Maulosi

Sabata imodzi yapitayo ndimalemba nkhani pamutu womwe wawonetsedwa pamutuwu ndipo ndidakumana ndi mfundo yakuti, tinene kuti palibe zambiri zamaphunziro pa intaneti. Nthawi zambiri zowuma mfundo ndi malangizo khwekhwe. Choncho, ndinaganiza zowongolera pang'ono malembawo ndikulemba ngati nkhani.

FTP ndi chiyani

FTP (File Transfer Protocol) ndi njira yosamutsira mafayilo pamaneti. Ndi imodzi mwama protocol oyambira a Ethernet. Anawonekera mu 1971 ndipo poyamba ankagwira ntchito mu DARPA. Pakadali pano, monga HTTP, kusamutsa mafayilo kumatengera mtundu womwe uli ndi ma protocol a TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol). Kufotokozedwa mu RFC 959.

Protocol imatanthawuza izi:

Kodi kuwunika kolakwika kudzachitika bwanji?
Njira yoyika data (ngati zotengera zikugwiritsidwa ntchito)
Kodi chipangizo chotumizira chimasonyeza bwanji kuti chamaliza uthenga?
Kodi chipangizo cholandira chimasonyeza bwanji kuti chalandira uthenga?

Kulumikizana pakati pa kasitomala ndi seva

Tiyeni tiwone mwatsatanetsatane njira zomwe zimachitika panthawi ya FTP. Kulumikizana kumayambitsidwa ndi womasulira wogwiritsa ntchito protocol. Kusinthana kumayendetsedwa kudzera munjira yowongolera mu TELNET standard. Malamulo a FTP amapangidwa ndi womasulira wogwiritsa ntchito protocol ndikutumizidwa ku seva. Mayankho a seva amatumizidwanso kwa wogwiritsa ntchito kudzera pa njira yowongolera. Nthawi zambiri, wogwiritsa ntchito amatha kulumikizana ndi womasulira wa protocol wa seva ndi njira zina osati womasulira wa wogwiritsa ntchito.

Chofunikira chachikulu cha FTP ndikuti imagwiritsa ntchito kulumikizana kwapawiri. Mmodzi mwa iwo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutumiza malamulo ku seva ndipo amapezeka mwachisawawa kudzera pa TCP port 21, yomwe ingasinthidwe. Kulumikizana kowongolera kumakhalapo bola ngati kasitomala akulumikizana ndi seva. Njira yowongolera iyenera kukhala yotseguka potumiza deta pakati pa makina. Ngati chatsekedwa, kutumiza kwa data kumayima. Kupyolera mu chachiwiri, kusamutsa deta mwachindunji kumachitika. Imatsegula nthawi iliyonse kutumiza mafayilo kumachitika pakati pa kasitomala ndi seva. Ngati mafayilo angapo amasamutsidwa nthawi imodzi, iliyonse imatsegula njira yake yotumizira.

FTP imatha kugwira ntchito mumayendedwe okhazikika kapena osasunthika, kusankha komwe kumatsimikizira momwe kulumikizana kumakhazikitsidwa. Munjira yogwira, kasitomala amapanga kulumikizana kwa TCP ndi seva ndikutumiza adilesi yake ya IP ndi nambala yolumikizira kasitomala ku seva, kenako ndikudikirira kuti seva iyambe kulumikizana ndi TCP ndi adilesi iyi ndi nambala ya doko. Ngati kasitomala ali kuseri kwa firewall ndipo sangavomereze kulumikizidwa kwa TCP komwe kukubwera, njira yongokhala ingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Munjira iyi, kasitomala amagwiritsa ntchito kuwongolera kuti atumize lamulo la PASV ku seva, ndiyeno amalandira kuchokera ku seva yake adilesi ya IP ndi nambala ya doko, yomwe kasitomala amagwiritsa ntchito kuti atsegule mayendedwe a data kuchokera ku doko lake losagwirizana.

N'zotheka kuti deta ikhoza kusamutsidwa ku makina achitatu. Pankhaniyi, wogwiritsa ntchito amakonza njira yowongolera ndi ma seva awiri ndikukonza njira yolunjika pakati pawo. Malamulo olamulira amadutsa mwa wogwiritsa ntchito, ndipo deta imapita mwachindunji pakati pa ma seva.

