Chifukwa Chake Ndikofunikira Kutsimikizira Mapulogalamu Pamalo Anu Opezeka Kwambiri (99,9999%)

Ndi mtundu uti wa firmware womwe uli "wolondola" komanso "wogwira ntchito"? Ngati makina osungira amatsimikizira kulolerana kwa zolakwika kwa 99,9999%, kodi zikutanthauza kuti idzagwira ntchito mosadodometsedwa ngakhale popanda pulogalamu yamakono? Kapena, m'malo mwake, kuti mupeze kulekerera kwakukulu, muyenera kukhazikitsa firmware yaposachedwa nthawi zonse? Tidzayesa kuyankha mafunsowa potengera zomwe takumana nazo.

Mawu oyamba ochepa

Tonse timamvetsetsa kuti pulogalamu iliyonse, kaya ndi makina ogwiritsira ntchito kapena dalaivala wa chipangizo, nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi zolakwika / nsikidzi ndi "zinthu" zina zomwe "sizimawoneka" mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo wautumiki wa chipangizocho, kapena "kutsegula" pokhapokha pazikhalidwe zina. Chiwerengero ndi kufunikira kwa ma nuances oterowo kumadalira zovuta (ntchito) ya pulogalamuyo komanso kuyesedwa kwabwino pakukula kwake. 

Nthawi zambiri, ogwiritsa ntchito amakhala pa "firmware yochokera kufakitale" (yodziwika bwino "imagwira ntchito, choncho musasokoneze nayo") kapena nthawi zonse muyike mawonekedwe atsopano (pakumvetsetsa kwawo, njira zamakono zimagwira ntchito kwambiri). Timagwiritsa ntchito njira yosiyana - timayang'ana zolemba zotulutsa zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mumtambo wa mClouds zida ndikusankha mosamala fimuweya yoyenera pa chipangizo chilichonse.

Tinafika pa mfundo imeneyi, monga akunena, ndi zokumana nazo. Pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo chathu cha ntchito, tidzakuuzani chifukwa chake kudalirika kwa 99,9999% kudalirika kwa makina osungira sikukutanthauza kanthu ngati simukuwunika mwamsanga zosintha ndi mafotokozedwe a mapulogalamu. Mlandu wathu ndi woyenera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito makina osungira kuchokera kwa ogulitsa aliyense, popeza zinthu zofanana zimatha kuchitika ndi hardware kuchokera kwa wopanga aliyense.

Kusankha Dongosolo Latsopano Losungirako

Kumapeto kwa chaka chatha, njira yosangalatsa yosungiramo deta inawonjezeredwa kuzinthu zathu: chitsanzo chaching'ono kuchokera ku mzere wa IBM FlashSystem 5000, womwe panthawi yogula unkatchedwa Storwize V5010e. Tsopano imagulitsidwa pansi pa dzina la FlashSystem 5010, koma kwenikweni ndi maziko a hardware omwewo ndi Spectrum Virtualize mkati. 

Kukhalapo kwa kasamalidwe kogwirizana ndiko, mwa njira, kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa IBM FlashSystem. Kwa zitsanzo zamagulu ang'onoang'ono, sizosiyana kwenikweni ndi zitsanzo za opambana kwambiri. Kusankha chitsanzo chapadera kumangopereka maziko oyenerera a hardware, makhalidwe omwe amachititsa kuti agwiritse ntchito ntchito imodzi kapena ina kapena kupereka mlingo wapamwamba wa scalability. Pulogalamuyi imazindikiritsa zida ndikupereka zofunikira komanso zokwanira pa nsanja iyi.

IBM FlashSystem 5010

Mwachidule za chitsanzo chathu 5010. Iyi ndi njira yolowera-level-controller block storage system. Itha kukhala ndi ma disks a NLSAS, SAS, SSD. Kuyika kwa NVMe sikupezeka mmenemo, chifukwa chosungirachi chimayikidwa kuti chithetse mavuto omwe safuna kugwira ntchito kwa ma drive a NVMe.

Dongosolo losungirako linagulidwa kuti likhale ndi chidziwitso cha zakale kapena deta yomwe simapezeka kawirikawiri. Choncho, muyezo wa magwiridwe ake anali okwanira kwa ife: Tiering (Easy Tier), Thin Provision. Kuchita kwa ma disks a NLSAS pamlingo wa 1000-2000 IOPS kunalinso kokhutiritsa kwa ife.

Zomwe takumana nazo - momwe sitinasinthire firmware panthawi yake

Tsopano za pulogalamu pomwe palokha. Panthawi yogula, dongosololi linali kale ndi pulogalamu yachikale ya Spectrum Virtualize, yomwe ndi, 8.2.1.3.

Tinaphunzira zofotokozera za firmware ndikukonzekera zosintha 8.2.1.9. Tikadakhala ochita bwino pang'ono, nkhaniyi sikanakhalapo - cholakwikacho sichikadachitika pa firmware yaposachedwa. Komabe, pazifukwa zina, kusinthidwa kwa dongosololi kunaimitsidwa.

