Mbiri yamakono ya mkangano pakati pa Intel ndi AMD pamsika wa purosesa unayambira theka lachiwiri la 90s. Nyengo yakusintha kwakukulu ndikulowa m'malo ambiri, pomwe Intel Pentium idayikidwa ngati yankho lachilengedwe chonse, ndipo Intel Inside idakhala pafupifupi mawu odziwika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, idadziwika ndi masamba owala m'mbiri ya buluu yokha, komanso red - kuyambira m'badwo wa K6, AMD idachita mpikisano mosatopa ndi Intel m'magawo ambiri amsika. Komabe, zinali zomwe zidachitika pambuyo pake pang'ono - theka loyamba lazaka za m'ma XNUMX - zomwe zidatenga gawo lofunikira pakutulukira kwa zomangamanga za Core, zomwe zikadali pansi pa mzere wa Intel processor.
Mbiri yochepa, chiyambi ndi kusintha
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 2000 kumagwirizanitsidwa kwambiri ndi magawo angapo pakukula kwa mapurosesa - mpikisano wafupipafupi wa 1 GHz wosiyidwa, maonekedwe a purosesa yoyamba yapawiri-pachimake, ndi kumenyana koopsa kwa primacy mu gawo lalikulu la desktop. Pentium itasowa ntchito ndipo Athlon 64 X2 idalowa pamsika, Intel idayambitsa ma processor a Core generation, omwe adasintha kwambiri pakukula kwamakampani.
Mapurosesa oyamba a Core 2 Duo adalengezedwa kumapeto kwa Julayi 2006 - patatha chaka chimodzi atatulutsidwa Athlon 64 X2. Mu ntchito yake pa m'badwo watsopano, Intel ankatsogoleredwa makamaka ndi nkhani za kukhathamiritsa kamangidwe, kukwaniritsa zizindikiro zapamwamba mphamvu mphamvu kale m'mibadwo yoyamba ya zitsanzo zochokera Core zomangamanga, codenamed Conroe - iwo anali nthawi imodzi ndi theka kuposa Pentium 4, ndipo ndi phukusi lodziwika la kutentha kwa 65 W, zitsulo, mwinamwake , makina opanga mphamvu kwambiri pamsika panthawiyo. Kuchita ngati kuphatikizira (zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri), Intel idakhazikitsidwa mum'badwo watsopano wothandizira ntchito za 64-bit ndi zomangamanga za EM64T, malangizo atsopano a SSSE3, komanso phukusi laukadaulo la x86-based virtualization.
Core 2 Duo microprocessor imafa
Kuphatikiza apo, chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu za purosesa ya Conroe chinali chosungira chachikulu cha L2, zomwe zimakhudza magwiridwe antchito onse a purosesa zinali zowonekera kwambiri ngakhale pamenepo. Ataganiza zosiyanitsa magawo a purosesa, Intel adaletsa theka la 4 MB L2 cache kwa oimira achichepere a mzere (E6300 ndi E6400), potero amalemba gawo loyambirira. Komabe, zida zaukadaulo za Core (m'badwo wocheperako wa kutentha komanso mphamvu yayikulu yokhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito solder) idalola ogwiritsa ntchito apamwamba kuti akwaniritse ma frequency apamwamba kwambiri pamayankho aukadaulo apamwamba - ma boardboard apamwamba kwambiri adapangitsa kuti zitheke kupitilira basi ya FSB. , kuonjezera mafupipafupi a purosesa yaying'ono mpaka 3 GHz ndi kupitirira (kupereka kuwonjezeka kwa 60%), chifukwa chomwe makope opambana a E6400 amatha kupikisana ndi abale awo akuluakulu E6600 ndi E6700, ngakhale pamtengo wa kutentha kwakukulu. . Komabe, ngakhale kuchulukitsitsa pang'ono kunapangitsa kuti zitheke zotsatira zazikulu - mu ma benchmarks, mapurosesa akale adalowa m'malo mwa Athlon 64 X2 apamwamba, ndikuyika atsogoleri atsopano ndi zokonda za anthu.
