Ntchito zamakompyuta zogawidwa zapitilira ma petaflops 81 miliyoni, koma sayansi yangopeza 470, kodi mwakonzeka kutenga nawo mbali?

Posachedwapa, imodzi mwa mapulogalamu apakompyuta omwe adagawidwa - SETI@Home, yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito kufunafuna chizindikiro cha chiyambi chanzeru, kusanthula deta yomwe inapezedwa ndi telescope ya wailesi ya mamita 300 ku Arecibo, yomwe yatsekedwa pakali pano, idalengezanso kutsekedwa kwake, popeza onse. deta kuyambira pomwe telesikopu idayamba kugwira ntchito komanso isanatseke idakonzedwa bwino. Izi zidatheka chifukwa cha odzipereka mamiliyoni ambiri - ogwiritsa ntchito wamba omwe adapereka mphamvu yamakompyuta yaulere pazida zawo pakusanthula deta. Ena aiwo adalowa m'mavuto akulu ndi malamulo chifukwa cha zomwe amakonda - Woyang'anira adaba makompyuta kuti akhale mtsogoleri mu SETI@Home.

Ndipo ngati phindu logwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri zamakompyuta kuti mupeze chizindikiro chochokera ku chitukuko chanzeru pakati pa ma wailesi ena ambiri ojambulidwa ndi telesikopu zikuwoneka ngati zokayikitsa, ndiye kuti mapulojekiti ena monga SETI@Home amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, ngakhale kuti zomwezo. Folding@Home idayamba kupereka mphamvu zamakompyuta kuti athane ndi coronaviruspakakhala matenda ndi ntchito zina zambiri, mwina zosachepera, mwinanso zochulukirapo. Kumbali ina, nkhani zaposachedwa zidawonjezera otsatira 400 ku polojekitiyi munthawi yochepa kwambiri, yomwe, makamaka, ithandiza m'tsogolo kupanga mankhwala amavuto ena.

Koma chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi kupita patsogolo Utsiru dziko lathu, ndipo chaka chino pali aggravation. Folding@Home pakadali pano ndiye pulojekiti yayikulu kwambiri yogawa zasayansi yoperekedwa ndi sayansi, ili ndi ma petaflops 470, omwe ndi opitilira ka 2 kuposa magwiridwe antchito a makina apamwamba kwambiri. Msonkhano, koma nthawi yomweyo, 81000000/470 = 172 340 nthawi zochepa kuposa momwe machitidwe a makompyuta amphamvu kwambiri padziko lonse amagawira, omwe amatumikira mukuganiza bwanji? Bitcoin! Ndipo ili ndi ma petaflops pafupifupi 81 miliyoni.

Nkhaniyi ndi kuyesa kukopa chidwi pa vutolo, ndipo mwina kusinthana tcheru cha munthu nawo cryptocurrency migodi ntchito zofunika kwenikweni, chifukwa inu simungakhoze kugula moyo cryptocurrency ndi ndalama, ngakhale, ndithudi, pali ubwino migodi. . Opanga minda yamakompyuta, ogulitsa magetsi ndi malo opangira ma data amapeza anthu awa.

Ife, monga wothandizira alendo, nthawi zina timakhala ndi zothandizira zaulere, koma timakakamizika kulipira ndalama zambiri zamagetsi, zomwe, monga tikuonera, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati woyang'anira sukulu adatha kuwononga $ 10 miliyoni kuwonongeka kwa bungwe pazaka 1,5. Chifukwa chake, sitimayika makina amakompyuta omwe amagawidwa pamaseva ndipo sitilimbikitsa migodi nkomwe, chifukwa ndi okwera mtengo komanso opanda pake, ndipo palibe amene amakonda katundu wapamwamba pa intaneti. Ogwiritsa ntchito kunyumba kapena kuofesi ndi nkhani ina. Ngati muli ndi mwayi woyambitsa mtundu wina wa makompyuta, kuwonjezera pa migodi ya cryptocurrency, pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zopanda ntchito, izi zikhoza kubweretsa phindu lalikulu kwa inu ndi sayansi makamaka. Ingolembetsani mu imodzi mwama projekiti - Folding@Home kapena BOINC kuti musankhe. Ndipo mudzaperekadi chopereka chanu. Chinanso n’chakuti zoperekazo n’chiyani ndipo kodi zidzakhaladi zamtengo wapatali monga zikunenedwa?

Zotsatira BOINC ndi pulogalamu yomwe imapangitsa kuti kompyuta yanu isagwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi yopezeka pamapulojekiti asayansi monga: SETI@home, Climateprediction.net, Rosetta@home, World Community Grid ndi ena ambiri. Mukakhazikitsa BOINC pa kompyuta yanu, mudzatha kusankha ndikuchita nawo ntchito zingapo nthawi imodzi, zomwe mungasankhe nokha. Pamalo https://boinc.berkeley.edu/ pali mwayi wosankha kuwerengera kwa sayansi yomwe mukufuna kuchita.

