M'nkhaniyi ndikufuna kuwonetsa momwe mungapangire chiwembu chosavuta komanso chaulere pawebusayiti (kapena ntchito ina iliyonse ya intaneti) pogwiritsa ntchito kuwunika kophatikizana. ndi ntchito ya DNS yamphamvu. Ndiye kuti, pakakhala vuto lililonse ndi tsamba lalikulu (kuchokera pavuto la "PHP Error" patsamba, kusowa kwa malo kapena kungoyang'ana pang'ono kwa maoda pa malo ogulitsira pa intaneti), alendo atsopano adzatero. kuwongolera kwachiwiri (chachitatu, ndi zina zotero) kupitirira) seva yodziwika bwino yogwira ntchito, kapena pa tsamba la "Pepani", kumene adzafotokozera mwaulemu kuti "pali vuto, tikudziwa kale ndipo tikukonza kale, ife adzakonza posachedwaβ (ndipo pamenepa mudzakhala odziwa kale ndipo mutha kukonza).
Kukhala ndi failover kapena popanda?
Mpaka vuto lina litachitika, palibe kusiyana kwakukulu. Koma zikachitika, popanda kulephera, zotsatirazi zimachitika nthawi zambiri: mumayesa mwachangu kuti muzindikire vuto ndi chiyani, sizigwira ntchito (zosunga zobwezeretsera sizimatumiza, pulogalamuyo pazifukwa zina sizigwira ntchito momwe ziyenera kukhalira kuchokera pazolembedwa. , etc.), koma palibe nthawi, palibe seva - malo akugona, makasitomala akuyitanitsa, aliyense ali m'mphepete, mukuyesera kuti mukonze molakwika ndi zonyansa "ndi tepi", ndiye mwanjira ina zikuwoneka kuti zikuyamba. ndi ndodo ndi miyoyo. Mukuganiza kuti mu nthawi yanu yopuma mudzafunika kuzilingalira mwatsatanetsatane ndikukonzanso zonse mokongola, koma palibe chokhalitsa kuposa chakanthawi.
Tsopano, momwe izi zimachitikira mu mtundu wokongola wokhala ndi fayilo:
- Kulakwitsa kumachitika
- Cholakwikacho chidziwikiratu
- Chenjezo latumizidwa
- Kusinthira ku imodzi mwama seva osunga zobwezeretsera kumasamutsidwa
- Modekha komanso mopanda mantha, vutoli limakonzedwa, kukonzedwa, ndipo seva imayambiranso kugwira ntchito.
Chiwembu ichi, ndithudi, chingakhalenso ndi mavuto ake, komabe, ndondomekoyi ndi yofanana, siteji iliyonse ndi yosavuta ndipo chinthu chachikulu ndi chakuti ikhoza kusinthidwa mosiyana, kotero kuti mwayi wolephera ndondomekoyi ndi wotsika kwambiri, ndi zochita zonse zitha kupangidwa zokha ndikuchitidwa mwachangu (mosiyana ndi ntchito yopeza ndikukonza zamatsenga zosadziwika). Ndege yanu yatera kudziko lakutali, mumayatsa foni yanu ndikuwona chidziwitso mu telegalamu kuti seva yagwa, koma zonse zili bwino, seva yosunga zobwezeretsera yayatsidwa, mutha kupitiliza ulendo wanu, simukufunika kuwuluka mmbuyo kapena kukonza kudzera pa SSH kuchokera ku cafe yapafupi ndi WiFi. Mudzazindikira pamene kuli koyenera.
Tsogolo lafika kale!
Poyamba, vuto lalikulu lomwe linapangitsa failover nthawi zambiri njira yosavomerezeka inali kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe zimawononga. Kapena kunali koyenera kugula zida zamtengo wapatali (ndikuitana akatswiri okwera mtengo kwambiri). Kapena famu yamagulu ina yomwe imakhala yovuta malinga ndi maupangiri (ndinapezanso njira yomwe ma seva awiri amalumikizidwa ndi chingwe cha modem cha null, ndipo amatumiza kugunda kwamtima, kotero kuti panthawi yoyenera seva yosunga zobwezeretsera imazindikira ndikuwongolera. control). Tsopano pali njira zosavuta komanso zaulere. Ngati muli ndi tsamba la webusayiti ndi amphaka, palibe chowiringula choti musagwiritse ntchito failover yake panobe!
Chabwino, pambali, pa chiwembu cha failover mukufunikira seva ina (ndipo mwinamwake yoposa imodzi) ndipo izi zisanakhale ndalama zambiri, tsopano mukhoza kupeza VDS ya ndalama.