Kuphatikiza apo, Intel idayambitsa kusintha kwenikweni - ma quad-core processors a banja la Kentsfield okhala ndi Q prefix, yomangidwa pa ma nanometers 65, koma pogwiritsa ntchito tchipisi ta Core 2 Duo pagawo limodzi. Atapeza mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu (pulatifomu idadya ndalama zofanana ndi makhiristo awiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyana), Intel kwa nthawi yoyamba inasonyeza momwe dongosolo lokhala ndi ulusi umodzi lingakhale lamphamvu - muzogwiritsira ntchito multimedia, archive ndi masewera olemetsa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito katundu wambiri. kufanana pamizere ingapo (mu 2007, awa anali Crysis ochititsa chidwi komanso ma Gears of War osachepera), kusiyana kwa magwiridwe antchito ndi kasinthidwe ka purosesa imodzi kumatha kukhala mpaka 100%, yomwe inali mwayi wodabwitsa kwa wogula aliyense. ndi Core 2 Quad-based system.
Kuyika ma C2D awiri pagawo limodzi - Core 2 Quad
Monga ndi mzere wa Pentium, mapurosesa othamanga kwambiri adasankhidwa Kwambiri ndi QX prefix, ndipo analipo kwa okonda ndi opanga makina a OEM pamtengo wokwera kwambiri. Korona wa m'badwo wa 65-nm anali QX6850 yokhala ndi ma frequency a 3 GHz ndi basi yothamanga ya FSB yomwe imagwira ntchito pafupipafupi 1333 MHz. Purosesa iyi idagulitsidwa $999.
Zoonadi, kupambana kwakukulu koteroko sikukanatha kukumana ndi mpikisano kuchokera ku AMD, koma chimphona chofiira panthawiyo chinali chisanasunthike pakupanga ma quad-core processors, kotero kuti athetse zinthu zatsopano kuchokera ku Intel, nsanja yoyesera ya Quad FX. , yopangidwa mogwirizana ndi NVidia, idawonetsedwa ndikulandira mtundu umodzi wokha wa boardboard ya ASUS L1N64, yopangidwa kuti igwiritse ntchito ma processor awiri a Athlon FX X2 ndi Opteron.
Chithunzi cha ASUS L1N64
Pulatifomuyo idakhala yosangalatsa yaukadaulo mwaukadaulo, koma misonkhano yambiri yaukadaulo, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zazikulu komanso magwiridwe antchito apakati (poyerekeza ndi QX6700 chitsanzo) sanalole kuti nsanjayo ipikisane bwino ndi gawo lapamwamba la msika. - Intel adapeza mphamvu, ndipo ma processor a Phenom FX okhala ndi ma cores anayi adawoneka ofiira okha mu Novembala 2007, pomwe mpikisanoyo anali wokonzeka kuchitapo kanthu.
Mzere wa Penryn, womwe kwenikweni umatchedwa kufa-shrink (kuchepetsa kukula kwa kufa) kwa tchipisi 65 nm kuyambira 2007, udayamba pamsika pa Januware 20, 2008 ndi ma processor a Wolfdale - patangotha ββββmiyezi iwiri yokha kuchokera kutulutsidwa kwa Phenom FX ya AMD. . Kusintha kwaukadaulo wa 2-nm pogwiritsa ntchito zida zaposachedwa kwambiri za dielectric ndi zida zopangira zidatilola kukulitsa mawonekedwe a zomangamanga za Core mopitilira apo. Mapurosesawo adalandira chithandizo cha SSE45, chithandizo cha zida zatsopano zopulumutsira mphamvu (monga Deep Power Down, yomwe imasiya kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu m'malo a hibernation pamitundu yama processors), komanso idakhala yozizira kwambiri - m'mayesero ena kusiyana kwake. amatha kufika madigiri 4.1 poyerekeza ndi mndandanda wam'mbuyo wa Conroe. Popeza kuchuluka kwa ma frequency ndi magwiridwe antchito, komanso kulandira cache yowonjezera ya L10 (ya Core 2 Duo voliyumu yake idakwera mpaka 2 MB), mapurosesa atsopano a Core adapeza malo awo otsogola pama benchmarks, ndikutsegulira njira yozunguliranso mpikisano wowopsa. chiyambi cha nyengo yatsopano. Nyengo zachipambano zomwe sizinachitikepo, nyengo zakuyimirira ndi bata. Nthawi ya Core i processors.