Potumiza deta pa netiweki, zoyimira zinayi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito:

ASCII - yogwiritsidwa ntchito polemba. Detayo, ngati kuli kofunikira, imatembenuzidwa kuchokera ku chiwonetsero cha mawonekedwe pa wotumiza wotumiza ku "eyiti-bit ASCII" isanatumizidwe, ndipo (kachiwiri, ngati kuli kofunikira) kwa woimira wolandirayo. Makamaka, zilembo zatsopano zimasinthidwa. Zotsatira zake, mawonekedwewa siwoyenera mafayilo okhala ndi zambiri kuposa mawu wamba.
Binary mode - chida chotumizira chimatumiza fayilo iliyonse byte, ndipo wolandirayo amasunga ma byte akalandira. Thandizo lamtunduwu lalimbikitsidwa pazokhazikitsa zonse za FTP.
EBCDIC - yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusamutsa mawu omveka bwino pakati pa makamu mu encoding ya EBCDIC. Kupanda kutero, mawonekedwe awa ndi ofanana ndi mawonekedwe a ASCII.
Mawonekedwe am'deralo - amalola makompyuta awiri omwe ali ndi zoikamo zofanana kuti atumize deta mumtundu wawo popanda kusintha kukhala ASCII.

Kutumiza kwa data kutha kuchitika mwanjira iliyonse mwa njira zitatu:

Stream mode - deta imatumizidwa ngati mtsinje wopitirira, kumasula FTP kuti isagwire ntchito iliyonse. M'malo mwake, kukonza konse kumachitika ndi TCP. Chizindikiro chakumapeto kwa fayilo sichikufunika kupatula kugawanitsa deta muzolemba.
Mawonekedwe a block - FTP imathyola deta mu midadada ingapo (chida chamutu, kuchuluka kwa ma byte, gawo la data) kenako ndikutumiza ku TCP.
Ma compression mode - deta imapanikizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito algorithm imodzi (nthawi zambiri ndi encoding run length).

Seva ya FTP ndi seva yomwe imapereka mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito File Transfer Protocol. Ili ndi zina zomwe zimasiyanitsa ndi ma seva wamba:

Kutsimikizika kwa wogwiritsa ndikofunikira
Zochita zonse zimachitika mkati mwa gawo lomwe lilipo
Kutha kuchita zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndi fayilo yamafayilo
Njira yosiyana imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa kulumikizana kulikonse

FTP kasitomala ndi pulogalamu yomwe imakulolani kuti mulumikizane ndi seva yakutali kudzera pa FTP ndikuchitanso zofunikira pa izo ndi zinthu zamafayilo. Makasitomala atha kukhala osatsegula, mu adilesi yomwe muyenera kuyika adilesi, yomwe ndi njira yopita ku bukhu linalake kapena fayilo pa seva yakutali, molingana ndi chithunzi cha block URL:

ftp://user:pass@address:port/directory/file

Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito msakatuli munkhaniyi kukulolani kuti muwone kapena kutsitsa mafayilo omwe mukufuna. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito bwino zonse zabwino za FTP, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu apadera ngati kasitomala.

Kutsimikizika kwa FTP kumagwiritsa ntchito dzina lolowera / mawu achinsinsi kuti apereke mwayi. Dzinalo limatumizidwa ku seva ndi lamulo la USER, ndipo mawu achinsinsi amatumizidwa ndi lamulo la PASS. Ngati chidziwitso choperekedwa ndi kasitomala chikuvomerezedwa ndi seva, ndiye seva idzatumiza mayitanidwe kwa kasitomala ndipo gawolo likuyamba. Ogwiritsa ntchito amatha, ngati seva ikuthandizira izi, kulowa popanda kupereka zidziwitso, koma seva imatha kupereka mwayi wochepa wa magawo oterowo.

