Nkhaniyi ifotokoza za mavuto okonzekera ma network m'njira zachikhalidwe komanso njira zothetsera mavuto omwewo pogwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje amtambo.
Kuti muwone. Nebula ndi malo amtambo a SaaS kuti asungidwe patali. Zida zonse zoyendetsedwa ndi Nebula zimayendetsedwa kuchokera pamtambo kudzera pa intaneti yotetezeka. Mutha kuyang'anira ma network akuluakulu ogawidwa kuchokera ku malo amodzi osagwiritsa ntchito kuyesetsa kuti mupange.
Nchifukwa chiyani mukufunikira ntchito ina yamtambo?
Vuto lalikulu mukamagwira ntchito ndi maukonde opangira ma netiweki sikupanga maukonde ndikugula zida, kapena kuziyika mu rack, koma china chilichonse chomwe chiyenera kuchitidwa ndi netiweki iyi m'tsogolomu.
Network yatsopano - nkhawa zakale
Mukayika node yatsopano ya netiweki mutatha kuyika ndikulumikiza zida, kasinthidwe koyambirira kumayamba. Kuchokera pamalingaliro a "mabwana akulu" - palibe chovuta: "Timatenga zolemba zogwirira ntchito ndikuyamba kukhazikitsa ..." Izi zimanenedwa bwino pamene zinthu zonse zapaintaneti zili pamalo amodzi a data. Ngati amwazikana munthambi, mutu wopereka mwayi wakutali umayamba. Ndilo bwalo loyipa kwambiri: kuti mupeze mwayi wakutali pamaneti, muyenera kukonza zida zapaintaneti, ndipo chifukwa cha izi muyenera kulumikizana ndi netiweki ...
Tiyenera kubwera ndi njira zosiyanasiyana kuti tituluke mumkhalidwe womwe tafotokozawu. Mwachitsanzo, laputopu yokhala ndi intaneti kudzera pa modemu ya USB 4G imalumikizidwa kudzera pa chingwe cha patch ku netiweki yachizolowezi. Makasitomala a VPN amaikidwa pa laputopu iyi, ndipo kudzera mwa iyo woyang'anira netiweki kuchokera ku likulu amayesa kupeza mwayi wolumikizana ndi netiweki yanthambi. Chiwembucho sichowonekera kwambiri - ngakhale mutabweretsa laputopu yokhala ndi VPN yokonzedweratu kumalo akutali ndikufunsa kuti muyatse, sizowona kuti zonse zidzagwira ntchito nthawi yoyamba. Makamaka ngati tikukamba za dera losiyana ndi wothandizira wina.
Zikuoneka kuti njira yodalirika kwambiri ndi kukhala ndi katswiri wabwino "kumapeto ena a mzere" yemwe angathe kukonza gawo lake molingana ndi polojekitiyo. Ngati palibe chinthu choterocho mwa ogwira ntchito panthambi, zosankha zimakhalabe: kaya kugulitsa kunja kapena kuyenda bizinesi.
Timafunikiranso njira yowunikira. Iyenera kukhazikitsidwa, kukonzedwa, kusungidwa (osachepera kuwunika malo a disk ndikupanga zosunga zobwezeretsera nthawi zonse). Ndipo zomwe sizimadziwa chilichonse chokhudza zida zathu mpaka tinene. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kulembetsa zoikamo za zida zonse ndikuwunika nthawi zonse kufunikira kwa zolembazo.
Ndibwino pamene ogwira ntchito ali ndi "orchestra ya munthu mmodzi", yomwe, kuwonjezera pa chidziwitso chapadera cha woyang'anira maukonde, amadziwa momwe angagwiritsire ntchito ndi Zabbix kapena dongosolo lina lofanana. Kupanda kutero, timalemba ganyu munthu wina wogwira ntchito kapena kunja.
Zindikirani: Zolakwitsa zomvetsa chisoni kwambiri zimayamba ndi mawu akuti: "Kodi pali chiyani chokonzekera Zabbix iyi (Nagios, OpenView, etc.)? Ndizitenga mwachangu ndipo zakonzeka! "
Kuyambira kukhazikitsa mpaka kugwira ntchito
Tiyeni tione chitsanzo chapadera.
Uthenga wa alamu unalandiridwa wosonyeza kuti malo ofikira a WiFi penapake sakuyankha.
Ali kuti?
