Zinangochitika kuti panthawi yomwe vutoli lidayamba, ndinalibe chidziwitso chokwanira kuti ndiyambe ndikuyambitsa yankho ili ndekha. Kenako ndinayamba Google.
Sindikudziwa kuti nsombayo ndi chiyani, koma kwa nthawi yakhumi ndikukumana ndi mfundo yakuti ngakhale ndichita zonse pang'onopang'ono monga momwe zilili mu phunziroli, kukonzekera malo omwewo monga wolemba, ndiye kuti palibe chomwe chimagwira ntchito. Sindikudziwa kuti chavuta ndi chiyani, koma nditakumananso ndi izi, ndidaganiza zolemba zanga zonse zikachitika. Chimodzi chomwe chidzagwira ntchito.
Malangizo pa intaneti
Zimangochitika kuti intaneti sikuvutika ndi kusowa kwa maupangiri osiyanasiyana, maphunziro, pang'onopang'ono ndi zina zotero. Zinangochitika kuti ndidapatsidwa ntchito yopanga yankho lokonzekera bwino ndikumanga gulu la failover la PostgreSQL, zofunika zazikulu zomwe zinali kusuntha kubwereza kuchokera ku seva ya Master kupita ku zolemba zonse ndi kuperekedwa kokha kwa malo osungira pakachitika seva ya Master. kulephera.
Pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwa matekinoloje omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito adadziwika:
- PostgreSQL ngati DBMS
- ngati clustering solution
- etcd monga zosungirako zogawidwa za Patroni
- HAproxy pokonzekera malo amodzi olowera mapulogalamu pogwiritsa ntchito database
kolowera
Kuti mumvetsere - kupanga gulu la PostgreSQL lomwe likupezeka kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito Patroni, etcd, HAProxy.
Ntchito zonse zidachitika pamakina enieni omwe Debian 10 OS adayikidwa.
etcd
Sindikupangira kukhazikitsa etcd pamakina omwewo pomwe patroni ndi postgresql adzakhalapo, popeza disk load ndi yofunika kwambiri etcd. Koma pazifuno za maphunziro, tidzachita zomwezo.
Tiyeni tiyike etcd.
#!/bin/bash
apt-get update
apt-get install etcdOnjezani zomwe zili ku /etc/default/etcd file
[membala]
ETCD_NAME=datanode1 # dzina lanyumba yamakina anu
ETCD_DATA_DIR=”/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd”
MA Adilesi ONSE A IP AYENERA KUGWIRITSA NTCHITO. LISTER PEER, CLIENT etc AYENERA KUKHALA KU IP ADDRESS OF HOST
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="» # adilesi yagalimoto yanu
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="» # adilesi yagalimoto yanu
[gulu]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="» # adilesi yagalimoto yanu
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER=»datanode1=» # ma adilesi amakina onse omwe ali mgulu la etcd
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="zatsopano"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster-1″
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="» # adilesi yagalimoto yanu
Thamangani lamulo
systemctl restart etcdPostgreSQL 9.6 + patroni
Chinthu choyamba chimene muyenera kuchita ndikukhazikitsa makina atatu enieni kuti muyike mapulogalamu ofunikira pa iwo. Mukayika makinawo, ngati mutsatira maphunziro anga, mutha kuyendetsa script yosavuta iyi yomwe (pafupifupi) idzakuchitirani chilichonse. Imathamanga ngati mizu.
Chonde dziwani kuti script imagwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa PostgreSQL 9.6, izi ndichifukwa cha zofunikira zamkati za kampani yathu. Yankho lake silinayesedwe pamitundu ina ya PostgreSQL.
#!/bin/bash
apt-get install gnupg -y
echo "deb http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt/ buster-pgdg main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
wget --quiet -O - https://www.postgresql.org/media/keys/ACCC4CF8.asc | apt-key add -
apt-get update
apt-get install postgresql-9.6 python3-pip python3-dev libpq-dev -y
systemctl stop postgresql
pip3 install --upgrade pip
pip install psycopg2
pip install patroni[etcd]
echo "
[Unit]
Description=Runners to orchestrate a high-availability PostgreSQL
After=syslog.target network.target
[Service]
Type=simple
User=postgres
Group=postgres
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/patroni /etc/patroni.yml
KillMode=process
TimeoutSec=30
Restart=no
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.targ
" > /etc/systemd/system/patroni.service
mkdir -p /data/patroni
chown postgres:postgres /data/patroni
chmod 700 /data/patroniпо
touch /etc/patroni.ymlKenaka, mu fayilo ya /etc/patroni.yml yomwe mwangopanga kumene, muyenera kuyika zotsatirazi, ndithudi kusintha ma adilesi a IP m'malo onse ku maadiresi omwe mumagwiritsa ntchito.
Samalani ndi ndemanga mu yaml iyi. Sinthani maadiresi kukhala anuanu pamakina aliwonse pagulu.