Wolandira omwe amapereka chithandizo cha FTP atha kupereka mwayi wosadziwika wa FTP. Ogwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri amalowa ndi "osadziwika" (atha kukhala okhudzidwa ndi ma seva ena a FTP) ngati dzina lawo lolowera. Ngakhale ogwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri amafunsidwa kuti apereke imelo yawo m'malo mwachinsinsi, palibe kutsimikizira komwe kumachitika. Magulu ambiri a FTP omwe amapereka zosintha zamapulogalamu amathandizira mwayi wosadziwika.

Chithunzi cha Protocol

Kuyanjana kwa kasitomala-seva panthawi yolumikizana ndi FTP kumatha kuwoneka motere:

Sungani FTP

FTP sinalingalire kuti ikhale yotetezeka, chifukwa idapangidwira kulumikizana pakati pa magulu angapo ankhondo ndi mabungwe. Koma ndi chitukuko ndi kufalikira kwa intaneti, chiwopsezo chopezeka mwachisawawa chawonjezeka nthawi zambiri. Panafunika kuteteza ma seva ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kuukira. Mu Meyi 1999, olemba a RFC 2577 adafotokozera mwachidule zomwe zili pachiwopsezo mumndandanda wazinthu zotsatirazi:

Kuwukira kobisika (kuukira kobisika)
Zowukira
Kuukira kwamphamvu
Kulanda paketi, kununkhiza
Kubera kudoko

FTP yanthawi zonse ilibe kuthekera kosinthira deta mu mawonekedwe obisika, chifukwa chake mayina a ogwiritsa ntchito, mapasiwedi, malamulo ndi zidziwitso zina zitha kulandidwa mosavuta ndi owukira. Njira yothetsera vutoli ndikugwiritsa ntchito mitundu "yotetezedwa", TLS-protected protocol (FTPS) kapena ina, protocol yotetezeka kwambiri, monga SFTP/SCP, yoperekedwa ndi ma protocol ambiri a Secure Shell.

FTPS

FTPS (FTP + SSL) ndi njira yowonjezera yosinthira mafayilo yomwe imawonjezera magwiridwe antchito ake kupanga magawo obisika pogwiritsa ntchito protocol ya SSL (Secure Sockets Layer). Masiku ano, chitetezo chimaperekedwa ndi analogue yake yapamwamba kwambiri TLS (Transport Layer Security).

SSL

Protocol ya SSL idapangidwa ndi Netscape Communications mu 1996 kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo ndi chinsinsi cha intaneti. Protocol imathandizira kutsimikizika kwa kasitomala ndi seva, ndiyodziyimira pawokha, ndipo imawonekera ku HTTP, FTP, ndi Telnet protocol.

Protocol ya SSL Handshake ili ndi magawo awiri: kutsimikizika kwa seva ndi kutsimikizika kwa kasitomala. Pa gawo loyamba, seva imayankha pempho la kasitomala potumiza satifiketi yake ndi magawo achinsinsi. Wogulayo ndiye amapanga kiyi ya master, ndikuyilemba ndi kiyi yapagulu ya seva, ndikuitumiza ku seva. Seva imachotsa makiyi achinsinsi ndi kiyi yake yachinsinsi ndikudzitsimikizira yokha kwa kasitomala pobweretsa uthenga womwe watsimikiziridwa ndi kiyi yayikulu ya kasitomala.

Zomwe zimatsatira zimabisidwa ndikutsimikiziridwa ndi makiyi otengedwa ku kiyi yayikulu iyi. Mu sitepe yachiwiri, yomwe ili yosankha, seva imatumiza pempho kwa kasitomala, ndipo kasitomala amadzitsimikizira yekha kwa seva pobwezera pempholo ndi siginecha yake ya digito ndi chiphaso chachinsinsi cha anthu.

SSL imathandizira ma algorithms osiyanasiyana a cryptographic. Pakukhazikitsa kulumikizana, RSA public key cryptosystem imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pambuyo posinthana makiyi, ma ciphers osiyanasiyana amagwiritsidwa ntchito: RC2, RC4, IDEA, DES ndi TripleDES. MD5 imagwiritsidwanso ntchito - algorithm yopanga meseji digest. Mawu a ziphaso za makiyi a anthu akufotokozedwa mu X.509.

