Tsoka ilo, mawuwa alibe analogue yabwino ya chilankhulo cha Chirasha. Wikipedia imapereka "multi-tenancy, multiple tenancy." Izi nthawi zina zimatchedwa "umwini wambiri." Mawuwa akhoza kukhala osokoneza, chifukwa nkhaniyo sikugwirizana ndi kubwereka kapena kukhala ndi mwini wake. Ili ndi funso la mapangidwe a mapulogalamu ndi bungwe la ntchito yake. Ndipo yotsirizirayo ndi yofunikanso.
Tinayamba kupanga kumvetsetsa kwathu kwa multitenancy panthawi imodzimodzi pamene tinayamba kupanga njira yogwiritsira ntchito mtambo (ntchito) mu 1C:Enterprise. Izi zinali zaka zingapo zapitazo. Ndipo kuyambira pamenepo kumvetsetsa kwathu kwakula mosalekeza. Tikungopeza zatsopano za phunziroli (zabwino, zoyipa, zovuta, mawonekedwe, ndi zina).
Nthawi zina otukula amamvetsetsa multitenancy ngati phunziro losavuta kwambiri: "Kuti zambiri za mabungwe angapo zisungidwe mu database imodzi, muyenera kuwonjezera ndime yokhala ndi chizindikiritso cha bungwe pamagome onse ndikuyika zosefera pamenepo." Ife, ndithudi, tinayambanso phunziro lathu la nkhaniyi kuyambira pano. Koma mwamsanga anazindikira kuti uku kunali kuyeretsa kumodzi (komanso, mwa njira, osati kosavuta). Kawirikawiri, ili ndi "dziko lonse".
Lingaliro loyambira la multitenancy litha kufotokozedwa motere. Ntchito yodziwika bwino ndi kanyumba kanyumba kokonzedwa kuti kakhale ndi banja limodzi, lomwe limagwiritsa ntchito zomangamanga (makoma, denga, madzi, kutentha, etc.). Multitenancy application ndi nyumba yanyumba. Mmenemo, banja lirilonse limagwiritsa ntchito zomangamanga zomwezo, koma zowonongekazo zimayendetsedwa panyumba yonse.
Kodi njira ya multitenancy ndi yabwino kapena yoyipa? Mungapeze malingaliro osiyana kwambiri pa izi. Zikuwoneka kuti palibe "zabwino kapena zoyipa" konse. Muyenera kufananiza zabwino ndi zoyipa pazolinga zantchito zomwe zikuthetsedwa. Koma iyi ndi mutu wosiyana ...
M'lingaliro lake losavuta, cholinga cha multitenancy ndikuchepetsa mtengo wosunga pulogalamuyo mwa "kucheza" ndi ndalama zogwirira ntchito. Izi ndizofanana ndi kuchepetsa mtengo wa pulogalamuyo pogwiritsa ntchito njira yopangira (mwina mwamakonda ndikusintha), m'malo molemba "kuyitanitsa." Pokhapokha pazochitika zina chitukuko chimagwirizanitsa, ndipo china - kugwiritsa ntchito.
Komanso, timabwereza, palibe kugwirizana kwachindunji kwa njira yogulitsa. Zomangamanga zambiri zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito m'makampani kapena m'madipatimenti a IT kuti apange nthambi zambiri zofananira ndi mabizinesi.
Titha kunena kuti multitenancy si nkhani yongokonzekera kusungirako deta. Ichi ndi chitsanzo cha momwe pulogalamuyo imagwirira ntchito yonse (kuphatikiza gawo lalikulu la kamangidwe kake, njira yake yotumizira, ndi bungwe lake lokonzekera).
Chovuta kwambiri komanso chosangalatsa cha mtundu wa multitenancy, zikuwoneka kwa ife, ndikuti tanthauzo lakugwiritsa ntchito "bifurcates." Gawo lina la magwiridwe antchito limagwira ntchito ndi madera enieni a data (zipinda) ndipo "sachita chidwi" chifukwa pali okhala m'nyumba zina. Ndipo ena amawona nyumba yonseyo ndikugwira ntchito kwa onse okhalamo nthawi imodzi. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, omalizawo sanganyalanyaze mfundo yakuti, izi ndi nyumba zosiyana, ndipo m'pofunika kuonetsetsa kuti mulingo woyenera wa granularity ndi chitetezo.