Kumanga @ Home (F@H, FAH) ndi pulojekiti yogawidwa yapakompyuta yofananira ndi mapuloteni. Ntchitoyi idakhazikitsidwa pa Okutobala 1, 2000 ndi asayansi ochokera ku yunivesite ya Stanford. Mu 2017, Bitcoin idakhala projekiti yayikulu kwambiri yogawidwa, kupitilira Folding@Home. Komabe, mu Marichi 2020, zonse zidasintha:

Pa Marichi 14, 2020, chimphona chaukadaulo cha NVIDIA Corporation idapempha osewera kuti agwiritse ntchito mphamvu zamakompyuta awo akunyumba kulimbana ndi coronavirus. Patangotha ​​​​masiku angapo, CoreWeave, wamkulu wamigodi waku America pa blockchain ya Ethereum, adalengeza kuti akulowa nawo polimbana ndi coronavirus. Chimphona cha telecom cha ku Russia MTS sichinayime pambali ndikulengeza kuti zida zake zamtambo zilunjikitsidwa ku projekiti ya Folding@Home kuti ifulumizitse ntchito yopeza machiritso a coronavirus yatsopano.

Patatha milungu inayi atalowa nawo F@H polimbana ndi coronavirus, a Greg Bowman adanenanso kuti odzipereka 400 padziko lonse lapansi adalowa nawo ntchitoyi. Ndi kuchuluka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito atsopano kutsatira chilengezo chakuti F@H alowa nawo nkhondo yolimbana ndi coronavirus yatsopano, mphamvu ya polojekitiyi idakwera mpaka 000 petaflops. Choncho, pulojekiti ya Folding @ Home ikhoza kutchedwa kuti makompyuta amphamvu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, achiwiri kwa Bitcoin, omwe mphamvu zake ndi 470 petaflops.

Pa Marichi 26, 2020, mphamvu yonse yamakompyuta yapaintaneti idaposa ma exaflops 1,5, omwe ali pafupifupi ofanana ndi magwiridwe antchito onse apakompyuta apamwamba pa TOP500 padziko lonse lapansi - 1,65 exaflops.

Pa Epulo 12, 2020, mphamvu yonse yamakompyuta pamanetiweki idaposa ma exaflops 2,4, ndipo pa Epulo 23 - 2,6.

Komabe, izi zikadali pansi pa machitidwe a Bitcoin, omwe otenga nawo mbali angathandizenso. Koma mwina kusazindikira bwino kumalepheretsa izi kuchitika, kapena mwina chifukwa chake ndi chosiyana kotheratu?

Ineyo pandekha ndimadziwa za SETI@Home pulojekiti, ndipo ngakhale ndidakhala nawo kwakanthawi mu 2004-2006, mpaka ndidaganiza kuti mtengo wamawerengerowa umakhala 0, koma sindimadziwa konse za Folding@Home, yomwe ili ndi maphunziro ambiri. anakonzeratu zaka zowerengetsera mtsogolo ndipo mtengo wake ndi wokwera (pokhapokha mutaganizira kuti adagonja ku chipwirikiti chapadziko lonse lapansi kuti apange katemera wa matenda amodzi okha, pomwe maphunziro ena ambiri adayimitsidwa). Ndipo adakhala bwino pa intaneti kwakanthawi:

Komabe, titangogwiritsa ntchito pang'ono (pafupifupi sabata imodzi yogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri makompyuta), nditapereka Mac yanga yoyeretsa, msonkhanowo unandiuza kuti: "Tinasintha phala pavidiyo yanu, popeza idangouma, mumagwira nawo ntchito mwakhama. zithunzi”?

Kodi mwakonzeka kuwerengera zamtunduwu kwaulere chifukwa cha "sayansi", pomwe sizikudziwika kuti ndi anthu ati omwe amaika patsogolo COVID-19, yomwe, monga zatsimikiziridwa kale ku Sweden, sizimayambitsa mavuto, pomwe maphunziro ena amakhala achiwiri pazifukwa zina, ngakhale kuti ndizofunikira kwambiri? Kapena chifukwa cha manambala okayikitsa mu chikwama cha Bitcoin, zomwe mwachiwonekere sizingakupatseni ndalama zolipirira kompyuta yanu (ndipo ngakhale zitatero, sizothandiza)?

Ineyo pandekha sinditero. Chifukwa chake, ndidachotsa pulogalamu ya Folding@Home, ndikudzipangira ndekha kuti "makompyuta ogawidwa" onsewa ndi ofunikira ngati Bitcoin. Pambuyo pake, zinandionekeratu kuti ngati chinachake chapangidwa chifukwa cha mawerengedwe awa, ndiye, tsoka, chidzagulitsidwa ku makampani opanga mankhwala ndi ndalama zenizeni, zomwe zidzakulipirani inu ndi ine pa mankhwalawo. Ndipo ngati tikulipiridwa mankhwala, ndizomveka kuti otenga nawo mbali ayenera kulipidwa ndalama zina zothandizira makompyuta, ndiye kuti pulogalamu ya kafukufuku yomwe inalembedwa pamapu amsewu idzakhala yomveka bwino (osati pa Seti@Home level, yomwe pamapeto pake imayambitsa zovulaza kwambiri, kuposa zothandiza, popeza kuchuluka kwazinthu kunagwiritsidwa ntchito popanda zotsatira za konkire), ndipo maphunzirowa ayenera kulipidwa makamaka ndi makampani opanga mankhwala omwe adzagulitsa mankhwala ena kwa inu ndi ine.

