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Kuyenda pa Rake: Zolakwa Zazikulu 10 Pakukulitsa Mayeso a Chidziwitso

Kuyenda pa Rake: Zolakwa Zazikulu 10 Pakukulitsa Mayeso a Chidziwitso
Tisanalembetse maphunziro atsopano a Machine Learning Advanced, timayesa ophunzira oyembekezera kuti adziwe momwe aliri okonzeka ndikumvetsetsa zomwe akuyenera kupereka pokonzekera maphunzirowo. Koma pali vuto: mbali imodzi, tiyenera kuyesa chidziwitso mu Data Science, kumbali inayo, sitingathe kukonza mayeso athunthu a maola 4.

Kuti tithane ndi vutoli, tatumiza likulu la TestDev lomwe lili mu gulu lachitukuko cha maphunziro a Data Science (ndipo zikuwoneka ngati ichi ndi chiyambi chabe). Tikukupatsirani mndandanda wa misampha 10 yomwe imakumana nayo popanga mayeso kuti muwunikire chidziwitso. Tikukhulupirira kuti dziko la kuphunzira pa intaneti likhala bwinoko pambuyo pa izi.

Rake 1: Kulephera kufotokoza momveka bwino zolinga zoyesera

Kuti tifotokoze bwino zolinga ndikupanga mayeso omwe angawaganizire, pokonzekera tiyenera kuyankha mafunso angapo:

  1. Kodi kwenikweni tikufufuza chiyani? 
  2. Kodi kuyezetsako kudzachitikire malo ati ndipo ndi makina ati omwe adzagwiritsidwe ntchito? Kodi pali malire otani m'malo ano? Mfundo yomweyi ikuthandizani kuti mumvetsetse zofunikira zaukadaulo pa chipangizo chomwe kuyezetsako kudzachitikire, komanso pazomwe zili (ngati mayesowo atengedwa kuchokera pama foni, zithunzizo ziyenera kuwerengedwa ngakhale pazenera laling'ono, ziyenera kuwerengedwa. zotheka kuwakulitsa, etc.).
  3. Kodi kuyezetsa kudzatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji? Muyenera kuganizira za mikhalidwe yomwe wogwiritsa ntchito adzayesa. Kodi pangakhale zochitika zomwe angafunikire kusokoneza kuyesa ndikupitirizabe?
  4. Kodi padzakhala ndemanga? Kodi timapanga bwanji ndikuzipereka? Kodi muyenera kulandira chiyani? Kodi pali nthawi yocheperako pakati pa kuyesa ndi kuyankha?

M'malo mwathu, titayankha mafunso awa, tidafotokoza mndandanda wazinthu zotsatirazi:

  1. Mayesowo awonetse ngati ophunzira amtsogolo ali okonzeka kuchita maphunzirowa komanso ngati ali ndi chidziwitso chokwanira komanso luso.
  2. Mayesowo akuyenera kutipatsa mayankho, kuwonetsa mutu womwe ophunzira adalakwitsa, kuti athe kuwongolera chidziwitso chawo. Tikuwuzani momwe mungalembe pansipa.

Rake 2: Kulephera kujambula ukadaulo wa wolemba mayeso odziwa

Kupanga zinthu zoyeserera, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuphatikiza katswiri pamunda womwe chidziwitso chikuyesedwa. Ndipo kwa katswiri, mukufunikira chidziwitso chokwanira (mafotokozedwe), omwe amaphatikizapo mitu ya mayesero, chidziwitso / luso lomwe likuyesedwa ndi msinkhu wawo.

Katswiri sangadzipangire yekha ukadaulo, chifukwa ntchito yake ndikubwera ndi ntchito, osati kapangidwe ka mayeso. Komanso, ndi anthu ochepa omwe amapanga mayeso mwaukadaulo, ngakhale ali mkati mwa kuphunzitsa. Izi zimaphunzitsidwa mwapadera - psychometrics.

Ngati mukufuna kudziwana ndi psychometrics mwachangu, ndiye kuti ku Russia kuli sukulu yachilimwe kwa onse ofuna. Kuti muphunzire mozama, Institute of Education yatero digiri yachiwiri ndi sukulu yomaliza.

Pokonzekera zaukadaulo, timasonkhanitsa tsatanetsatane wa mayeso kwa katswiri (kapena bwino, pamodzi ndi iye): mitu ya ntchito, mtundu wa ntchito, chiwerengero chawo.