Malo odalirika kwambiri okhala ndi amphaka
Kuti tifotokozere yankho lake ndi oker + dns dynamic, tinayambitsa tsamba lathu ndi amphaka. . Timadana ndi amphaka, kotero sipadzakhala ambiri a iwo kumeneko. Pali malo atatu okwana, aliyense amawoneka mofanana (onse pa template yomweyo), koma ndi ana amphaka osiyana kuti azitha kusiyanitsa mosavuta, ndipo aliyense amalemba zambiri zamakono kuti awone momwe failover imagwirira ntchito. Tsambali limadzisintha lokha kamodzi pa mphindi imodzi iliyonse, koma mutha kudinanso kutsitsanso mu msakatuli.
Muzambiri zamakono pali mzere "status = OK". Nthawi zina ma seva amanamizira kuti ali ndi vuto ndikulemba status=ERR. Seva yayikulu "ikuwoneka kuti ikuwonongeka" mphindi 20 za ola lililonse (0:20, 1:20, 2:20, ...). Sungani seva mu mphindi 40. Seva yomaliza ("pepani" seva) imakhala ikuyenda nthawi zonse. Pamphindi 0 pa ola lililonse, ma seva oyambira ndi osunga zobwezeretsera "amabwezeretsedwa".
Mukatsegula tsambalo ndikulisiya pa tabu, mudzawona kuti silimawonongeka (ngakhale seva iliyonse imatengera vuto nthawi ndi nthawi), ndipo pakagwa vuto ndi seva, "imangothamanga" pakati pa ma seva amoyo. Chithunzi, dzina ndi adilesi ya seva ndi udindo wake zidzasintha. Nthawi zina mumatha kugwira nthawi yomwe chikhalidwe = ERR (vuto liripo kale, koma dongosolo lonse la failover silinagwire ntchito), koma ndondomeko yotsatira idzakuwonetsani tsamba kuchokera kumalo ogwira ntchito.
Kulephera pa okerr + DNS yamphamvu
Tiyeni tiwone momwe zimagwirira ntchito pansi pa hood. Ntchito yolemba mafayilo ndikuwonetsetsa kuti cat.okrr.com nthawi zonse imaloza ku adilesi ya IP ya seva yomwe ikugwira ntchito.
Kumbuyo kwa ma seva omwe amasunga malo athu amphaka ku okerr pali chizindikiro chomwe chimayang'ana momwe alili kamodzi pa mphindi.
Mu chithunzithunzi ichi tikuwona momwe tsamba la cat.okerr.com limayang'aniridwa kuchokera pa seva ya alpha.okerr.com. Tsambali liyenera kukhala ndi status=Chabwino, ndipo monga tikuonera pamwambapa, chizindikiro chathu chili bwino tsopano. Pamene seva "ikusweka", padzakhala ERR. (Ichi ndi chitsanzo chimodzi chabe cha chizindikiro, okerr akuyang'anira, kotero mutha kulumikiza mtundu uliwonse wa chizindikiro, mwachitsanzo, fufuzani malo aulere pa disk, chiwerengero cha malamulo atsopano mu database, komanso zizindikiro zomveka, mwachitsanzo. , usiku padzakhala zolakwika zina, ndipo masana ena) .
M'makonzedwe a polojekiti tinapanga chiwembu cha failover ndi zizindikiro izi:
Chiwembucho chili ndi zizindikiro zitatu (ma seva atatu), zosiyana ndi zofunika. Seva yayikulu ya tsambali ndi charlie, ngati sichigwira ntchito (sichikhala ndi "status = OK" kapena sichikupezeka), ndiye bravo ndipo pamapeto pake - alpha. Kumanja kwa tsamba kukuwonetsa momwe mbiri ya DNS ilili pamaseva osiyanasiyana.
Kwa iwo omwe adawona kuti dzina cat.he.okrr.com likugwiritsidwa ntchito: Timagwiritsa ntchito chiwembu chovuta pang'ono. M'malo mongosintha mbiri ya DNS ya cat.okerr.com, timasintha cat.he.okrr.com (pa Dynamic DNS provider ), ndi cat.okerr.com ndi CNAME (alias), zomwe sizisintha, nthawi zonse zimaloza cat.he.okerr.com. Timakonda Mphepo yamkuntho ngati DNS yamphamvu, ndipo ili ndi makiyi owongolera kulowa kamodzi (osati gawo lonse), timaganiza kuti ndiyotetezeka. Simuyeneranso kufotokoza mawu achinsinsi mu okerr kuti muzitha kuyang'anira dera lonselo, koma pa subdomain kapena mbiri.
