenga nthawi yayitali, kutengera momwe galimoto inayake imagwiritsidwira ntchito mwachangu.
Ndi chimodzimodzi ndi mapampu. Kuphatikiza apo, pali kusintha kwachiwiri komwe kumakhudza kufunikira kosamalira - mbiri yazizindikiro zogwedezeka. Tinene kuti mbiri ya kugwedezeka inali mu dongosolo, mpope nayenso sanagwire ntchito ndi wotchi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti sitiyenera kuigwiritsa ntchito panobe. Ndipo ngati mbiri yakugwedezeka si yachilendo, ndiye kuti pampu yotereyi iyenera kutumizidwa ngakhale popanda maola ogwirira ntchito. Ndipo mosemphanitsa - ndi mbiri yabwino yogwedezeka, timayigwiritsa ntchito ngati maola agwiritsidwa ntchito.
Ngati mungaganizire zonsezi ndikukonza motere, mutha kuchepetsa mtengo wogwiritsa ntchito zida zamphamvu ndi 20 kapena 30 peresenti. Poganizira kukula kwa kupanga, izi ndi ziwerengero zofunika kwambiri, popanda kutayika kwa khalidwe komanso popanda kusokoneza mlingo wa chitetezo. Ndipo iyi ndi nkhani yokonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito IIoT mubizinesi.
Palinso zowerengera zambiri zomwe tsopano zasonkhanitsidwa pamanja ("Ndinapita, ndinayang'ana, ndikulemba"). Ndizothandizanso kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito zonsezi pa intaneti, kuti muwone munthawi yeniyeni zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito komanso momwe. Njirayi idzathandiza kwambiri kuthetsa nkhani yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi: podziwa momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mphamvu zenizeni, mungathe kupereka nthunzi yowonjezereka ku chitoliro A m'mawa, ndi nthunzi yowonjezereka ku chitoliro B madzulo, mwachitsanzo. Kupatula apo, tsopano malo otenthetsera amamangidwa ndi nkhokwe yayikulu kuti apereke molondola zigawo zonse ndi kutentha. Koma simungathe kumanga ndi nkhokwe, koma mwanzeru, kugawa zinthu moyenera.
Ichi ndiye chisankho choyendetsedwa ndi data, pamene zisankho zimapangidwa potengera ntchito yokwanira ndi zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa. Mitambo ndi ma analytics ndizodziwika kwambiri masiku ano; pa Open Innovations chaka chino panali zokamba zambiri za data yayikulu ndi mitambo. Aliyense ali wokonzeka kugwira ntchito ndi deta yaikulu, kuikonza, kuisunga, koma choyamba deta iyenera kusonkhanitsidwa. Pali zokambidwa zochepa pa izi. Pali zoyambira zochepa kwambiri masiku ano.
Mlandu wachitatu wa IoT ndikutsata kwa anthu, mayendedwe ozungulira, ndi zina zambiri. Timagwiritsa ntchito izi kutsata kayendetsedwe ka antchito ndikuwunika malo oletsedwa. Mwachitsanzo, ntchito ina ikuchitika m'dera lomwe palibe alendo ayenera kukhalamo - ndipo n'zotheka kulamulira izi mu nthawi yeniyeni. Kapena woyendetsa ndegeyo adapita kukawona mpope, ndipo wakhala nawo kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo samasuntha - mwinamwake munthuyo wadwala ndipo akusowa thandizo.
Za miyezo
Vuto lina ndikuti palibe ophatikiza omwe ali okonzeka kupanga mayankho a IoT yamakampani. Chifukwa palibe miyezo yokhazikitsidwa m'derali.
Mwachitsanzo, momwe zinthu zilili kunyumba: tili ndi rauta ya wifi, mutha kugula chinthu china chanyumba yanzeru - ketulo, soketi, kamera ya IP kapena mababu owunikira - gwirizanitsani zonse ndi wifi yomwe ilipo, ndipo zonse zigwira ntchito. . Idzagwira ntchito, chifukwa wifi ndiye muyezo womwe zonse zimapangidwira.
Koma m'munda wa zothetsera mabizinesi, milingo ya kuchuluka uku kulibe. Chowonadi ndi chakuti chigawocho chinakhala chotsika mtengo posachedwapa, chomwe chinalola hardware pamtunda wotere kupikisana ndi anthu.
Tikayerekeza zowoneka, manambala adzakhala pafupifupi mulingo wofanana.