Momwe mungasankhire mtundu wa ntchito: mutasankha pamitu, timasankha ntchito ziti zomwe zingayese bwino izi? Zosankha zachikale: ntchito yotseguka, ntchito yosankha kangapo kapena imodzi, yofananira, ndi zina zotero (musaiwale za zolephera zaukadaulo za malo oyesera!). Pambuyo pozindikira ndi kufotokoza mtundu wa ntchito, tili ndi luso lokonzekera lokonzekera katswiri. Mutha kuyitcha tsatanetsatane wa mayeso.

Rake 3: Osaphatikizira katswiri pakupanga mayeso

Pomiza katswiri pa chitukuko cha mayesero, ndikofunika kwambiri osati kungomuwonetsa "kuchuluka kwa ntchito", koma kumuphatikiza mu ndondomeko ya chitukuko yokha.

Momwe mungapangire kugwira ntchito ndi katswiri momwe mungathere:

  • Konzani pasadakhale ndikukhala ndi nthawi yolankhula za sayansi yakukula kwa mayeso ndi psychometrics.
  • Yang'anani chidwi cha wowunika pakupanga chida choyenera komanso chodalirika chowunika, osati mndandanda wa mafunso.
  • Fotokozani kuti ntchito yake ikuphatikizapo gawo lokonzekera, osati chitukuko cha ntchito zokha.

Akatswiri ena (chifukwa cha chikhalidwe chawo) amatha kuona izi ngati kuyesa kwa ntchito yawo, ndipo timawafotokozera kuti ngakhale titapanga ntchito zabwino kwambiri, sizingafanane ndi zolinga zenizeni.

Kuti ndondomekoyi ipite mofulumira, timakonzekera tebulo la nkhani za mutu (chidziwitso ndi luso) ndi katswiri, womwe uli mbali ya ndondomeko ya mayeso. Ndi tebulo ili lomwe limatithandiza kuyankha molondola mafunso ndikuzindikira zomwe tingayeze. Pazochitika zilizonse zitha kupangidwa mosiyana pang'ono. Ntchito yathu ndikuwona momwe munthu amamvetsetsa bwino chidziwitso ndi luso la maphunziro am'mbuyomu, oyambira kuti amvetsetse momwe aliri wokonzeka kuphunzira maphunziro atsopano.

Rake 4: Kuganiza kuti katswiri "amadziwa bwino"

Amadziwa bwino nkhaniyi. Koma sikuti nthawi zonse imalongosola momveka bwino. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuyang'ana mawu a ntchito. Lembani malangizo omveka bwino, mwachitsanzo, "Sankhani njira imodzi yolondola." Mu 1% ya milandu, akatswiri amakonzekera mafunso m'njira yomwe iwo amamvetsetsa. Ndipo izo ziri bwino. Koma asanapereke mayesowo kwa omwe adzawatenge, zonse ziyenera kufufuzidwa ndi kufufuzidwa kuti anthu omwe akuyesa mayesowo amvetse bwino zomwe akuyenera kuchita komanso kuti asalakwitsa chifukwa akhoza kutanthauzira molakwika malemba a ntchitoyo.

Kuti tipewe kutanthauzira kawiri ntchito, timapanga "ma laboratories ozindikira." Timapempha anthu kuchokera kwa omwe tikuwatsata kuti ayese mayeso, kunena mokweza zomwe akuganiza ndikujambula mwatsatanetsatane. Pa "ma laboratories ozindikira" mutha "kugwira" mafunso osadziwika bwino, mawu oyipa, ndikupeza mayankho oyamba pa mayesowo.

Rake 5: Musanyalanyaze nthawi yoyeserera

njira yachipongwe: pa
Inde, mayeso athu ndi abwino kwambiri, aliyense amalota kuti apambane! Inde, maola 4 onse.
mawu achipongwe: kuzimitsa

Pakakhala mndandanda wa zonse zomwe zingathe kufufuzidwa, chinthu chachikulu sichiyenera kuchita (poyamba kumveka ngati zachilendo, sichoncho?). Muyenera kudula mopanda chifundo, kuzindikira chidziwitso chofunikira ndi luso ndi katswiri (inde, maluso angapo amathanso kuyesedwa pamayeso). Timayang'ana mtundu wa ntchito ndikuyerekeza nthawi yomaliza chandamale: ngati zonse zikadali zochulukirapo kuposa malire oyenera, timadula!