Zotsatira zake, kuchedwerako pang'ono kudadzetsa chithunzi chosasangalatsa, monga momwe amafotokozera pa ulalo: https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6172341. 

Inde, mu firmware ya mtunduwo zomwe zimatchedwa APAR (Authorized Program Analysis Report) HU02104 zinali zoyenera. Zikuwoneka motere. Pansi pa katundu, pazifukwa zina, cache imayamba kusefukira, ndiye dongosolo limapita kumalo otetezera, momwe amalepheretsa I / O padziwe. Kwa ife, zinkawoneka ngati kuchotsa ma disks a 3 kwa gulu la RAID mu RAID 6 mode. Kenako, mwayi wopita ku Volumes mu Dziwe ubwezeretsedwa.

Ngati wina sadziwa momwe zimapangidwira komanso kutchula mayina azinthu zomveka bwino pa IBM Spectrum Virtualize, ndifotokoza mwachidule.

Kapangidwe ka yosungirako zinthu zomveka

Ma disks amasonkhanitsidwa m'magulu otchedwa MDisk (Managed Disk). MDisk ikhoza kukhala RAID yapamwamba (0,1,10,5,6) kapena virtualized - DRAID (Distributed RAID). Kugwiritsa ntchito DRAID kumakupatsani mwayi wowonjezera magwiridwe antchito, chifukwa ... Ma disks onse mu gululo adzagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo nthawi yomanganso idzachepetsedwa, chifukwa chakuti midadada ina yokha idzafunika kubwezeretsedwa, osati deta yonse kuchokera ku disk yolephera.

Kugawa kwa data kumatchinga pa disks pogwiritsa ntchito Distributed RAID (DRAID) mu RAID-5 mode.

Ndipo chithunzichi chikuwonetsa malingaliro amomwe kumangidwanso kwa DRAID kumagwirira ntchito pakalephera diski imodzi:

Lingaliro la DRAID kumanganso pomwe diski imodzi yalephera

Kenako, MDisks imodzi kapena zingapo zimapanga zomwe zimatchedwa Dziwe. Mkati mwa dziwe lomwelo, sizovomerezeka kugwiritsa ntchito MDisk yokhala ndi magawo osiyanasiyana a RAID/DRAID pa disks zamtundu womwewo. Sitidzapita mu izi mozama kwambiri, chifukwa ... tikukonzekera kukambirana zimenezi m’nkhani yotsatirayi. Chabwino, kwenikweni, Pool imagawidwa m'ma Volumes, omwe amaperekedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira imodzi kapena ina yofikira kwa omwe ali nawo.

Kotero, ife, chifukwa cha zomwe tafotokoza mu APAR HU02104, chifukwa cha kulephera koyenera kwa ma disks atatu, MDisk inasiya kugwira ntchito, zomwe zinayambitsa kulephera kwa Dziwe ndi Ma Volumes ofanana.

Chifukwa makinawa ndi anzeru kwambiri, amatha kulumikizidwa ku IBM Storage Insights yowunikira pamtambo, yomwe imatumiza zokha pempho lautumiki ku chithandizo cha IBM ngati vuto lichitika. Pulogalamu imapangidwa ndipo akatswiri a IBM amawunikira patali ndikulumikizana ndi wogwiritsa ntchito. 

Chifukwa cha izi, nkhaniyi inathetsedwa mofulumira kwambiri ndipo malingaliro ofulumira analandiridwa kuchokera ku ntchito yothandizira kuti asinthe dongosolo lathu ku firmware yosankhidwa kale 8.2.1.9, yomwe panthawiyo inali itakonzedwa kale. Imatsimikizira lolingana Release Note.

Zotsatira ndi malingaliro athu

Monga mwambi umati: "Zonse zili bwino zomwe zimatha bwino." Vuto mu firmware silinabweretse mavuto akulu - ma seva adabwezeretsedwa posachedwa komanso popanda kutayika kwa data. Makasitomala ena adayenera kuyambitsanso makina enieni, koma nthawi zambiri tinali okonzekera zovuta zina, popeza timasunga zosunga zobwezeretsera tsiku lililonse pazinthu zonse zamakina ndi makina a kasitomala. 

Talandira chitsimikiziro chakuti ngakhale machitidwe odalirika omwe ali ndi 99,9999% omwe akulonjezedwa kupezeka amafunikira chisamaliro ndi kukonza panthawi yake. Kutengera momwe zinthu ziliri, tadzipangira tokha zingapo ndikugawana malingaliro athu:

• Ndikofunikira kuyang'anira kutulutsidwa kwa zosintha, Zolemba Zotulutsa kafukufuku kuti ziwongoleredwe pazovuta zomwe zingakhale zovuta, komanso kukonza zosintha munthawi yake.