Sensa imodzi yoyendetsera makina ogwiritsira ntchito mafakitale imawononga pafupifupi $2000.
Sensa imodzi ya LoRaWAN imawononga ma ruble 3-4 zikwi.
Zaka za 10 zapitazo panali machitidwe owongolera okha, opanda njira zina, LoRaWAN idawonekera zaka 5 zapitazo.
Koma sitingangotenga ndikugwiritsa ntchito masensa a LoRaWAN m'mabizinesi athu onse
Kusankha Technology
Ndi wifi yakunyumba zonse zimamveka bwino, ndi zida zamaofesi zonse zimakhala zofanana.
Palibe milingo yodziwika komanso yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri potengera IoT pamakampani. Pali, zachidziwikire, mulu wamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamafakitale yomwe makampani amadzipangira okha.
Tengani, mwachitsanzo, HART yopanda zingwe, yomwe idapangidwa ndi anyamata ochokera ku Emerson - komanso 2,4 GHz, pafupifupi wifi yemweyo. Dera la kuphimba koteroko kuchokera kumalo kupita kumalo ndi mamita 50-70. Mukawona kuti malo omwe timayika amaposa kukula kwa mabwalo angapo a mpira, zimakhala zachisoni. Ndipo malo oyambira amodzi pankhaniyi amatha kugwiritsa ntchito zida 100 molimba mtima. Ndipo tsopano tikukhazikitsa kukhazikitsa kwatsopano; pazigawo zoyamba pali kale masensa opitilira 400.
Kenako pali NB-IoT (NarrowBand Internet of Things), yoperekedwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito ma cellular. Ndipo kachiwiri, osati kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito popanga - choyamba, ndi okwera mtengo (woyendetsa galimoto amalipira magalimoto), ndipo kachiwiri, amapanga kudalira kwakukulu kwa ogwira ntchito pa telecom. Ngati mukufuna kuyika masensa oterowo m'malo monga bunker, pomwe palibe kulumikizana, ndipo muyenera kuyika zida zowonjezera pamenepo, muyenera kulumikizana ndi woyendetsa, pamalipiro komanso nthawi zosayembekezereka kuti mukwaniritse lamulo loti mutseke. chinthu chokhala ndi netiweki.
Sizingatheke kugwiritsa ntchito wifi yoyera pamasamba. Ngakhale mayendedwe apanyumba ali odzaza ndi 2,4 GHz ndi 5 GHz, ndipo tili ndi malo opanga omwe ali ndi masensa ambiri ndi zida, osati makompyuta angapo ndi mafoni am'manja panyumba iliyonse.
Zoonadi, pali miyezo yaumwini ya khalidwe labwino. Koma izi sizikugwira ntchito tikamanga maukonde ndi zida zambiri zosiyanasiyana, timafunikira muyezo umodzi, osati chinthu chotsekedwa chomwe chingatipangitsenso kudalira wothandizira wina kapena wina.
Chifukwa chake, mgwirizano wa LoRaWAN ukuwoneka ngati yankho labwino kwambiri; ukadaulo ukukula mwachangu ndipo, m'malingaliro mwanga, uli ndi mwayi wokulirapo mpaka muyezo wokwanira. Pambuyo pakukula kwa ma frequency a RU868, tili ndi njira zambiri kuposa ku Europe, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti sitiyenera kuda nkhawa ndi kuchuluka kwa maukonde, zomwe zimapangitsa LoRaWAN kukhala protocol yabwino kwambiri yosonkhanitsira magawo nthawi ndi nthawi, tinene, kamodzi mphindi 10 zilizonse. kapena kamodzi pa ola.
Moyenera, tifunika kulandira zambiri kuchokera ku masensa angapo kamodzi mphindi 10 zilizonse kuti tikhalebe ndi chithunzi choyang'anitsitsa, kusonkhanitsa deta ndikuwunika momwe zida ziliri. Ndipo pa nkhani ya linemen, mafupipafupi awa ndi ofanana ndi ola bwino.
Ndi chiyani chinanso chomwe chikusoweka?
Kusowa kukambirana
Pali kusowa kwa zokambirana pakati pa opanga ma hardware ndi petrochemical kapena mafuta ndi gasi makasitomala. Ndipo zikuwoneka kuti akatswiri a IT amapanga zida zabwino kwambiri kuchokera ku IT, zomwe sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito mochuluka popanga petrochemical.