Inde, woyang'anira maukonde wabwino ali ndi bukhu lake laumwini momwe zonse zimalembedwera. Mafunso amayamba pamene chidziwitsochi chiyenera kugawidwa. Mwachitsanzo, muyenera kutumiza mesenjala mwachangu kuti akonze zinthu nthawi yomweyo, ndipo chifukwa cha izi muyenera kutulutsa zinthu monga: "Malo olowera pabizinesi pa Stroiteley Street, nyumba 1, pa 3rd floor, chipinda No. 301 pafupi ndi khomo lakumaso pansi padenga."
Tinene kuti tili ndi mwayi ndipo malo olowera amathandizidwa kudzera pa PoE, ndipo chosinthira chimalola kuti chiyambitsidwenso kutali. Simufunikanso kuyenda, koma muyenera kupeza kutali kuti musinthe. Zomwe zatsala ndikukonza kutumiza kwa doko kudzera pa PAT pa rauta, dziwani VLAN yolumikizira kuchokera kunja, ndi zina zotero. Ndi bwino ngati zonse zakhazikitsidwa pasadakhale. Ntchitoyo singakhale yovuta, koma iyenera kuchitidwa.
Choncho, malo ogulitsira zakudya anayambikanso. sizinathandize?
Tinene kuti chinachake chalakwika mu hardware. Tsopano tikuyang'ana zambiri za chitsimikiziro, kuyambika ndi zina zambiri zosangalatsa.
Kulankhula za WiFi. Kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu wakunyumba wa WPA2-PSK, womwe uli ndi kiyi imodzi pazida zonse, sikuvomerezeka m'malo amakampani. Choyamba, kiyi imodzi ya aliyense imakhala yosatetezeka, ndipo kachiwiri, wogwira ntchito m'modzi akachoka, muyenera kusintha kiyi wambayi ndikukonzanso zosintha pazida zonse za ogwiritsa ntchito. Kuti mupewe zovuta zotere, pali WPA2-Enterprise yokhala ndi kutsimikizika kwamunthu aliyense wogwiritsa ntchito. Koma pa izi mukufunikira seva ya RADIUS - gawo lina lachitukuko lomwe liyenera kuyendetsedwa, zosunga zobwezeretsera, ndi zina zotero.
Chonde dziwani kuti pagawo lililonse, kaya kukhazikitsa kapena kugwiritsa ntchito, tidagwiritsa ntchito njira zothandizira. Izi zikuphatikiza laputopu yokhala ndi intaneti "ya chipani chachitatu", makina owunikira, malo osungira zida, ndi RADIUS ngati njira yotsimikizira. Kuphatikiza pazida zama netiweki, muyeneranso kusunga mautumiki a chipani chachitatu.
Zikatero, mutha kumva malangizo akuti: "Perekani kumtambo ndipo musavutike." Ndithudi pali mtambo wa Zabbix, mwinamwake pali mtambo wa RADIUS kwinakwake, komanso ngakhale mtambo wamtambo kuti ukhalebe mndandanda wa zipangizo. Vuto ndiloti izi sizikufunika padera, koma "mu botolo limodzi." Ndipo komabe, mafunso amadzuka okhudza kulinganiza mwayi wofikira, kuyika zida zoyambira, chitetezo, ndi zina zambiri.
Kodi zimawoneka bwanji mukamagwiritsa ntchito Nebula?
Zoonadi, poyamba "mtambo" sadziwa kanthu za mapulani athu kapena zida zogulidwa.
Choyamba, mbiri ya bungwe imapangidwa. Ndiko kuti, zomangamanga zonse: likulu ndi nthambi zimayamba kulembedwa mumtambo. Tsatanetsatane wafotokozedwa ndipo maakaunti amapangidwa kuti agawidwe aulamuliro.
Mutha kulembetsa zida zanu pamtambo m'njira ziwiri: zachikale - kungolowetsa nambala yolembera polemba fomu yapaintaneti kapena kusanthula nambala ya QR pogwiritsa ntchito foni yam'manja. Zonse zomwe mukufunikira pa njira yachiwiri ndi foni yamakono yokhala ndi kamera ndi intaneti, kuphatikizapo kudzera mwa wothandizira mafoni.
Zachidziwikire, zofunikira zosungira zidziwitso, zowerengera ndi zoikamo, zimaperekedwa ndi Zyxel Nebula.
Chithunzi 1. Lipoti la chitetezo cha Nebula Control Center.
