M'zaka zaposachedwa, ma feed ankhani adasefukira ndi mauthenga okhudza mtundu watsopano wa ma network omwe amagawika omwe akuwoneka mosadziwika bwino, akuthetsa (kapena, kuyesera kuthetsa) mavuto osiyanasiyana - kupanga mzinda wanzeru, kupulumutsa dziko ku kukopera. olakwira kapena mosemphanitsa, kutumiza uthenga kapena zinthu mwachinsinsi, kuthawa - pansi pa ulamuliro wa boma m'dera lina. Kaya munda, iwo onse ndi chiwerengero cha zinthu wamba chifukwa chakuti mafuta kukula anali aligorivimu ndi njira amene anabwera kwa anthu pa posachedwapa chiwombankhanga cryptocurrencies ndi umisiri ogwirizana. Mwinamwake nkhani yachitatu iliyonse yokhudzana ndi zida zapadera panthawiyo inali ndi mawu akuti "blockchain" pamutu - kukambirana za mayankho atsopano a mapulogalamu ndi zitsanzo zachuma kunakhala chikhalidwe chachikulu kwa nthawi yayitali, motsutsana ndi maziko omwe madera ena ogwiritsira ntchito makompyuta adagawidwa. zatsikira kumbuyo.
Pa nthawi yomweyo, masomphenya ndi akatswiri anaona akamanena za chodabwitsa: yaikulu anagawira computing, kugwirizana ndi kumanga maukonde kuchokera ambiri otenga mbali osiyana ndi heterogeneous, wafika pa mlingo watsopano wa chitukuko. Ndikokwanira kutaya mitu ya hype m'mutu mwanu ndikuyang'ana mutuwo kuchokera kumbali ina: maukonde onsewa, osonkhanitsidwa kuchokera kumayiwe akulu, omwe amakhala ndi anthu masauzande ambiri, sanawonekere okha. Okonda kayendedwe ka crypto adatha kuthetsa mavuto ovuta a kalunzanitsidwe wa deta ndi kugawa chuma ndi ntchito m'njira yatsopano, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti zikhale zotheka kugwirizanitsa zida zofanana ndi kupanga zachilengedwe zatsopano zomwe zimapangidwira kuthetsa vuto limodzi lochepa kwambiri.
Zoonadi, izi sizinapitirire ndi magulu ndi madera omwe akugwira nawo ntchito yokonza makompyuta ogawidwa kwaulere, ndipo ntchito zatsopano sizinachedwe kubwera.
Komabe, ngakhale kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa kuchuluka kwa zidziwitso zomwe zikupezeka pakukula kwa maukonde omanga ndikugwira ntchito ndi zida, omwe amapanga makina olonjeza adzayenera kuthana ndi mavuto akulu.
Yoyamba mwa iwo, ziribe kanthu momwe zingamvekere zachilendo, ndi vuto la kusankha njira.
Mayendedwewo atha kukhala olondola, kapena atha kufikitsa kumapeto - palibe kuthawa kwa izi; zida zapakati za clairvoyants ku gulu la IT zikadali mochedwa. Koma kusankha kuyenera kupangidwa kuti zisagwere mumsampha wanthawi zonse wa gulu lotenga malo otakata kwambiri ndikuyesera kupanga projekiti ina yosakhala mwapadera kwambiri kuyambira pachiyambi. Zikuwoneka kuti kuchuluka kwa ntchito sikuli kowopsa, makamaka timangofunika kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zilipo kale: kuphatikiza node kukhala netiweki, sinthani ma aligorivimu kuti muzindikire ma topology, kusinthanitsa deta ndikuwunika kusasinthika kwawo, yambitsani njira zopangira ma node ndikupeza. mgwirizano, ndipo, zowona, ingopangani chilankhulo chanu komanso chilankhulo chonse ndi malo apakompyuta. Lingaliro la makina apadziko lonse lapansi ndi loyesa kwambiri ndipo limatuluka nthawi zonse m'dera lina kapena lina, koma zotsatira zake ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zitatu: yankho lomwe linapangidwa limakhala ngati chitsanzo chochepa chokhala ndi gulu la "ToDos" loyimitsidwa. "Pambuyo pake, kapena imakhala chilombo chosagwiritsidwa ntchito chokonzeka kukokera munthu aliyense amene wakhudza thambo la "Turing madambo", kapena amangofa motetezeka chifukwa chakuti swan, crayfish ndi pike, zomwe zimakokera polojekitiyi m'njira yosamvetsetseka, anangodzilimbitsa okha.