Kuyambira kugwa mpaka kukwera
Pang'onopang'ono momwe dongosololi limagwirira ntchito:
- Vuto limachitika (loyerekeza) pa seva
- Sensa ya oker imayang'ana momwe seva iliyonse ilili kamodzi pa mphindi imodzi ndikupereka malipoti ku seva yayikulu ya polojekiti ku okerr
- Chizindikiro chofananira cha seva chimasintha kuchokera ku OK kupita ku ERR
- Pamene mawonekedwe a chizindikiro akusintha, failover imawerengedwanso, ndipo imawerengedwa kuti ndi adiresi iti yomwe iyenera kukhazikitsidwa (ngati kuli kofunikira. Mwachitsanzo, ngati seva yaikulu ikugwira ntchito, ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo seva yosunga zobwezeretsera inafa, palibe kusintha komwe kudzakhalako. zopangidwa)
- Adilesiyi idanenedwa ku dynamic dns service. Mukamaliza siteji iyi, mudzawona "synced" udindo kumanja.
- Posachedwapa (mphindikati) mbiriyo ifika pa ma seva a DNS a domeni yanu (pamalo amphaka ndi ns1-ns5.he.net).
- Kuyambira nthawi ino, ogwiritsa ntchito ena adzakhala kale pa seva yatsopano. Koma si ma seva onse a DNS padziko lapansi omwe asintha zolembazo, ndipo mbiri yakale ikhoza kusungidwa kwinakwake. Mutha kuwona momwe deta pa ma seva a DNS "amavina", kuwonetsa mtengo watsopano kapena wakale. Mukasintha tsamba lokonzekera la failover, woyendetsa yekha adzapempha deta yatsopano kuchokera ku maseva a DNS.
- Deta ikakhazikika, mbiri yakale yosungidwa imavunda paliponse - zopempha zonse 100% zimapita ku seva yatsopano.
Kuti mufulumizitse gawo la 7 (nthawi zambiri lalitali kwambiri), TTL ya mbiri ya DNS yamphamvu iyenera kukhazikitsidwa motsika momwe mungathere. Nthawi zambiri ntchito zimalola kuti pakhale masekondi 90-120. Uku ndi kunyengerera koyenera.
Komanso
Zonsezi zitha kukhazikitsidwa madzulo (ngati muli ndi seva yosunga zobwezeretsera). Onse okerr ndi dynamic DNS ntchito ndi zaulere. Kuti mupeze macheke ambiri mu okerr komanso nthawi yayifupi yotsimikizira, muyenera kumaliza maphunziro (kuchokera patsamba lanu). Mukamaliza, mulingo umawonjezeka nthawi yomweyo (zizindikiro 20 pa ola + 1 mwachangu, mphindi 10). Ndipo ngati alipo ochepa, lembani kwa [imelo ndiotetezedwa], mwinamwake kudzakhala kotheka kuonjezera (mpaka pano pakhala pali mwayi nthawi zonse, sindinakanepo, m'malo mwake, ndinadzipereka ndekha). Kungoti poyamba sindikufuna kulonjeza aliyense chilichonse, sindikudziwa kuti ndili ndi mphamvu zokwanira zosunga mawu anga. Koma pakadali pano pali ogwiritsa ntchito ochepa, kotero palibe mavuto pakuwonjezera malire.
Zomwe oker angachite zambiri - yang'anani patsamba . Kawirikawiri, uku ndikuwunika (zabbix kuchokera pamtambo), ndipo fayiloyi ndi ntchito yabwino yowonjezera. Mutha kulumikizanso pachiwonetsero kuchokera patsambalo popanda kulembetsa.
Chizindikiro chikasintha, chidziwitso chimatumizidwa ndi imelo kapena Telegraph. (Tinayang'ana zomwe zinali kuchitika ndipo tinazindikira kuti telegalamu ikuwoneka ngati mthenga wodalirika kwambiri. Chifukwa cha RKN chifukwa choyesa kupanikizika!) Ndi okerr yokonzedwa bwino, chidziwitso chilichonse mwina ndi chizindikiro "kusiya chirichonse, tiyenera kukonza!" , kapena βkuzima!β Sipayenera kukhala zidziwitso zowonjezera kuchokera ku okerra (ngati zilipo, ziyenera kukonzedwa mwanjira ina). Mwachitsanzo, patsamba lathu la amphaka, seva ya alpha ndiyomaliza ndipo simanama cholakwika. Ngati wagona, tiyenera kudziwa. Koma ma seva ena nthawi zonse amawonetsa zolakwika, kotero, kuti asalandire zidziwitso kangapo pa ola, zizindikirozo zimakhala ndi "chete".
Ndizomveka kupanga seva yachisoni (pamalo otsika mtengo) omwe angakhale ndi tsamba lanu lopepesa (ngati ma seva onse akuluakulu ndi osunga zobwezeretsera ali pansi) kapena adzakutumizirani ku tsamba la okerr (mwachitsanzo, lathu. ) kapena statuspage.io.
Source: www.habr.com