Nanga bwanji kukhazikitsa mwayi wofikira? Kutsegula madoko, kutumiza magalimoto kudzera pachipata chomwe chikubwera, zonse zomwe oyang'anira chitetezo amazitcha mwachikondi "kutola mabowo"? Mwamwayi, simuyenera kuchita zonsezi. Zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito Nebula zimakhazikitsa kulumikizana komwe kumatuluka. Ndipo woyang'anira amagwirizanitsa osati ku chipangizo chosiyana, koma kumtambo kuti akonze. Nebula imayimira pakati pa maulaliki awiri: ku chipangizo ndi kompyuta ya woyang'anira maukonde. Izi zikutanthauza kuti gawo loyimbira woyang'anira wobwera litha kuchepetsedwa kapena kudumphidwa palimodzi. Ndipo palibe "mabowo" owonjezera mu firewall.
Nanga bwanji seva ya RADUIS? Kupatula apo, mtundu wina wa kutsimikizika wapakati ukufunika!
Ndipo ntchitozi zimatengedwanso ndi Nebula. Kutsimikizika kwa maakaunti kuti mupeze zida kumachitika kudzera mu database yotetezedwa. Izi zimathandizira kwambiri kugawa kapena kuchotsedwa kwaufulu wowongolera dongosolo. Tiyenera kusamutsa maufulu - kupanga wogwiritsa ntchito ndikugawa gawo. Tiyenera kuchotsa ufulu - timachita njira zosinthira.
Payokha, ndikofunikira kutchula WPA2-Enterprise, yomwe imafuna ntchito yotsimikizira yosiyana. Zyxel Nebula ili ndi analogi yake - DPPSK, yomwe imakupatsani mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito WPA2-PSK ndi kiyi payekha kwa wogwiritsa ntchito aliyense.
Mafunso "osavuta".
Pansipa tiyesa kupereka mayankho ku mafunso ovuta kwambiri omwe amafunsidwa nthawi zambiri akalowa muutumiki wamtambo
Kodi ndi zotetezeka?
Mu nthumwi zilizonse zoyang'anira ndi kasamalidwe kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo, zinthu ziwiri zimagwira ntchito yofunika: kusadziwika ndi kubisa.
Kugwiritsa ntchito encryption kuteteza anthu kuti asamangoyang'ana ndi chinthu chomwe owerenga amachidziwa bwino.
Kusadziwika kumabisa zambiri za eni ake komanso gwero kuchokera kwa ogwira ntchito pamtambo. Zambiri zaumwini zimachotsedwa ndipo zolembedwa zimapatsidwa chizindikiritso "chopanda mawonekedwe". Ngakhale wopanga mapulogalamu amtambo kapena woyang'anira yemwe ali ndi mtambo sangadziwe mwiniwake wa zopemphazo. "Izi zachokera kuti? Ndani angakhale ndi chidwi ndi izi?β - mafunso oterowo adzakhala osayankhidwa. Kusowa kwa chidziwitso chokhudza mwiniwake ndi gwero kumapangitsa kuti wamkati awononge nthawi.
Tikayerekeza njira iyi ndi mchitidwe wachikhalidwe wochotsa ntchito kapena kubwereka woyang'anira yemwe akubwera, zikuwonekeratu kuti matekinoloje amtambo ndi otetezeka. Katswiri wa IT yemwe akubwera amadziwa zambiri za bungwe lake, ndipo, mosasamala, angayambitse vuto lalikulu pankhani yachitetezo. Nkhani yochotsa kapena kuthetsa mgwirizano ikufunikabe kuthetsedwa. Nthawi zina, kuwonjezera pa kuletsa kapena kuchotsa akaunti, izi zimaphatikizapo kusintha kwa mawu achinsinsi padziko lonse lapansi kuti mupeze ntchito, komanso kuwunika kwazinthu zonse zolowera "zoiwalika" komanso "ma bookmark".
Kodi Nebula ndi yokwera mtengo kapena yotchipa bwanji kuposa woyang'anira yemwe akubwera?
Zonse ndi zachibale. Zofunikira za Nebula zilipo kwaulere. Kwenikweni, ndi chiyani chomwe chingakhale chotsika mtengo?
Zachidziwikire, sizingatheke kuchita popanda woyang'anira maukonde kapena munthu wolowa m'malo mwake. Funso ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu, ukadaulo wawo komanso kugawa kwawo pamasamba.