Gawo limodzi kutsogolo ndi zero kumbuyo. M'badwo woyamba Core i7
Kale mu Novembala 2008, Intel adayambitsa zomangamanga zatsopano za Nehalem, zomwe zidawonetsa kutulutsidwa kwa mapurosesa oyamba kuchokera ku mndandanda wa Core i, womwe umadziwika bwino kwa aliyense wogwiritsa ntchito masiku ano. Mosiyana ndi Core 2 Duo yodziwika bwino, zomangamanga za Nehalem poyambilira zidapereka ma cores anayi pa chip chimodzi, komanso zida zingapo zomanga zomwe tikudziwa kuchokera kuukadaulo wa AMD - wowongolera kukumbukira wophatikizika, chosungira chachitatu chogawana. , ndi mawonekedwe a QPI omwe amalowetsa HyperTransport.
Intel Core i7-970 microprocessor kufa
Ndi chowongolera kukumbukira chosunthika pansi pa chivundikiro cha purosesa, Intel idakakamizika kumanganso kachesi yonseyo, kuchepetsa kukula kwa cache ya L2 mokomera chosungira cha L3 cha 8 MB. Komabe, sitepe iyi inachititsa kuti kuchepetsa kwambiri chiwerengero cha zopempha, ndi kuchepetsa L2 cache kwa 256 KB pachimake chinakhala yankho lothandiza potengera liwiro la ntchito ndi mawerengedwe Mipikisano ulusi, kumene chochuluka cha katundu. idatumizidwa ku cache wamba L3.
Kuphatikiza pa kukonzanso cache, Intel adapita patsogolo ndi Nehalem, kupatsa mapurosesa othandizira DDR3 pafupipafupi 800 ndi 1066 MHz (komabe, miyezo yoyamba inali kutali ndi malire a mapurosesa awa), ndikuchotsa thandizo la DDR2, mosiyana ndi AMD, yomwe idagwiritsa ntchito mfundo yakubwerera m'mbuyo mu mapurosesa a Phenom II, omwe amapezeka pa AM2 + ndi sockets zatsopano za AM3. Woyang'anira kukumbukira yekha ku Nehalem amatha kugwira ntchito imodzi mwamitundu itatu yokhala ndi njira imodzi, ziwiri kapena zitatu zokumbukira pa basi ya 64, 128 kapena 192-bit, motero, chifukwa chomwe opanga ma boardboard amayika mpaka 6 DIMM DDR3 zolumikizira pa PCB. . Ponena za mawonekedwe a QPI, adalowa m'malo mwa basi ya FSB yomwe yachikale kale, ndikuwonjezera bandwidth ya nsanja osachepera kawiri - yomwe inali yankho labwino kwambiri pakuwona kukulitsa zofunikira pakukumbukira pafupipafupi.
Hyper-Threading yoyiwalika idabwerera ku Nehalem, ndikupatsa zida zinayi zamphamvu zokhala ndi zingwe zisanu ndi zitatu, ndikupangitsa "SMT yomweyo." M'malo mwake, HT idakhazikitsidwa ku Pentium, koma kuyambira pamenepo Intel sanaganizirepo mpaka pano.