Tisabwerezenso zolakwika zopusa ndikusankha njira yomwe ili ndi ntchito zomveka bwino komanso yoyenererana ndi mtundu wamakompyuta wogawidwa. Mutha kumvetsetsa anthu omwe amayesa kuchita chilichonse nthawi imodzi - inde, pali zambiri zomwe mungasankhe. Ndipo zinthu zambiri zimawoneka zosangalatsa kwambiri pamalingaliro a R&D ndi chitukuko, komanso pazachuma. Pogwiritsa ntchito netiweki yogawidwa mutha:
- Phunzitsani ma neural network
- Njira mitsinje ya chizindikiro
- Kuwerengera kapangidwe ka mapuloteni
- Pangani mawonekedwe a XNUMXD
- Tsanzirani hydrodynamics
- Yesani njira zamalonda zamalonda
Kuti tisatengeke ndikulemba mndandanda wazinthu zosangalatsa zomwe zimafananizidwa bwino, tidzasankha kumasulira kogawidwa ngati mutu wathu wowonjezera.
Kugawidwa komweko sikuli kwatsopano. Zida zomwe zilipo kale zathandizira kugawa katundu pamakina osiyanasiyana; popanda izi, kukhala m'zaka za zana la makumi awiri ndi chimodzi kungakhale zachisoni. Komabe, simuyenera kuganiza kuti mutuwo wafotokozedwa kutali, ndipo palibe chochita pamenepo - tikambirana vuto lina lokakamiza: kupanga chida chopangira maukonde.
Netiweki yathu yoperekera ndikuphatikiza ma node omwe amafunikira kuchita ntchito zoperekera ndi ma node omwe ali ndi zida zaulere zamakompyuta kuti zitheke. Eni ake azothandizira azilumikiza masiteshoni awo ku netiweki ya render kuti alandire ndikugwira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito imodzi mwa injini zothandizidwa ndi netiweki. Pankhaniyi, opereka ntchito adzagwira ntchito ndi maukonde ngati mtambo, kugawira chuma mwaokha, kuyang'anira kulondola kwa kuphedwa, kuwongolera zoopsa ndi zovuta zina.
Chifukwa chake, tilingalira kupanga chimango chomwe chiyenera kuthandizira kuphatikizika ndi seti ya injini zodziwika bwino komanso kukhala ndi zigawo zomwe zimapereka zida zopangira maukonde amitundu yosiyanasiyana ndikuwongolera kayendetsedwe ka ntchito.
Chitsanzo cha zachuma cha kukhalapo kwa maukonde amenewa si ofunika kwambiri, kotero ife tidzatenga monga chiwembu choyamba chiwembu chofanana ndi ntchito mawerengedwe mu maukonde cryptocurrency - ogula gwero adzatumiza zizindikiro kwa ogulitsa ntchito yomasulira. Ndizosangalatsa kwambiri kumvetsetsa zomwe chimango chiyenera kukhala nacho, chomwe tiwona momwe zimakhalira pakati pa omwe akuchita nawo ma network.
Pali mbali zitatu za kuyanjana mu netiweki: wopereka zothandizira, wopereka ntchito ndi woyendetsa maukonde (aka control center, network, etc. m'mawu).
Wogwiritsa ntchito ma netiweki amapatsa wopereka chithandizo ndi pulogalamu yamakasitomala kapena chithunzi cha opareshoni ndi pulogalamu yomwe yatumizidwa, yomwe adzayike pamakina omwe zinthu zake akufuna kupereka, ndi akaunti yake yomwe ikupezeka kudzera pa intaneti, kumulola khazikitsani magawo ofikira kuzinthu ndikuwongolera patali mawonekedwe a seva yake: wongolera magawo a hardware, pangani kasinthidwe kakutali, yambitsaninso.
Node yatsopano ikalumikizidwa, makina oyang'anira maukonde amasanthula zida ndi magawo omwe apezeka, amawayika, amawagawira ena, ndikuyika mu kaundula wazinthu. M'tsogolomu, kuti athetse chiopsezo, magawo a ntchito za node adzawunikidwa, ndipo chiwerengero cha node chidzasinthidwa kuti chitsimikizidwe kukhazikika kwa intaneti. Palibe amene angasangalale ngati mawonekedwe awo atumizidwa kukapereka makadi amphamvu omwe nthawi zambiri amaundana chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri?