Ubwino umodzi wofunikira wa SSL ndikudziyimira pawokha papulatifomu. Protocol imapangidwa pa mfundo za kunyamula, ndipo lingaliro la zomangamanga zake silidalira ntchito zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikiranso kuti ma protocol ena azitha kuphimba mowonekera pamwamba pa protocol ya SSL; mwina kuonjezeranso kuchuluka kwa chitetezo chazomwe zikuyenda, kapena kusintha luso la cryptographic la SSL pa ntchito ina, yodziwika bwino.

Kugwirizana kwa SSL

Njira yotetezeka yoperekedwa ndi SSL ili ndi zinthu zitatu zazikulu:

Njirayi ndi yachinsinsi. Kubisa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mauthenga onse pambuyo pa zokambirana zosavuta zomwe zimathandiza kudziwa chinsinsi chachinsinsi.
Njirayi ndi yovomerezeka. Mbali ya seva ya zokambirana imakhala yotsimikizika nthawi zonse, pomwe mbali ya kasitomala imatsimikiziridwa mwakufuna.
Njirayi ndi yodalirika. Kutumiza mauthenga kumaphatikizapo kuwunika kukhulupirika (pogwiritsa ntchito MAC).

Zithunzi za FTPS

Pali kukhazikitsa kuwiri kwa FTPS, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zoperekera chitetezo:

Njira yowonongeka imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito ndondomeko ya SSL yokhazikika kuti mukhazikitse gawo musanatumize deta, zomwe, zimaphwanya kugwirizana ndi makasitomala a FTP nthawi zonse ndi ma seva. Kuti mugwirizane ndi makasitomala omwe sakugwirizana ndi FTPS, TCP port 990 imagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizira ndipo 989 imagwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza deta. Njira imeneyi imatengedwa kuti ndi yachikale.
Zowonekera ndizosavuta kwambiri, chifukwa zimagwiritsa ntchito malamulo amtundu wa FTP, koma zimasunga deta poyankha, zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito kulumikizana komweko kwa FTP ndi FTPS. Wofuna chithandizo ayenera kupempha mwatsatanetsatane kusamutsa kwa data kuchokera pa seva, ndiyeno kuvomereza njira yobisira. Ngati kasitomala sapempha kusamutsidwa kotetezeka, seva ya FTPS ili ndi ufulu wosunga kapena kutseka kulumikizidwa kopanda chitetezo. Njira yolumikizirana ndi chitetezo cha data idawonjezedwa pansi pa RFC 2228 yomwe ikuphatikiza lamulo latsopano la FTP AUTH. Ngakhale mulingo uwu sunatchule mwatsatanetsatane njira zotetezera, umanena kuti kulumikizana kotetezeka kuyenera kuyambitsidwa ndi kasitomala pogwiritsa ntchito algorithm yomwe tafotokozayi. Ngati maulumikizidwe otetezeka sakuthandizidwa ndi seva, cholakwika cha 504 chiyenera kubwezeredwa. Makasitomala a FTPS atha kudziwa zambiri zama protocol omwe amathandizidwa ndi seva pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo la FEAT, komabe, seva siyiyenera kuwonetsa kuti ndi chitetezo chanji. amathandiza. Malamulo odziwika bwino a FTPS ndi AUTH TLS ndi AUTH SSL, omwe amapereka chitetezo cha TLS ndi SSL, motsatana.

SFTP

SFTP (Secure File Transfer Protocol) ndi pulogalamu yosanjikiza mafayilo osanjikiza yomwe imayenda pamwamba pa njira yotetezeka. Osasokonezedwa ndi (Simple File Transfer Protocol), yomwe ili ndi chidule chomwechi. Ngati FTPS ikungowonjezera FTP, ndiye kuti SFTP ndi njira yosiyana komanso yosagwirizana yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito SSH (Secure Shell) monga maziko ake.