Hyper-Threading Technology
Chinthu china chaumisiri cha m'badwo woyamba Core i chinali kubwereza pafupipafupi kwa cache ndi owongolera kukumbukira, kasinthidwe kamene kamakhudza kusintha magawo ofunikira mu BIOS - Intel adalimbikitsa kuwirikiza pafupipafupi kukumbukira kuti agwire bwino ntchito, koma ngakhale chinthu chaching'ono chotere. litha kukhala vuto kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ena, makamaka akamawonjezera mabasi a QPI (otchedwa BCLK basi), chifukwa mzere wokwera kwambiri wa i7-965 wokhala ndi chizindikiro cha Extreme Edition udalandira chochulukitsa osatsegulidwa, pomwe 940 ndi 920 zinali ndi ma frequency okhazikika. ndi ochulukitsa 22 ndi 20, motsatana.
Nehalem yakhala yayikulupo mwakuthupi (kukula kwa purosesa kwakula pang'ono poyerekeza ndi Core 2 Duo chifukwa chowongolera kukumbukira kumasunthidwa pansi pa chivundikiro) komanso pafupifupi.
Kuyerekeza kukula kwa purosesa
Chifukwa cha kuyang'anira "mwanzeru" dongosolo la mphamvu, PCU (Power-Control Unit) wolamulira, pamodzi ndi mawonekedwe a Turbo, adapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kupeza mafupipafupi (ndipo, chifukwa chake, kugwira ntchito) ngakhale popanda kusintha kwamanja, kokha. ku ma nameplate amtengo wa 130 W. Zowona, nthawi zambiri malirewa amatha kukankhidwira m'mbuyo pang'ono posintha makonzedwe a BIOS, kupeza 100-200 MHz yowonjezera.
Ponseponse, zomangamanga za Nehalem zinali ndi zambiri zomwe zingapereke - kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa mphamvu poyerekeza ndi Core 2 Duo, machitidwe amitundu yambiri, ma cores amphamvu ndi chithandizo chamakono atsopano.
Pali kusamvetsetsana kumodzi komwe kumakhudzana ndi m'badwo woyamba wa i7, ndiko kukhalapo kwazitsulo ziwiri za LGA1366 ndi LGA1156 zofanana (poyamba) Core i7. Komabe, zigawo ziwiri za malingaliro sizinali chifukwa cha zofuna za bungwe ladyera, koma kusintha kwa zomangamanga za Lynnfield, sitepe yotsatira pakupanga mzere wa purosesa wa Core i.
Ponena za mpikisano wochokera ku AMD, chimphona chofiira sichinafulumire kusinthira ku zomangamanga zatsopano, kuthamangira kuti zigwirizane ndi mayendedwe a Intel. Pogwiritsa ntchito K10 yabwino yakale, kampaniyo inatulutsa Phenom II, yomwe inakhala kusintha kwa teknoloji ya 45-nm ya Phenom ya m'badwo woyamba popanda kusintha kwakukulu kwa zomangamanga.
Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa dera lakufa, AMD inatha kugwiritsa ntchito malo owonjezera kuti mukhale ndi cache yochititsa chidwi ya L3, yomwe mumapangidwe ake (komanso makonzedwe azinthu pa chip) amafanana ndi zomwe Intel akupanga ndi Nehalem, koma zovuta zingapo chifukwa cha chikhumbo chachuma komanso kuyanjana m'mbuyo ndi nsanja yokalamba ya AM2.
Atakonza zolakwika mu ntchito ya Cool'n'Quiet, yomwe siinagwire ntchito m'badwo woyamba wa Phenom, AMD idatulutsa zosintha ziwiri za Phenom II, zoyamba zomwe zidaperekedwa kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ma chipsets akale a m'badwo wa AM2, ndipo yachiwiri - papulatifomu ya AM3 yosinthidwa ndi chithandizo cha kukumbukira kwa DDR3. Chinali chikhumbo chofuna kuthandizira mapurosesa atsopano pamabodi akale omwe adachita nthabwala zankhanza pa AMD (zomwe, komabe, zidzabwerezedwa m'tsogolomu) - chifukwa cha nsanja zomwe zili ngati mlatho wodekha wa kumpoto, Phenom watsopano. II X4 sinathe kugwira ntchito pamaulendo omwe amayembekezeka a basi ya uncore (wowongolera kukumbukira ndi cache ya L3), kutaya magwiridwe enanso pakukonzanso koyamba.