  Iyi ndi mfundo ya bungwe komanso yodziwikiratu, yomwe, zikuwoneka, siyenera kuyang'anapo. Komabe, pa “nthambi” imeneyi mukhoza kupunthwa mosavuta. Kwenikweni, inali nthawi iyi yomwe idawonjezera zovuta zomwe tafotokozazi. Samalani kwambiri polemba malamulo osinthidwa ndikuyang'anira kuti akutsatira mosamalitsa. Mfundo iyi ikugwirizana kwambiri ndi lingaliro la "kulanga".

• Nthawi zonse ndi bwino kusunga dongosolo ndi mapulogalamu atsopano. Kuphatikiza apo, yapanoyo si yomwe ili ndi manambala okulirapo, koma ndi yomwe ili ndi tsiku lotulutsidwa mtsogolo. 

  Mwachitsanzo, IBM imasunga mapulogalamu osachepera awiri kuti asungidwe mpaka pano. Pa nthawi yolemba izi, awa ndi 8.2 ndi 8.3. Zosintha za 8.2 zimatuluka kale. Kusintha kofanana kwa 8.3 nthawi zambiri kumatulutsidwa ndikuchedwa pang'ono.

  Kutulutsidwa 8.3 kuli ndi maubwino angapo ogwira ntchito, mwachitsanzo, kuthekera kokulitsa MDisk (mu mawonekedwe a DRAID) powonjezera disk imodzi kapena zingapo zatsopano (gawoli lawonekera kuyambira mtundu wa 8.3.1). Izi ndizochita zoyambira, koma mu 8.2, mwatsoka, palibe chotere.

• Ngati sikutheka kusinthira pazifukwa zina, ndiye kuti pamitundu ina ya pulogalamu ya Spectrum Virtualize isanakhale mitundu 8.2.1.9 ndi 8.3.1.0 (pomwe cholakwika chomwe tafotokoza pamwambapa ndi chofunikira), kuti muchepetse chiwopsezo cha kupezeka kwake, thandizo laukadaulo la IBM limalimbikitsa. kuchepetsa magwiridwe antchito a dziwe, monga momwe tawonetsera pachithunzichi (chithunzichi chinajambulidwa mu mtundu wa Russified wa GUI). Mtengo wa 10000 IOPS ukuwonetsedwa ngati chitsanzo ndipo umasankhidwa molingana ndi mawonekedwe a dongosolo lanu.

Kuchepetsa magwiridwe antchito a IBM

• M'pofunika kuwerengera molondola katundu pa makina osungira ndikupewa kudzaza. Kuti muchite izi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito sizer ya IBM (ngati muli nayo), kapena thandizo la anzanu, kapena zinthu za chipani chachitatu. Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa mbiri yolemetsa pamakina osungira, chifukwa Kuchita kwa MB/s ndi IOPS kumasiyana kwambiri kutengera magawo otsatirawa:

  • mtundu wa ntchito: kuwerenga kapena kulemba,

  • kukula kwa block block,

  • kuchuluka kwa ntchito zowerenga ndi kulemba mumtsinje wonse wa I/O.

  Komanso, kuthamanga kwa ntchito kumakhudzidwa ndi momwe ma block block amawerengedwa: motsatizana kapena mwachisawawa. Mukamagwira ntchito zingapo zopezera deta kumbali yogwiritsira ntchito, pali lingaliro la ntchito zodalira. Ndikoyeneranso kuganizira izi. Zonsezi zingathandize kuona chiwerengero cha deta kuchokera ku ma counters a OS, yosungirako, ma seva / hypervisors, komanso kumvetsetsa kwa machitidwe ogwiritsira ntchito mapulogalamu, DBMSs ndi "ogula" ena a disk resources.

• Ndipo pomaliza, onetsetsani kuti muli ndi zosunga zobwezeretsera mpaka pano ndikugwira ntchito. Dongosolo losunga zobwezeretsera liyenera kukhazikitsidwa kutengera milingo yovomerezeka ya RPO pabizinesiyo, ndipo kuwunika kwanthawi ndi nthawi kwa zosunga zobwezeretsera kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa (ochepa ochepa omwe amagulitsa mapulogalamu osunga zobwezeretsera adatsimikizira zodziwikiratu pazogulitsa zawo) kuti atsimikizire mtengo wovomerezeka wa RTO.

Zikomo powerenga mpaka kumapeto.
Ndife okonzeka kuyankha mafunso ndi ndemanga zanu mu ndemanga. Komanso Tikukupemphani kuti mulembetse ku njira yathu ya telegraph, momwe timagwiritsira ntchito zotsatsa nthawi zonse (kuchotsera pa IaaS ndi zopereka zamakhodi otsatsa mpaka 100% pa VPS), lembani nkhani zosangalatsa ndikulengeza zatsopano pa Habr blog.

Source: www.habr.com