Ndipo popeza ochepa omwe angakhale opanga mankhwala osokoneza bongo ali okonzeka kugawana bajeti ndi ndalama Folding@Home ndi ogwiritsa ntchito, phindu la polojekitiyi likuwoneka lokayikitsa kwambiri. Kupanda kutero, ndichifukwa chiyani makampani opanga mankhwala sakupereka ndalama zothandizira ntchitoyi komanso ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri?

Kupatula apo, zitha kukopa anthu ambiri ku polojekitiyi, ndikulonjeza, ngakhale zazing'ono, koma chindapusa chazinthu zawo. Zomwe zingakhale zowona mtima ndikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa zofunikira. Ndalama zolipirira ogwiritsa ntchito zitha kutengedwa kuchokera kumakampani opanga mankhwala omwe amafunikira zida zamakompyuta zogawidwa kuti apange mankhwala ena, ndipo zitha kugawidwa molingana ndi ogwiritsa ntchito, kutengera kuchuluka kwazinthu zomwe adapereka pa kafukufukuyu kapena phunzirolo. Komanso kuchokera ku bajeti za boma ndi misonkho, chifukwa pazifukwa zina, hadron collider imathandizidwa ndi ndalama? Bwanji osapereka ndalama zothandizira ntchito ngati zikuthandizira kupeza machiritso a Parkinson, khansa, ndi matenda ena?

Mwachiwonekere, ubwino wa mapulojekitiwa ndi ofanana ndi ubwino wa polojekitiyi yofufuza zachitukuko zakunja, apo ayi zonse zikanakhala ndi ndalama zamakampani opanga mankhwala ndipo zingagwiritse ntchito zotsatira zomwe zapezedwa. Kapena mabungwe "othandizira" awa akugulitsa kale deta kwa iwo, kulimbikitsa ogwiritsa ntchito, kukopeka ndi polojekitiyi kwaulere, kuganiza kuti akugwira ntchito kuti apindule anthu onse. Ngakhale kuti amabweretsa gawo laling'ono chabe la phindu, ndipo makamaka kwa iwo omwe amagwira ntchito mu ntchitozi monga oyang'anira, pambuyo pa zonse, ndani amakulepheretsani kulankhulana ndi munthu wina wa bungwe ndikumulimbikitsa pang'ono ndalama kuti akankhire izi kapena kafukufuku?

Chodabwitsa, pazifukwa zina pa intaneti, palibe amene adafunsapo mafunso awa. Komanso, makampani akuluakulu monga Amazon komanso oyendetsa mafoni alowa nawo ntchitoyi, kutsimikizira anthu wamba - omwe angakhale "ozunzidwa" pazamalonda, phindu lalikulu la chinthu chonsechi.

Maganizo anu ndi otani pankhaniyi? Mwina ndikulakwitsa ndipo sayansi imayamba chifukwa chopereka nawo nsembe pachinthu china? Kodi moyo umawononga ndalama zingati kapena $ 2,1 miliyoni pa jekeseni: chithandizo cha majini mozizwitsa - mwina nkhaniyi idzakhala yankho labwino ku funso lachiwiri ndipo lidzapangitsa anthu ambiri kuganiza asanakhulupirire mopatulika mwa opereka chithandizo.

Zotsatsa zina 🙂

Zikomo chifukwa chokhala nafe. Kodi mumakonda zolemba zathu? Mukufuna kuwona zambiri zosangalatsa? Tithandizeni potipatsa oda kapena kulimbikitsa anzathu, mtambo VPS kwa opanga kuchokera ku $ 4.99, ma analogi apadera a ma seva olowera, omwe adakupangirani inu: Chowonadi chonse chokhudza VPS (KVM) E5-2697 v3 (6 Cores) 10GB DDR4 480GB SSD 1Gbps kuchokera $19 kapena momwe mungagawire seva? (ikupezeka ndi RAID1 ndi RAID10, mpaka 24 cores mpaka 40GB DDR4).

Dell R730xd 2x yotsika mtengo ku Equinix Tier IV data center ku Amsterdam? Pokhapokha 2 x Intel TetraDeca-Core Xeon 2x E5-2697v3 2.6GHz 14C 64GB DDR4 4x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100 TV kuchokera $199 ku Netherlands! Dell R420 - 2x E5-2430 2.2Ghz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB - kuchokera $99! Werengani za Momwe mungamangire Infrastructure Corp. kalasi pogwiritsa ntchito ma seva a Dell R730xd E5-2650 v4 ofunika ma euro 9000 pa khobiri?

Source: www.habr.com