Ponena za ntchito yowonjezera yolipiridwa, kufunsa funso lachindunji: okwera mtengo kapena otsika mtengo - njira yotereyi nthawi zonse imakhala yolakwika komanso yambali imodzi. Zingakhale zolondola kwambiri kuyerekeza zinthu zambiri, kuyambira ndalama kulipira ntchito ya akatswiri enieni ndi kutha ndi ndalama zoonetsetsa kuti akugwirizana ndi kontrakitala kapena munthu payekha: kuwongolera khalidwe, kujambula zolemba, kusunga mlingo wa chitetezo, ndi zina zotero.
Ngati tikukamba za mutu wakuti ngati kuli kopindulitsa kapena kopanda phindu kugula phukusi lazinthu zolipiridwa (Pro-Pack), ndiye yankho lofanana likhoza kumveka motere: ngati bungwe liri laling'ono, mukhoza kupita ndi zofunikira. mtundu, ngati bungwe likukula, ndiye kuti ndizomveka kuganiza za Pro-Pack. Kusiyana pakati pa mitundu ya Zyxel Nebula kumatha kuwoneka mu Gulu 1.
Table 1. Kusiyana pakati pa zoyambira ndi Pro-Pack zimayika pa Nebula.
Izi zikuphatikiza malipoti apamwamba, kuwunika kwa ogwiritsa ntchito, kukonza masinthidwe, ndi zina zambiri.
Nanga bwanji za chitetezo chamsewu?
Nebula amagwiritsa ntchito protocol kuonetsetsa kuti zida za netiweki zikuyenda bwino.
NETCONF imatha kuthamanga pamwamba pa njira zingapo zoyendera:
- ();
- ();
- ();
- ().
Tikayerekeza NETCONF ndi njira zina, mwachitsanzo, kasamalidwe kudzera pa SNMP, ziyenera kudziwika kuti NETCONF imathandizira kulumikizana kwa TCP komwe kumatuluka kuti igonjetse chotchinga cha NAT ndipo imawerengedwa kuti ndi yodalirika.
Nanga bwanji thandizo la hardware?
Zoonadi, simuyenera kutembenuza chipinda cha seva kukhala malo osungiramo nyama omwe ali ndi oimira a mitundu yosowa komanso yowopsa ya zida. Ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti zida zolumikizidwa ndiukadaulo wowongolera zikwaniritse mbali zonse: kuchokera pakusintha kwapakati kupita kumalo ofikira. Akatswiri opanga Zyxel adasamalira izi. Nebula imagwiritsa ntchito zida zambiri:
- 10G zosintha zapakati;
- masiwichi ofikira;
- kusinthana ndi PoE;
- malo olowera;
- ma network gateways.
Pogwiritsa ntchito zida zosiyanasiyana zothandizira, mutha kupanga maukonde amitundu yosiyanasiyana yantchito. Izi ndizowona makamaka kwa makampani omwe akukula osati m'mwamba, koma kunja, akufufuza nthawi zonse madera atsopano ochitira bizinesi.
Kupitabe patsogolo
Zida zapaintaneti zokhala ndi kasamalidwe kachikhalidwe zili ndi njira imodzi yokha yosinthira - kusintha chipangizocho chokha, kukhala firmware yatsopano kapena ma module owonjezera. Pankhani ya Zyxel Nebula, pali njira yowonjezera yowonjezerapo - kupyolera mu kukonza zowonongeka zamtambo. Mwachitsanzo, mutatha kukonza Nebula Control Center (NCC) kuti ikhale 10.1. (Seputembala 21, 2020) zatsopano zikupezeka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito, nazi zina mwazo:
- Mwiniwake wa bungwe tsopano akhoza kusamutsa maufulu onse a umwini kwa woyang'anira wina mu bungwe lomwelo;
- ntchito yatsopano yotchedwa Owner Representative, yomwe ili ndi ufulu wofanana ndi mwini wa bungwe;
- mawonekedwe atsopano amtundu wa firmware (gawo la Pro-Pack);
- zosankha ziwiri zatsopano zawonjezeredwa ku topology: kuyambitsanso chipangizocho ndikutsegula ndi kutseka mphamvu ya doko la PoE (Pro-Pack ntchito);
- kuthandizira kwamitundu yatsopano yofikira: WAC500, WAC500H, WAC5302D-Sv2 ndi NWA1123ACv3;
- kuthandizira kutsimikizika kwa voucher ndi kusindikiza kwa QR code (Pro-Pack function).
maulalo othandiza
Source: www.habr.com