Komabe, Phenom II inali yotsika mtengo komanso yamphamvu yokwanira kuwonetsa zotsatira pamlingo wa m'badwo wakale wa Intel - womwe ndi Core 2 Quad. Inde, izi zimangotanthauza kuti AMD sinali wokonzeka kupikisana ndi Nehalem. Ayi.
Kenako Westmere anafika...
Westmere. Zotsika mtengo kuposa AMD, mwachangu kuposa Nehalem
Ubwino wa Phenom II, woperekedwa ndi chimphona chofiyira ngati njira yosinthira ndalama ku Q9400, uli muzinthu ziwiri. Choyamba ndi chodziwikiratu chogwirizana ndi nsanja ya AM2, yomwe idapeza mafani ambiri amakompyuta otsika mtengo pakutulutsidwa kwa m'badwo woyamba Phenom. Yachiwiri ndi mtengo wokoma, womwe ngakhale i7 9xx yokwera mtengo kapena yotsika mtengo (koma yosapindulitsanso) ma processor a Code 2 Quad angapo sangapikisane nawo. AMD inali kubetcha pakupezeka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri, osewera wamba komanso akatswiri odziwa bajeti, koma Intel anali kale ndi dongosolo lomenya makhadi onse a chipmaker ndi kumanzere kumodzi.
Pakatikati pake panali Westmere, chitukuko chotsatira cha Nehalem (chimake cha Bloomfield), chomwe chadziwonetsera chokha pakati pa okonda ndi omwe amakonda kutenga zabwino kwambiri. Panthawiyi, Intel adasiya mayankho okwera mtengo - malingaliro atsopano ozikidwa pa LGA1156 socket adataya wowongolera wa QPI, adalandira DMI yophweka, adapeza chowongolera chapawiri-channel DDR3, ndikuwongoleranso zina mwazinthu zomwe zili pansi pa Chivundikiro cha purosesa - nthawi ino idakhala woyang'anira PCI.
Ngakhale kuti Core i7-8xx yatsopano ndi Core i5-750 ndizofanana kukula kwa Core 2 Quad, chifukwa cha kusintha kwa 32 nm, kristaloyo idakhala yokulirapo kuposa ya Nehalem - yopereka nsembe. zotulutsa zowonjezera za QPI ndikuphatikiza chipika cha madoko a I / O, akatswiri a Intel adaphatikiza chowongolera cha PCI, chomwe chimakhala 25% ya malo a chip ndipo adapangidwa kuti achepetse kuchedwa kugwira ntchito ndi GPU, chifukwa njira zina za 16 PCI sizinali zochulukirapo.
Ku Westmere, mawonekedwe a Turbo adasinthidwanso, omangidwa pa mfundo ya "core cores - yochepa pafupipafupi", yomwe yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Intel mpaka pano. Malinga ndi malingaliro a mainjiniya, malire a 95 W (omwe ndi ndendende kuchuluka kwa zomwe zidasinthidwazo zimayenera kudya) sizinapezeke nthawi zonse m'mbuyomu chifukwa chogogomezera kukulitsa ma cores onse munthawi iliyonse. Njira yosinthidwa idapangitsa kuti zitheke kugwiritsa ntchito "smart" overclocking, ma frequency a dosing m'njira yoti pachimake chimodzi chikagwiritsidwa ntchito, enawo amazimitsidwa, ndikumasula mphamvu zowonjezera kuti ziwonjezeke pachimake. Mwanjira yosavuta yotere, zidapezeka kuti pakuwonjezera pachimake chimodzi, wogwiritsa ntchitoyo adafika pafupipafupi pawotchi, pomwe amadumphira awiri, anali otsika, ndipo pakuwongolera zonse zinayi, zinali zosafunika. Umu ndi momwe Intel idawonetsetsera kuchita bwino kwambiri pamasewera ambiri ndi mapulogalamu pogwiritsa ntchito ulusi umodzi kapena ziwiri, ndikusunga mphamvu zamagetsi zomwe AMD imangolota kale.
