Tiyeni tiyambe ndi mfundo yakuti Proxmox ili ndi zida zabwino zopangira makina osunga zobwezeretsera. Zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kusunga deta yanu yonse yamakina ndikuthandizira njira ziwiri zophatikizira, komanso njira zitatu zopangira makopewo.
Choyamba, tiyeni tiyang'ane njira za compression:
Kuphatikizika kwa LZO. Algorithm yophatikizika ya data yopanda kutaya yomwe idapangidwa m'ma 90s. Code inalembedwa Markus Oberheimer (yokhazikitsidwa mu Proxmox ndi lzop utility). Mbali yayikulu ya aligorivimu iyi ndikutsegula mwachangu kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, zosunga zobwezeretsera zilizonse zopangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito algorithm iyi zitha kutumizidwa munthawi yochepa ngati kuli kofunikira.
GZIP compression. Pogwiritsa ntchito algorithm iyi, zosunga zobwezeretsera zidzakanikizidwa pa ntchentche ndi zida za GNU Zip, zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito algorithm yamphamvu ya Deflate yopangidwa ndi Phil Katz. Kugogomezera kwakukulu ndikuponderezedwa kwakukulu kwa data, komwe kumachepetsa malo a disk omwe amasungidwa ndi makope osunga zobwezeretsera. Kusiyana kwakukulu kuchokera ku LZO ndikuti njira zopondereza / kutsitsa zimatenga nthawi yayitali.
Makina opangira ma cloning adzapanga kopi yeniyeni ya seva yeniyeni, yomwe kusintha kulikonse kungapangidwe popanda kukhudza ntchito ya utumiki waukulu. Ndiye, ngati zosinthazo zikugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino, VM yatsopano imayambitsidwa ndipo yakaleyo imatsekedwa. Pali mbali ina mu ndondomekoyi yomwe iyenera kukumbukiridwa nthawi zonse. Makina opangidwa adzakhala ndi adilesi ya IP yofanana ndi VM yoyambirira, kutanthauza kuti padzakhala mkangano wa adilesi ikayamba.
Tikuuzani momwe mungapewere mkhalidwe wotere. Yomweyo pamaso cloning, muyenera kusintha masinthidwe maukonde. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kusintha kwakanthawi adilesi ya IP, koma osayambitsanso ma network. Mukamaliza kupanga makina pamakina akulu, muyenera kubweza zosinthazo, ndikuyika adilesi ina iliyonse ya IP pamakina opangidwa. Motero, tidzalandira makope awiri a seva yomweyo pamaadiresi osiyanasiyana. Izi zikuthandizani kuti muyike mwachangu ntchito yatsopanoyi.
Ngati ntchitoyi ndi seva yapaintaneti, ndiye kuti mungofunika kusintha A-record ndi omwe akukupatsani DNS, pambuyo pake zopempha za kasitomala za dzina lachidziwitsochi zidzatumizidwa ku adilesi yamakina opangidwa.
Mwa njira, Selectel imapatsa makasitomala ake onse ntchito yochititsa madera angapo pa seva za NS kwaulere. Zolemba zimayendetsedwa kudzera pagulu lathu lowongolera komanso kudzera pa API yapadera. Werengani zambiri za izi m'chidziwitso chathu.
Kupanga VM mu Proxmox ndi ntchito yosavuta. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuchita izi:
Pazenera lomwe limatsegulidwa, lembani dzina la parameter.
Pangani cloning pakukhudza batani choyerekeza.
Chida ichi chimakupatsani mwayi wopanga makina enieni osati pa seva yapafupi. Ngati ma seva angapo a Virtualization aphatikizidwa kukhala gulu, ndiye kuti pogwiritsa ntchito chida ichi mutha kusuntha zomwe zidapangidwa ku seva yomwe mukufuna. Chofunikira ndikusankha kosungira disk (parameter Zosungira Zolinga), yomwe ndi yabwino kwambiri mukasuntha makina enieni kuchokera pamtundu wina kupita ku wina.