Mu 1C:Enterprise, mtundu wa multitenancy umayendetsedwa pamlingo wamatekinoloje angapo. Izi ndi njira za 1C:Enterprise platform, njira za"Ndipo"", ndondomeko (ma library of standard subsystems).
Chilichonse mwazinthu izi chimathandizira pakumanga nyumba zonse zanyumba. Chifukwa chiyani izi zimayendetsedwa mumatekinoloje angapo, osati m'modzi, mwachitsanzo, papulatifomu? Choyamba, chifukwa njira zina, m'malingaliro athu, ndizoyenera kusintha njira ina yotumizira. Koma kawirikawiri, ili ndi funso lovuta, ndipo nthawi zonse timayang'anizana ndi chisankho - pamlingo wotani ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito izi kapena mbali ya multitenancy.
Mwachiwonekere, gawo lofunikira la njira zomwe ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa papulatifomu. Chabwino, mwachitsanzo, kulekanitsa kwenikweni kwa deta. Apa ndipamene anthu amayamba kulankhula za multitenancy. Koma pomalizira pake, chitsanzo cha multitenancy "chinayenda" kupyolera mu gawo lalikulu la machitidwe a nsanja ndipo amafuna kukonzanso, ndipo nthawi zina, kuganizanso.
Papulatifomu, tidakhazikitsa njira zoyambira. Amakulolani kuti mupange mapulogalamu omwe amayenda mumtundu wa multitenancy. Koma kuti ntchito "zikhale ndi ntchito" mu chitsanzo choterocho, muyenera kukhala ndi dongosolo loyang'anira "ntchito za moyo". Matekinoloje a 1cFresh ndi gawo logwirizana labizinesi pamlingo wa BSP ndi omwe ali ndi udindo pa izi. Monga momwe m'nyumba zopangira nyumba zimakhalira zimapatsa okhalamo chilichonse chomwe angafune, motero matekinoloje a 1cFresh amapereka chilichonse chomwe angafune pamapulogalamu omwe akuyenda mumitundu yambiri. Ndipo kuti mapulogalamu athe kuyanjana ndi maziko awa (popanda kusintha kwakukulu), "zolumikizira" zofananira zimayikidwa mwa iwo ngati mawonekedwe a BSP subsystems.
Kuchokera pamawonekedwe a nsanja, ndizosavuta kuzindikira kuti pamene tikupeza chidziwitso ndikupanga nkhani yogwiritsira ntchito mtambo "1C: Enterprise," tikukulitsa mapangidwe a njira zomwe zikukhudzidwa ndi zomangamanga. Tiyeni tipereke chitsanzo chimodzi. Muchitsanzo cha multitenancy, maudindo a omwe akugwira nawo ntchito amasintha kwambiri. Udindo (mulingo waudindo) wa omwe ali ndi udindo pazogwiritsa ntchito umakula kwambiri. Zinakhala zofunikira kwa iwo kukhala ndi zida zamphamvu zowongolera ntchito. Chifukwa ogwiritsa ntchito (okhalamo) amakhulupilira poyamba onse omwe amagwira nawo ntchito. Kuti tichite izi, tidagwiritsa ntchito yatsopano . Dongosololi limalola oyang'anira operekera kuti achepetse ufulu wa omanga mapulogalamu pamlingo wofunikira wachitetezo - makamaka, kusiyanitsa magwiridwe antchito a lendi aliyense mkati mwa sandbox inayake.
Zosangalatsanso ndizomangamanga oyang'anira mapulogalamu omwe akugwira ntchito mu multitenancy mode (zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa muukadaulo wa 1cFresh ndi BSP). Pano, poyerekeza ndi chitsanzo chogwiritsiridwa ntchito chokhazikika, zofunikira za automation ya njira zoyendetsera ntchito zikuwonjezeka kwambiri. Pali njira zambiri zoterezi: kupanga madera atsopano a deta ("zipinda"), kukonzanso mapulogalamu, kukonzanso zambiri zamalamulo, zosunga zobwezeretsera, ndi zina zotero. Ndipo, ndithudi, zofunikira pamlingo wodalirika ndi kupezeka zikuwonjezeka. Mwachitsanzo, kuti tiwonetsetse kuti pali kulumikizana kodalirika pakati pa mapulogalamu ndi zida zowongolera, tidakhazikitsa ukadaulo wama foni asynchronous ndikutumiza kotsimikizika.