Mwachitsanzo, chidutswa cha hardware pa LoRaWAN poyeza kutentha kwa mapaipi: anachipachika pa chitoliro, amachimanga ndi chomangira, anapachika gawo la wailesi, anatseka malo olamulira - ndipo ndi zimenezo.
Zida za IT ndizoyenera, koma pali mavuto pamakampani.
Battery 3400 mAh. Inde, sizophweka, apa ndi thionyl chloride, yomwe imapatsa mphamvu yogwira ntchito pa -50 komanso osataya mphamvu. Ngati titumiza zambiri kuchokera ku sensa yotere kamodzi mphindi 10 zilizonse, imakhetsa batire m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Palibe cholakwika ndi njira yothetsera chizolowezi-chotsani sensa, ikani batire yatsopano kwa ma ruble 300 miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.
Nanga bwanji ngati awa ndi masensa masauzande ambiri patsamba lalikulu? Izi zidzatenga nthawi yochuluka. Pochotsa maola a munthu omwe amathera pakuyenda-kudutsa, timapeza nthawi yofanana yosungira dongosolo.
Njira yothetsera vutoli ndiyo kukhazikitsa batire osati ma ruble 300, koma 1000, koma 19 mAh iyenera kusinthidwa kamodzi pazaka 000 zilizonse. Izi nzabwino. Inde, izi zidzawonjezera mtengo wa sensor yokha. Koma makampani amatha kukwanitsa ndipo makampani amafunikiradi.
Palibe amene ali casdev, kotero palibe amene akudziwa za zosowa za makampani.
Ndipo za chinthu chachikulu
Ndipo chofunika kwambiri, zomwe amapunthwa nazo ndi chifukwa cha kusowa kwa zokambirana. Petrochemicals ndi kupanga, ndipo kupanga ndi koopsa, pomwe zochitika za kutayikira kwa gasi wakomweko ndi kupanga mtambo wophulika ndizotheka. Choncho, zipangizo zonse popanda kupatulapo ziyenera kukhala zosaphulika. Ndipo khalani ndi ziphaso zoyenera zoteteza kuphulika molingana ndi muyezo waku Russia TR TS 012/2011.
Madivelopa sakudziwa za izi. Ndipo chitetezo cha kuphulika si chizindikiro chomwe chitha kuwonjezeredwa ku chipangizo chomwe chatsala pang'ono kumaliza, monga ma LED angapo owonjezera. Ndikofunikira kukonzanso zonse kuchokera pa bolodi lokha ndi dera mpaka kutsekemera kwa mawaya.
Chochita
Ndi zophweka - kulankhulana. Ndife okonzeka kukambirana mwachindunji, dzina langa ndi Vasily Ezhov, mwini wa malonda a IoT ku SIBUR, mukhoza kundilembera pano mu uthenga wanu kapena imelo - [imelo ndiotetezedwa]. Tili ndi luso lokonzekera, tidzakuuzani zonse ndikuwonetsani zida zomwe timafunikira komanso chifukwa chake komanso zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa.
Pakali pano tikumanga kale mapulojekiti angapo pa LoRaWAN m'dera lobiriwira (komwe chitetezo cha kuphulika sichiri chovomerezeka kwa ife), tikuyang'ana momwe zilili, komanso ngati LoRaWAN ndi yoyenera kuthetsa mavuto pazigawo zotere. sikelo. Tinkakonda kwambiri pamanetiweki ang'onoang'ono oyesera; tsopano tikumanga maukonde okhala ndi masensa ambiri, pomwe masensa pafupifupi 400 akukonzekera kukhazikitsa kamodzi. Pankhani ya kuchuluka kwa LoRaWAN izi sizochuluka, koma ponena za kachulukidwe ka network ndizochepa kwambiri. Ndiye tiyeni tifufuze.
Paziwonetsero zingapo zapamwamba kwambiri, opanga ma hardware adamva kwa ine kwa nthawi yoyamba za chitetezo cha kuphulika ndi kufunikira kwake.
Kotero ili, choyamba, vuto la kulankhulana lomwe tikufuna kuthetsa. Timakonda kwambiri cusdev, ndiyothandiza komanso yopindulitsa kwa maphwando onse, kasitomala amalandira zida zofunika pazosowa zake, ndipo wopanga samataya nthawi ndikupanga china chake chosafunikira kapena kukonzanso kwathunthu zida zomwe zilipo kuyambira pachiyambi.
Ngati mukuchita kale zofananazo ndipo mwakonzeka kukulitsa gawo lamafuta, gasi ndi petrochemical, ingotilemberani.
Source: www.habr.com