Kuti muchepetse voliyumu, mutha kuyesanso (mosamala) kuyesa maluso awiri pantchito imodzi. Pankhaniyi, n'zovuta kumvetsa chifukwa chake munthuyo analakwitsa, koma ngati atachita bwino, luso lonse likhoza kuganiziridwa. Ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti maluso awiriwa akugwirizana ndi gawo lomwelo la chidziwitso.

Rake 6: Osaganiza kudzera pamakina

Nthawi zambiri, polemba mayeso oyesa, amagwiritsa ntchito njira yachikale yogoletsa, mwachitsanzo, mfundo imodzi yantchito zosavuta ndi mfundo ziwiri zazovuta. Koma si onse. Kuchuluka kwa mfundo zochokera ku zotsatira za mayeso sikudzatiuza zambiri: sitidziwa ntchito zomwe mfundozi zinalandiridwa ndipo tikhoza kudziwa chiwerengero cha ntchito zolondola. Tiyenera kumvetsetsa zomwe oyesa mayeso akuwonetsa. Kuphatikiza apo, tikufuna kuwapatsa ndemanga pamitu yomwe ikufunika kuwongoleredwa.

Kupatula apo, tikuchita mayeso omwe agawanitsa anthu omwe ali okonzeka komanso omwe sanakonzekere kumaliza maphunzirowa, tilangiza ena kukonzekera maphunzirowa kudzera mu maphunziro aulere. Ndikofunikira kwa ife kuti gululi liphatikizepo okhawo amene akufunikiradi ndi amene ali okonzeka kaamba ka ilo.

Zomwe timachita m'mikhalidwe yathu: timazindikira mkati mwa gulu laopanga mayeso kuti ndi magulu ati a anthu omwe akuyenera kuzindikirika (mwachitsanzo, okonzeka kuphunzira, okonzeka pang'ono) ndikupanga tebulo lamagulu oterowo, kuwonetsa maluso ndi chidziwitso. adzakhala oyenera kwa gulu la okonzeka kuphunzira maphunziro. Mwanjira iyi mutha kupanga "zovuta" zantchito zamayeso otere.

Rake 7: Unikani zotsatira zokha

Zowonadi, kuwunika kuyenera kukhala koyenera momwe kungathekere, kotero kuti zida zina za ophunzira zimawunikidwa zokha, β€œndi makiyi” - kuyerekeza ndi mayankho olondola. Ngakhale palibe njira yapadera yoyesera, pali njira zambiri zaulere. Ndipo ngati mumvetsetsa mfundo zolembera zolembera, ndiye kuti mutha kuchita chilichonse chomwe mukufuna ndi mafomu a Google ndi zotsatira zake pamatebulo. Ngati zina mwa ntchitozo zifufuzidwa ndi akatswiri, ndiye kuti tiyenera kulingalira za kupereka mayankho kwa akatswiri, popanda chidziwitso cha oyesa mayeso. Ndipo ganizirani za momwe mungaphatikizire zotsatira za kuyesa kwa akatswiri pakuwunika komaliza.

Poyamba tinkafuna kupanga ntchito zingapo zotseguka ndi code, pomwe akatswiri amawunika mayankho kutengera zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa kale, ndipo tidakonzekeranso dongosolo lomwe limatumiza mayankho amunthu payekha kuchokera kwa omwe atenga nawo mayeso kupita patebulo lapadera la akatswiri, kenako ndikutumiza zotsatirazo ku. tebulo lokhala ndi mawerengedwe oyesa. Koma titakambirana ndi oimira omwe akuwatsata, woyang'anira malonda ndi wopanga maphunziro, tidawona kuti kuyankhulana kwaukadaulo ndi ndemanga za akatswiri komanso kukambirana za code, komanso nkhani zapayekha, kungakhale kothandiza komanso kothandiza kwa omwe atenga nawo mbali pawokha. .

Tsopano katswiriyo amatsimikizira kukwaniritsidwa kwa mayesowo, kumveketsa mafunso ena. Kuti tichite izi, takonzekera chitsogozo cha mafunso ndi njira zowunikira zoyankhulana ndiukadaulo. Asanayambe kuyankhulana kwaukadaulo, woyesa amalandira mapu a mayankho a woyesa kuti amuthandize kusankha mafunso oti afunse.