Mfundo yobisika kwambiri ndi njira yolumikizirana ndi deta ndi njira. Zikuwoneka zosavuta (ngati zikuwoneka kwa wina) poyang'ana koyamba. Chovuta chachikulu ndi kulinganiza pakati pa data ndi njira ndi kugawa magawo. Kumbali imodzi, centralization imakulolani kuti muchepetse ndalama (malo a disk, zothandizira purosesa, zoyesayesa za olamulira ...). Kumbali inayi, imalepheretsa ufulu wa "antchito". Iyi ndi nthawi imodzi yokha ya "bifurcation" pakugwiritsa ntchito, pomwe wopanga akuyenera kuganiza nthawi imodzi zakugwiritsa ntchito mwanjira yopapatiza (kutumikira "chipinda chimodzi") komanso m'njira yotakata (kutumikira "alendi" onse nthawi imodzi) .
Monga chitsanzo cha βvutoβ loterolo, munthu angatchule zidziwitso zamalamulo ndi zolozera. Inde, pali chiyeso chachikulu chopangitsa kuti zikhale zofala kwa βalendiβ onse a mβnyumba. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muzisunga m'kope limodzi ndikusinthira aliyense nthawi imodzi. Koma zimachitika kuti anthu ena amafunikira kusintha kwina. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, pochita izi zimachitika, ngakhale chidziwitso chomwe chimanenedwa ndi owongolera (mabungwe a boma). Izi zimakhala funso lovuta: kuyanjana kapena kusacheza? Nβzochititsa chidwi kuti nkhanizo zikhale zomveka kwa aliyense komanso zachinsinsi kwa amene akuzifuna. Ndipo izi zimabweretsa kale kukhazikitsidwa kovuta kwambiri. Koma tikuchita izi ...
Chitsanzo china ndi mapangidwe a kukhazikitsidwa kwa njira zokhazikika (zochitidwa pa ndandanda, zoyambitsidwa ndi dongosolo lolamulira, etc.). Kumbali imodzi, amatha kukhazikitsidwa kudera lililonse la data padera. Ndizosavuta komanso zosavuta. Koma, kumbali ina, granularity yabwino yotere imapanga katundu wambiri pa dongosolo. Kuti muchepetse katundu, muyenera kukhazikitsa njira zochezera anthu. Koma amafunikira kuphunzira mosamala kwambiri.
Inde, izi zimabweretsa funso lofunika kwambiri. Kodi opanga mapulogalamu angawonetse bwanji kuti pali multitenancy? Nanga afunika kucita ciani? Inde, timayesetsa kuonetsetsa kuti zolemetsa zaukadaulo ndi zomangamanga zikugwera momwe tingathere pamapewa aukadaulo woperekedwa, ndipo wopanga mapulogalamu amangoganizira za ntchito zamabizinesi. Koma monganso ndi zina zofunika zomangamanga, opanga mapulogalamu amayenera kukhala ndi chidziwitso chogwira ntchito mumitundu yambiri ndipo kuyesetsa kumafunika popanga mapulogalamu. Chifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa pali mfundo zomwe tekinoloje sizingapereke zokha popanda kuganizira semantics ya deta. Mwachitsanzo, kutanthauzira komweko kwa malire a chidziwitso cha chikhalidwe cha anthu. Koma timayesetsa kuti mavutowa akhale ochepa. Pali kale zitsanzo za kukhazikitsidwa kwa ntchito zoterezi.
Mfundo yofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito multitenancy mu 1C:Enterprise ndikuti tikupanga mtundu wosakanizidwa momwe pulogalamu imodzi imatha kugwira ntchito mosiyanasiyana komanso mwachizolowezi. Iyi ndi ntchito yovuta kwambiri komanso mutu wa zokambirana zosiyana.
Source: www.habr.com