/etc/patroni.yml
scope: pgsql # должно быть одинаковым на всех нодах
namespace: /cluster/ # должно быть одинаковым на всех нодах
name: postgres1 # должно быть разным на всех нодах
restapi:
listen: 192.168.0.143:8008 # адрес той ноды, в которой находится этот файл
connect_address: 192.168.0.143:8008 # адрес той ноды, в которой находится этот файл
etcd:
hosts: 192.168.0.143:2379,192.168.0.144:2379,192.168.0.145:2379 # перечислите здесь все ваши ноды, в случае если вы устанавливаете etcd на них же
# this section (bootstrap) will be written into Etcd:/<namespace>/<scope>/config after initializing new cluster
# and all other cluster members will use it as a `global configuration`
bootstrap:
dcs:
ttl: 100
loop_wait: 10
retry_timeout: 10
maximum_lag_on_failover: 1048576
postgresql:
use_pg_rewind: true
use_slots: true
parameters:
wal_level: replica
hot_standby: "on"
wal_keep_segments: 5120
max_wal_senders: 5
max_replication_slots: 5
checkpoint_timeout: 30
initdb:
- encoding: UTF8
- data-checksums
- locale: en_US.UTF8
# init pg_hba.conf должен содержать адреса ВСЕХ машин, используемых в кластере
pg_hba:
- host replication postgres ::1/128 md5
- host replication postgres 127.0.0.1/8 md5
- host replication postgres 192.168.0.143/24 md5
- host replication postgres 192.168.0.144/24 md5
- host replication postgres 192.168.0.145/24 md5
- host all all 0.0.0.0/0 md5
users:
admin:
password: admin
options:
- createrole
- createdb
postgresql:
listen: 192.168.0.143:5432 # адрес той ноды, в которой находится этот файл
connect_address: 192.168.0.143:5432 # адрес той ноды, в которой находится этот файл
data_dir: /data/patroni # эту директорию создаст скрипт, описанный выше и установит нужные права
bin_dir: /usr/lib/postgresql/9.6/bin # укажите путь до вашей директории с postgresql
pgpass: /tmp/pgpass
authentication:
replication:
username: postgres
password: postgres
superuser:
username: postgres
password: postgres
create_replica_methods:
basebackup:
checkpoint: 'fast'
parameters:
unix_socket_directories: '.'
tags:
nofailover: false
noloadbalance: false
clonefrom: false
nosync: falseZolembazo ziyenera kuyendetsedwa pamakina onse atatu a masango, ndipo makonzedwe apamwambawa ayeneranso kuikidwa mu fayilo /etc/patroni.yml pamakina onse.
Mukamaliza kuchita izi pamakina onse omwe ali mgululi, yendetsani lamulo lotsatirali pa iliyonse yaiwo
systemctl start patroni
systemctl start postgresqlDikirani pafupifupi masekondi 30, kenako yendetsani lamuloli pamakina otsala mgululi.
HAProxy
Timagwiritsa ntchito HAproxy yodabwitsa kuti tipereke malo amodzi olowera. Seva ya master idzakhalapo nthawi zonse ku adilesi ya makina omwe HAproxy imayikidwa.
Kuti tisapangitse makina okhala ndi HAproxy kulephera kamodzi, tidzakhazikitsa mu chidebe cha Docker; m'tsogolomu ikhoza kukhazikitsidwa mugulu la K8 ndikupanga gulu lathu lolephera kukhala lodalirika kwambiri.
Pangani chikwatu momwe mungasungire mafayilo awiri - Dockerfile ndi haproxy.cfg. Pitani kwa izo.
Dockerfile
FROM ubuntu:latest
RUN apt-get update
&& apt-get install -y haproxy rsyslog
&& rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
RUN mkdir /run/haproxy
COPY haproxy.cfg /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
CMD haproxy -f /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg && tail -F /var/log/haproxy.logSamalani, mizere itatu yomaliza ya fayilo ya haproxy.cfg iyenera kulemba ma adilesi amakina anu. HAproxy idzalumikizana ndi Patroni, pamitu ya HTTP seva yayikulu idzabwerera 200 nthawi zonse, ndipo chofananacho chidzabwerera 503 nthawi zonse.
haproxy.cfg
global
maxconn 100
defaults
log global
mode tcp
retries 2
timeout client 30m
timeout connect 4s
timeout server 30m
timeout check 5s
listen stats
mode http
bind *:7000
stats enable
stats uri /
listen postgres
bind *:5000
option httpchk
http-check expect status 200
default-server inter 3s fall 3 rise 2 on-marked-down shutdown-sessions
server postgresql1 192.168.0.143:5432 maxconn 100 check port 8008
server postgresql2 192.168.0.144:5432 maxconn 100 check port 8008
server postgresql3 192.168.0.145:5432 maxconn 100 check port 8008
Pokhala m'ndandanda yomwe mafayilo athu onse "amanama," tiyeni tikwaniritse motsatizana malamulo onyamula chidebecho, ndikuyambitsanso ndikutumiza madoko ofunikira:
docker build -t my-haproxy .
docker run -d -p5000:5000 -p7000:7000 my-haproxy Tsopano, potsegula adilesi yamakina anu ndi HAproxy mu msakatuli ndikutchula doko 7000, mudzawona ziwerengero pagulu lanu.
Seva yomwe ili mbuye idzakhala mu UP state, ndipo zofananirazo zidzakhala m'chigawo cha PASI. Izi ndizabwinobwino, kwenikweni amagwira ntchito, koma amawoneka motere chifukwa amabwezera 503 pazopempha kuchokera ku HAproxy. Izi zimatithandiza kudziwa nthawi zonse kuti ndi ma seva atatu ati omwe ali mbuye wapano.
Pomaliza
Ndiwe wokongola! M'mphindi 30 zokha mwatumiza gulu labwino kwambiri lololera zolakwika komanso lochita bwino kwambiri lomwe lili ndi kubwerezabwereza komanso kubwereza kobwereza. Ngati mukukonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito yankho ili, onani , makamaka ndi gawo lake lokhudza zofunikira za patronictl, zomwe zimapereka mwayi wowongolera gulu lanu.
Zabwino zonse!
Source: www.habr.com