Rake 8: Osafotokoza zotsatira za mayeso

Kupereka ndemanga kwa omwe akutenga nawo mbali ndi nkhani yosiyana. Sitiyenera kungodziwitsa za kuchuluka kwa mayeso, komanso kupereka kumvetsetsa kwa zotsatira za mayeso.
Itha kukhala: 

  • Ntchito zomwe wophunzirayo adalakwitsa komanso zomwe adazimaliza molondola.
  • Mitu yomwe wophunzirayo adalakwitsa.
  • Udindo wake pakati pa omwe akulemba mayeso.
  • Kufotokozera kwa msinkhu wa wophunzirayo, molingana, mwachitsanzo, ndi kufotokozera kwa msinkhu wa akatswiri (kutengera kufotokozera kwa ntchito).

Poyambitsa mayeso athu oyesa, kwa omwe akufuna kulembetsa pulogalamuyo, limodzi ndi zotsatira zake, tidawonetsa mndandanda wamitu yomwe ikufunika kuwongolera. Koma izi sizabwino, tidzakonza ndikupereka malingaliro abwino.

Rake 9: Osakambirana za mayeso ndi opanga

Mwina chowotcha chakuthwa kwambiri, chomwe chimakhala chosasangalatsa kupondapo, ndikutumiza kuyesa, kufotokozera ndi kugoletsa kwa opanga "monga momwe ziliri".
Zomwe ziyenera kukambidwa:

  • Maonekedwe a mafunso, kapangidwe kake, malo azithunzi, momwe kusankha yankho lolondola kumawoneka.
  • Kodi mphambu imawerengedwa bwanji (ngati ikufunika), pali zina zowonjezera.
  • Kodi mayankho amapangidwa bwanji, komwe mungapeze zolemba, pali midadada yowonjezera yopangidwa yokha.
  • Ndi zina ziti zowonjezera zomwe mukufunikira kuti mutenge ndi nthawi yanji (olumikizana omwewo).

Kuti tipewe kusamvana, timapempha opanga athu kuti alembe mafunso awiri kapena atatu kuti athe kuwona momwe amawonekera asanalembe mayeso okha.

Rake 10: Popanda kuyesa, kwezani mwachindunji kupanga

Nthawi 3, anyamata, mayeserowa ayenera kufufuzidwa nthawi 3 ndi anthu osiyanasiyana, kapena bwino, nthawi zonse 3. Chowonadi ichi chinapezedwa ndi magazi, thukuta ndi ma pixel a mizere ya code.

Mayeso athu amawunika atatu awa:

  1. Product - imayang'ana mayeso a magwiridwe antchito, mawonekedwe, zimango.
  2. Wopanga mayeso - amayang'ana zolemba zantchitozo, dongosolo lawo, mawonekedwe ogwirira ntchito ndi mayeso, mitundu ya ntchito, mayankho olondola, kuwerengeka komanso kuwona bwino kwazithunzi.
  3. Wolemba ntchito (katswiri) amayang'ana mayeso a kukhulupirika kuchokera kwa akatswiri.

Chitsanzo chochokera muzochita: pokhapokha paulendo wachitatu, wolemba ntchitoyo adawona kuti ntchito ya 1 idatsalira m'mawu akale. Onse am'mbuyomu adalamuliranso mwachangu. Koma pamene mayesowo adalembedwa, adawoneka mosiyana ndi momwe amaganizira poyamba. Ndi zotheka kwambiri kuti chinachake chiyenera kukonzedwa. Izi ziyenera kuganiziridwa.

Zotsatira

Podutsa mosamalitsa "rake" zonsezi, tidapanga yapadera bot ku Telegraph, kuyesa chidziwitso cha ofunsira. Aliyense akhoza kuyesa pamene tikukonzekera nkhani yotsatira, momwe tidzakuuzani zomwe zinachitika mkati mwa bot, ndi zomwe zinasintha pambuyo pake.

Kuyenda pa Rake: Zolakwa Zazikulu 10 Pakukulitsa Mayeso a Chidziwitso
Mutha kupeza ntchito yomwe mukufuna kuyambira pachiyambi kapena Level Up malinga ndi luso ndi malipiro potenga maphunziro a pa intaneti a SkillFactory:

Maphunziro ambiri

Source: www.habr.com

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