Power Control Unit, yomwe ili ndi udindo wogawa mphamvu pakati pa ma cores ndi ma modules ena pa chip, yakhalanso bwino kwambiri. Chifukwa chakusintha kwaukadaulo ndi kukonza kwaukadaulo pazida, Intel idakwanitsa kupanga njira yabwino momwe purosesa, pomwe ili yopanda pake, imatha kuwononga mphamvu ZONSE. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti kukwaniritsa izi sikukugwirizana ndi kusintha kwa kamangidwe - gawo loyang'anira PSU lidasunthira pansi pa chivundikiro cha Westmere popanda kusintha kulikonse, ndipo kungowonjezera zofunikira zazinthu ndi mtundu wonse zidapangitsa kuti zitheke kuchepetsa mafunde otuluka kuchokera ku ma cores olumikizidwa kupita ku ziro ( kapena pafupifupi zero) purosesa ndi ma module otsagana nawo ali mumkhalidwe wopanda pake.
Posinthana ndi chowongolera kukumbukira chanjira zitatu panjira ziwiri, Westmere akanataya ntchito, koma chifukwa chakuchulukirachulukira kukumbukira (1066 ya Nehalem yayikulu, ndi 1333 ya ngwazi ya gawo ili la nkhaniyi), yatsopano. i7 sikuti idangotaya ntchito, koma nthawi zina idakhala yachangu kuposa mapurosesa a Nehalem. Ngakhale pamapulogalamu omwe sagwiritsa ntchito ma cores onse anayi, i7 870 idakhala yofanana ndi mchimwene wake wamkulu chifukwa cha mwayi wa DDR3 pafupipafupi.
Masewero a i7 osinthidwa anali pafupifupi ofanana ndi yankho labwino kwambiri la m'badwo wam'mbuyomu - i7 975, yomwe idakwera mtengo kuwirikiza kawiri. Nthawi yomweyo, yankho laling'ono limakhala m'mphepete mwa Phenom II X4 965 BE, nthawi zina molimba mtima patsogolo pake, ndipo nthawi zina pang'ono.
Koma mtengowo unali ndendende vuto lomwe linasokoneza mafani onse a Intel - ndipo yankho mu mawonekedwe a $199 odabwitsa a Core i5 750 adakwanira aliyense mwangwiro. Inde, panalibe mawonekedwe a SMT apa, koma ma cores amphamvu ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri zidapangitsa kuti zitheke kupitilira purosesa yamtundu wa AMD, komanso kuchita zotsika mtengo kwambiri.
Izi zinali nthawi zamdima kwa a Reds, koma anali ndi ace mmwamba - purosesa ya AMD FX yatsopano inali pafupi kumasulidwa. Zowona, Intel sanabwere opanda zida.
Kubadwa kwa nthano ndi nkhondo yaikulu. Sandy Bridge vs AMD FX
Tikayang'ana mmbuyo pa mbiri ya ubale pakati pa zimphona ziwirizi, zikuwonekeratu kuti inali nthawi ya 2010-2011 yomwe idalumikizidwa ndi ziyembekezo zodabwitsa kwambiri za AMD, komanso mayankho opambana mosayembekezereka kwa Intel. Ngakhale makampani onsewa adayika pachiwopsezo powonetsa zomanga zatsopano, kwa a Reds kulengeza kwa m'badwo wotsatira kungakhale kowopsa, pomwe Intel, ambiri, analibe kukayika.