Chigoba Chotetezeka

Ndondomekoyi idapangidwa ndi gulu limodzi la IETF lotchedwa Secsh. Zolemba zogwirira ntchito za protocol yatsopano ya SFTP sizinakhale zovomerezeka, koma zidayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu pakupititsa patsogolo ntchito. Pambuyo pake, mitundu isanu ndi umodzi ya protocol idatulutsidwa. Komabe, kuwonjezeka kwapang'onopang'ono kwa magwiridwe antchito momwemo kudapangitsa kuti pa Ogasiti 14, 2006, adaganiza zosiya kugwira ntchito pakukula kwa protocol chifukwa chomaliza ntchito yayikulu (SSH Development) ndi kusowa. wa mlingo wokwanira wa akatswiri kuti apite patsogolo pa chitukuko cha pulogalamu yamtundu wamtundu wakutali.

SSH ndi protocol ya netiweki yomwe imalola kuwongolera kwakutali kwa makina ogwiritsira ntchito ndikuwongolera maulumikizidwe a TCP (mwachitsanzo, kusamutsa mafayilo). Zofanana ndi magwiridwe antchito a Telnet ndi ma protocol a rlogin, koma, mosiyana ndi iwo, amabisa magalimoto onse, kuphatikiza mapasiwedi otumizidwa. SSH imalola kusankha ma aligorivimu osiyanasiyana obisa. Makasitomala a SSH ndi ma seva a SSH amapezeka pamakina ambiri ogwiritsira ntchito maukonde.

SSH imakupatsani mwayi wosamutsa pafupifupi protocol ina iliyonse pamalo osatetezedwa. Chifukwa chake, simungangogwira ntchito patali pakompyuta yanu kudzera mu chipolopolo cholamula, komanso kufalitsa mawu kapena kanema (mwachitsanzo, kuchokera pa webukamu) panjira yobisidwa. SSH itha kugwiritsanso ntchito kuphatikizika kwa data yotumizidwa kuti ibisike, yomwe ndi yabwino, mwachitsanzo, poyambitsa makasitomala a X WindowSystem.

Mtundu woyamba wa protocol, SSH-1, idapangidwa mu 1995 ndi wofufuza Tatu Ulönen waku Helsinki University of Technology (Finland). SSH-1 idalembedwa kuti ipereke zinsinsi zazikulu kuposa ma rlogin, telnet, ndi rsh protocol. Mu 1996, njira yotetezeka kwambiri ya protocol, SSH-2, idapangidwa, yomwe sigwirizana ndi SSH-1. Ndondomekoyi idatchuka kwambiri, ndipo pofika 2000 inali ndi ogwiritsa ntchito pafupifupi mamiliyoni awiri. Pakadali pano, mawu oti "SSH" nthawi zambiri amatanthauza SSH-2, chifukwa Mtundu woyamba wa protocol tsopano sunagwiritsidwe ntchito chifukwa cha zolakwika zazikulu. Mu 2006, protocol idavomerezedwa ndi gulu la IETF ngati mulingo wapaintaneti.

Pali njira ziwiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa SSH: malonda achinsinsi komanso gwero laulere. Kukhazikitsa kwaulere kumatchedwa OpenSSH. Pofika chaka cha 2006, 80% ya makompyuta pa intaneti adagwiritsa ntchito OpenSSH. Kukhazikitsa kwa eni ake kumapangidwa ndi SSH Communications Security, kampani yathunthu ya Tectia Corporation, ndipo ndi yaulere kuti isagwiritsidwe ntchito popanda malonda. Zokhazikitsazi zimakhala ndi malamulo ofanana.

Protocol ya SSH-2, mosiyana ndi protocol ya telnet, imalimbana ndi ziwopsezo zapamsewu ("kununkhiza"), koma sizimalimbana ndi zida zapakati. Protocol ya SSH-2 imalimbananso ndi ziwembu za kubedwa, chifukwa ndizosatheka kujowina kapena kubera gawo lomwe lakhazikitsidwa kale.

Pofuna kupewa kuukira kwa munthu wapakati polumikizana ndi wolandila yemwe kiyi yake siidziwikabe kwa kasitomala, pulogalamu yamakasitomala imamuwonetsa wogwiritsa "chala chachikulu". Ndibwino kuti muyang'ane mosamala "chithunzi chofunikira" chowonetsedwa ndi pulogalamu yamakasitomala ndi chithunzithunzi chachinsinsi cha seva, makamaka chopezedwa kudzera mu njira zoyankhulirana zodalirika kapena payekha.