Wogwiritsa ntchito yemwe akuyenera kuwonetsa zochitika atha kuchita njira ziwiri: kuyika zochitikazo kumalo osungiramo maukonde kudzera pa intaneti, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yowonjezera kuti alumikizane ndi phukusi lawo lachitsanzo kapena chopereka choyika pa netiweki. Pachifukwa ichi, mgwirizano wanzeru umayambitsidwa pakati pa wogwiritsa ntchito ndi intaneti, chikhalidwe chokhazikika chomwe chimatsirizidwa ndi mbadwo wa zotsatira za kuwerengetsera zochitika ndi intaneti. Wogwiritsa ntchito amatha kuyang'anira ntchito yomaliza ntchito ndikuwongolera magawo ake kudzera pa intaneti ya akaunti yake.
Ntchitoyi imatumizidwa ku seva, komwe kuchuluka kwa zochitika ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe woyambitsa ntchitoyo akufunsidwa zimawunikidwa, pambuyo pake voliyumu yonseyo imagawidwa kukhala magawo omwe amasinthidwa kuti awerengere kuchuluka ndi mtundu wazinthu zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi netiweki. . Lingaliro lazonse ndilakuti kuwonera kumatha kugawidwa kukhala ntchito zing'onozing'ono zambiri. Ma injini amapezerapo mwayi pa izi pogawa ntchitozi pakati pa othandizira angapo. Njira yosavuta ndiyo kumasulira magawo ang'onoang'ono a zochitika zomwe zimatchedwa magawo. Gawo lirilonse likakonzeka, ntchito yapaderalo imaganiziridwa kuti yamalizidwa, ndipo zothandizira zimapita ku ntchito ina yomwe yatsala.
Chifukwa chake, sizikupanga kusiyana kulikonse kwa woperekayo ngati kuwerengera kumachitidwa pa makina amodzi kapena pagulu la masiteshoni ambiri apakompyuta. Kugawidwa kogawidwa kumangowonjezera ma cores kuzinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ntchito. Kupyolera mu netiweki, imalandira zonse zofunika kuti ipereke gawo, kuliwerengera, kutumiza gawolo kumbuyo, ndikupita kuntchito yotsatira. Asanalowe mu dziwe lamanetiweki, gawo lililonse limalandira mndandanda wazinthu zomwe zimalola ma node kuti asankhe ntchito zamakompyuta zoyenera kwambiri kwa iwo.
Mavuto a magawo ndi kugawa mawerengero ayenera kuthetsedwa osati kokha pakuwona kukhathamiritsa kwa nthawi yophedwa, komanso kuchokera pamalingaliro akugwiritsa ntchito moyenera zinthu ndi kupulumutsa mphamvu, popeza kuyendetsa bwino kwachuma kwa maukonde kumadalira izi. . Ngati yankho silinapambane, zingakhale bwino kuti muyike mgodi pa node kapena kuzimitsa kuti zisapange phokoso komanso kuti musawononge magetsi.
Komabe, tiyeni tibwerere ku ndondomekoyi. Ntchito ikalandiridwa, mgwirizano wanzeru umapangidwanso pakati pa dziwe ndi node, yomwe imachitidwa pamene zotsatira za ntchitoyo zawerengedwa molondola. Malingana ndi zotsatira za kukwaniritsa mgwirizano, node ikhoza kulandira mphotho mu mawonekedwe amodzi.
Malo owongolera amawongolera njira yogwirira ntchito, kusonkhanitsa zotsatira zowerengera, kutumiza zolakwika kuti zikonzenso ndikuyika pamzere, kuyang'anira nthawi yomaliza yomaliza ntchitoyo (kuti zisachitike kuti gawo lomaliza silinatengedwe ndi node iliyonse).
Zotsatira za mawerengedwe amadutsa mu siteji yophatikizira, pambuyo pake wogwiritsa ntchito amalandira zotsatira zoperekera, ndipo intaneti ikhoza kulandira mphotho.
Chifukwa chake, mawonekedwe ogwiritsira ntchito mawonekedwe a malo omwe amapangidwa kuti amange kachitidwe kogawidwa kogawika amawonekera:
- Maakaunti amunthu omwe ali ndi intaneti
- Mapulogalamu opangira ma node
- Ndi control system:
- Dongosolo lowongolera zolowa
- Kupereka subsystem yowola ntchito
- Dongosolo logawa ntchito
- Compositing subsystem
- Mawonekedwe a seva ndi network topology management subsystem
- Logging ndi auditing subsystem
- Katswiri wophunzirira subsystem
- Rest API kapena mawonekedwe ena opanga akunja
Mukuganiza chiyani? Ndi mafunso ati omwe mutuwu umabweretsa ndipo ndi mayankho otani omwe mukufuna?
Source: www.habr.com