Pomwe Lynnfield anali kukonza zolakwika, Sandy Bridge adatengera mainjiniya kubwerera ku bolodi. Kusintha kwa 32 nm kunawonetsa kulengedwa kwa maziko a monolithic, osafanananso ndi mawonekedwe osiyana omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Nehalem, pomwe midadada iwiri yamagulu awiri adagawa kristalo kukhala magawo awiri, ndipo ma module achiwiri anali pambali. Pankhani ya Sandy Bridge, Intel adapanga mawonekedwe a monolithic, pomwe ma cores anali mu block imodzi, pogwiritsa ntchito cache wamba L3. Mapaipi akuluakulu omwe amapanga payipi ya ntchitoyo adakonzedwanso, ndipo basi yothamanga kwambiri imapereka kuchedwa kochepa pogwira ntchito ndi kukumbukira ndipo, chifukwa chake, ntchito yapamwamba kwambiri pa ntchito iliyonse.
Intel Core i7-2600k microprocessor kufa
Zithunzi zophatikizika zidawonekeranso pansi pa hood, yomwe imakhala ndi 20% ya chipangizocho m'derali - kwa nthawi yoyamba m'zaka zambiri, Intel idaganiza zothana ndi GPU yomwe idamangidwa. Ndipo ngakhale bonasi yotereyi ndiyosafunikira pamiyezo yamakadi akulu akulu, makhadi owoneka bwino a Sandy Bridge amatha kukhala osafunikira. Koma ngakhale ma transistors 112 miliyoni omwe adaperekedwa kwa chip graphics, ku Sandy Bridge akatswiri a Intel adadalira kukulitsa magwiridwe antchito popanda kuwonjezera malo ofera, omwe poyang'ana koyamba si ntchito yophweka - kufa kwa m'badwo wachitatu ndi 2 mm2 wamkulu kuposa Q9000 kamodzi inali ndi . Kodi mainjiniya a Intel adakwanitsa kuchita zodabwitsa? Tsopano yankho likuwoneka lodziwikiratu, koma tiyeni tipitilize kukhala osangalatsa. Tibwereranso ku izi posachedwa.
Kuphatikiza pa zomangamanga zatsopano, Sandy Bridge idakhalanso mzere waukulu kwambiri wama processor m'mbiri ya Intel. Ngati pa nthawi ya Lynnfield blues inapereka zitsanzo za 18 (11 za PC zam'manja ndi 7 za desktops), tsopano mndandanda wawo wawonjezeka kufika ku 29 (!) SKUs za mbiri zonse zomwe zingatheke. Ma PC apakompyuta adalandira 8 mwa iwo pakutulutsidwa - kuchokera ku i3-2100 mpaka i7-2600k. Mwanjira ina, magawo onse amsika adaphimbidwa. I3 yotsika mtengo kwambiri idaperekedwa $117, ndipo chiwongola dzanja chimawononga $317, yomwe inali yotsika mtengo kwambiri malinga ndi mibadwo yam'mbuyomu.
Pazowonetsa zamalonda, Intel adatcha Sandy Bridge "m'badwo wachiwiri wa ma processor a Core," ngakhale mwaukadaulo panali mibadwo itatu yotere isanachitike. Ma blues adalongosola malingaliro awo ndi chiwerengero cha mapurosesa, momwe chiwerengero pambuyo pa kutchulidwa kwa i * chinali chofanana ndi mbadwo - ndichifukwa chake ambiri amakhulupirirabe kuti Nehalem ndiyo yokha yomanga m'badwo woyamba i7.
Woyamba m'mbiri ya Intel, Sandy Bridge adalandira dzina la mapurosesa osatsegulidwa - chilembo K mu dzina lachitsanzo, kutanthauza kuchulukitsa kwaulere (monga AMD ankakonda kuchita, choyamba mu Black Edition mndandanda wa mapurosesa, ndiyeno paliponse). Koma, monga momwe zinalili ndi SMT, kukongola koteroko kunalipo kokha pa malipiro owonjezera komanso pa zitsanzo zochepa chabe.
Kuphatikiza pa mzere wakale, Sandy Bridge inalinso ndi mapurosesa olembedwa T ndi S, opangidwa ndi omanga makompyuta ndi makina onyamula. M'mbuyomu, Intel sanaganizire mozama gawo ili.