Thandizo la SSH likupezeka pamakina onse ngati UNIX, ndipo ambiri amakhala ndi kasitomala wa ssh ndi seva ngati zofunikira. Pali kukhazikitsidwa kwamakasitomala a SSH kwa omwe si a UNIX OS. Protocol idadziwika kwambiri pambuyo pakufalikira kwa owunikira magalimoto ndi njira zosokoneza magwiridwe antchito am'deralo, monga njira ina yothetsera vuto la Telnet protocol yoyendetsera mfundo zofunika.

Kulumikizana pogwiritsa ntchito SSH

Kuti mugwire ntchito kudzera pa SSH, muyenera seva ya SSH ndi kasitomala wa SSH. Seva imamvetsera zolumikizira kuchokera kumakina a kasitomala ndipo, kulumikizidwa kwakhazikitsidwa, kumatsimikizira, kenako kumayamba kutumikira kasitomala. Wothandizirayo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulowa mu makina akutali ndikuchita malamulo.

Kuyerekeza ndi FTPS

Chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimasiyanitsa SFTP kuchokera ku FTP yokhazikika ndi FTPS ndikuti SFTP imasunga malamulo onse, ma usernames, mapasiwedi ndi zinsinsi zina.

Ma protocol onse a FTPS ndi SFTP amagwiritsa ntchito ma asymmetric algorithms (RSA, DSA), ma symmetric algorithms (DES/3DES, AES, Twhofish, etc.), komanso kusinthana kofunikira. Kuti zitsimikizire, FTPS (kapena kuti mufotokoze bwino, SSL/TLS pa FTP) imagwiritsa ntchito masatifiketi a X.509, pomwe SFTP (SSH protocol) imagwiritsa ntchito makiyi a SSH.

Masatifiketi a X.509 ali ndi kiyi yapagulu komanso zambiri za satifiketi ya eni ake. Chidziwitsochi chimalola, kumbali ina, kutsimikizira kukhulupirika kwa satifiketi yokha, yowona komanso mwini wake wa satifiketiyo. Masatifiketi a X.509 ali ndi kiyi yachinsinsi yofananira, yomwe nthawi zambiri imasungidwa mosiyana ndi satifiketi pazifukwa zachitetezo.

Kiyi ya SSH imakhala ndi kiyi yapagulu yokha (kiyi yachinsinsi yofananira imasungidwa padera). Ilibe chidziwitso chilichonse chokhudza mwini wake wa kiyi. Kukhazikitsa kwina kwa SSH kumagwiritsa ntchito ziphaso za X.509 kuti zitsimikizidwe, koma sizitsimikizira tsatanetsatane wa satifiketi yonse - kiyi yapagulu yokha ndiyomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito (zomwe zimapangitsa kutsimikizika kotereku kusakwanira).

Pomaliza

Protocol ya FTP mosakayikira ikugwirabe ntchito yofunikira pakusunga ndi kugawa zidziwitso pamaneti ngakhale ali ndi zaka zolemekezeka. Ndilosavuta, logwira ntchito zambiri komanso lokhazikika. Mafayilo ambiri amafayilo amamangidwa pamaziko ake, popanda ntchito zaukadaulo zomwe sizingakhale zogwira mtima. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikosavuta kukhazikitsa, ndipo mapulogalamu a seva ndi kasitomala alipo pafupifupi mapulatifomu onse apano osati apano.

Komanso, matembenuzidwe ake otetezedwa amathetsa vuto lachinsinsi la data yosungidwa komanso yofalitsidwa masiku ano. Ma protocol onse awiriwa ali ndi zabwino ndi zoyipa zawo ndipo amagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana. M'malo omwe mafayilo amafunikira, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito FTPS, makamaka ngati FTP yachikale idagwiritsidwapo kale kale. SFTP imakhala yochepa kwambiri chifukwa chosagwirizana ndi ndondomeko yakale, koma imakhala yotetezeka kwambiri ndipo imakhala ndi ntchito zambiri, chifukwa ndi gawo la kayendetsedwe kakutali.

Mndandanda wa magwero

Source: www.habr.com

SFTP ndi FTPS protocol