Zosungirako zenizeni
Tikuuzeni zambiri zamitundu yamagalimoto yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu Proxmox:
NTHAWI. Mtundu womveka bwino komanso wosavuta. Ili ndi fayilo ya data ya byte-for-byte hard drive popanda kukanikiza kapena kukhathamiritsa. Iyi ndi njira yabwino kwambiri chifukwa imatha kukhazikitsidwa mosavuta ndi lamulo lokhazikika pamakina aliwonse a Linux. Komanso, iyi ndi "mtundu" wachangu kwambiri wagalimoto, popeza hypervisor safunikira kuyikonza mwanjira iliyonse.
Choyipa chachikulu chamtunduwu ndikuti ngakhale mutapereka malo ochuluka bwanji pamakina, malo amtundu wa hard disk adzalandidwa ndi fayilo ya RAW (mosasamala kanthu komwe mwakhalako mkati mwa makina enieni).
Chithunzi cha QEMU (qcow2). Mwina kwambiri chilengedwe mtundu pochita ntchito iliyonse. Ubwino wake ndikuti fayilo ya data ingokhala ndi malo omwe amakhala mkati mwa makina enieni. Mwachitsanzo, ngati 40 GB ya malo idaperekedwa, koma 2 GB yokha idagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndiye kuti malo ena onse adzakhalapo kwa ma VM ena. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pakusunga malo a disk.
Choyipa chaching'ono chogwira ntchito ndi mawonekedwe awa ndi awa: kuti muyike chithunzi chotere pamakina ena aliwonse, choyamba muyenera kutsitsa. wapadera nbd driverkomanso kugwiritsa ntchito cemu-nbd, zomwe zidzalola opareshoni kuti apeze fayilo ngati chipangizo chokhazikika. Pambuyo pake, chithunzicho chidzapezeka kuti chiyike, kugawa, kuyang'ana dongosolo la fayilo ndi ntchito zina.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti ntchito zonse za I/O mukamagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwewa zimasinthidwa mu pulogalamu, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kutsika pang'onopang'ono mukamagwira ntchito ndi disk subsystem. Ngati ntchitoyo ndikuyika database pa seva, ndiye kuti ndibwino kusankha mtundu wa RAW.
Chithunzi cha VMware (vmdk). Mtunduwu ndi wochokera ku VMware vSphere hypervisor ndipo idaphatikizidwa mu Proxmox kuti igwirizane. Zimakuthandizani kuti musamuke makina enieni a VMware kupita ku Proxmox.
Kugwiritsa ntchito vmdk mosalekeza sikuvomerezeka; mawonekedwewa ndiwochedwetsa kwambiri mu Proxmox, chifukwa chake ndi oyenera kusamuka, palibenso china. Kuperewera kumeneku mwina kuthetsedwa m'tsogolomu.
Kugwira ntchito ndi zithunzi za disk
Proxmox imabwera ndi chida chosavuta chotchedwa qemu-img. Imodzi mwa ntchito zake ndikutembenuza zithunzi za disk. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito, ingotsegulani cholumikizira cha hypervisor ndikuyendetsa lamulo mumtundu:
Inde, iyi si njira yokhayo yopulumutsira deta yofunika. Pali zida zambiri zomwe zilipo, mwachitsanzo. Kupindulitsa, yomwe mutha kupanga makope athunthu komanso owonjezera a zomwe zili mu Linux-based virtual servers.
Mukamachita zosunga zobwezeretsera, nthawi zonse muyenera kukumbukira kuti amatsitsa gawo la disk. Choncho, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti izi zichitike panthawi ya katundu wochepa kuti asachedwe panthawi ya ntchito za I / O mkati mwa makina. Mutha kuyang'anira momwe disk ikuchedwa kuchedwetsa mwachindunji kuchokera pa hypervisor web interface (IO delay parameter).