Ndi kusintha kwa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka multiplier ndi basi ya BCLK, Intel inaletsa kuthekera kowonjezera zitsanzo za Sandy Bridge popanda K index, motero kutseka njira yomwe inagwira ntchito bwino ku Nehalem. Chovuta chosiyana kwa ogwiritsa ntchito chinali dongosolo la "overclocking" laling'ono, lomwe linapangitsa kuti zikhale zotheka kukhazikitsa mtengo wafupipafupi wa Turbo kwa purosesa yomwe inaletsedwa ndi zosangalatsa za chitsanzo chosatsegulidwa. Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito overclocking kunja kwa bokosi imakhalabe yosasinthika ndi Lynnfield - pogwiritsira ntchito pachimake chimodzi, dongosolo limapanga maulendo apamwamba (kuphatikizapo kuzizira) pafupipafupi, ndipo ngati purosesa ili ndi katundu wambiri, ndiye kuti overclocking idzakhala yotsika kwambiri, koma pazitsulo zonse. .
Kuwonjezera pamanja kwamitundu yosatsegulidwa, m'malo mwake, kwatsika m'mbiri chifukwa cha ziwerengero zomwe Sandy Bridge idalola kuti zitheke ngakhale zitaphatikizidwa ndi chozizira chosavuta chomwe chimaperekedwa. 4.5 GHz popanda kugwiritsa ntchito kuzirala? Palibe amene anali atalumphapo kwambiri chonchi. Osanenanso kuti ngakhale 5 GHz inali yotheka kale kuchokera pakuwona kopitilira muyeso ndikuzizira kokwanira.
Pamodzi ndi zopangapanga, Sandy Bridge idatsagana ndi luso laukadaulo - nsanja yatsopano ya LGA1155 yokhala ndi chithandizo cha SATA 6 Gb/s, mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe a UEFI a BIOS, ndi zinthu zina zazing'ono zosangalatsa. Pulatifomu yomwe yasinthidwa idalandira chithandizo chamtundu wa HDMI 1.4a, Blu-Ray 3D ndi DTS HD-MA, chifukwa chake, mosiyana ndi mayankho apakompyuta ozikidwa pa Westmere (Clarkdale pachimake), Sandy Bridge sanakumane ndi zovuta zosasangalatsa potulutsa kanema ku ma TV amakono komanso kusewera makanema pamafelemu 24, zomwe mosakayikira zidasangalatsa okonda zisudzo kunyumba.
Komabe, zinthu zinali zabwinoko kuchokera pamawonekedwe a mapulogalamu, chifukwa kunali ndi kutulutsidwa kwa Sandy Bridge komwe Intel adayambitsa ukadaulo wawo wodziwika bwino wojambula makanema pogwiritsa ntchito zida za CPU - Quick Sync, yomwe idakhala yankho labwino kwambiri pogwira ntchito ndi kanema. . Masewero a Intel HD Graphics, ndithudi, sanatilole kunena kuti kufunikira kwa makadi a kanema tsopano ndi chinthu chakale, komabe, Intel mwiniwakeyo adazindikira kuti kwa GPU yogula $ 50 kapena zochepa, chip graphics chawo chikhoza. kukhala mpikisano kwambiri, amene sanali kutali ndi choonadi - pa nthawi kumasulidwa, Intel anasonyeza ntchito 2500k zithunzi pachimake pa mlingo wa HD5450 - yotsika mtengo kwambiri AMD Radeon zithunzi khadi.
Intel Core i5 2500k imatengedwa ngati purosesa yotchuka kwambiri. Izi sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa chifukwa cha ochulukitsira osatsegulidwa, solder pansi pa chivundikirocho ndi kutentha kochepa, yakhala nthano yeniyeni pakati pa ma overclockers.
Masewero a Sandy Bridge adatsimikiziranso zomwe Intel adachita m'badwo wam'mbuyomu - kuti apereke magwiridwe antchito molingana ndi mayankho abwino kwambiri a Nehalem omwe amawononga $999. Ndipo chimphona chabuluu chinapambana - pamtengo wocheperako wopitilira $ 300, wogwiritsa ntchitoyo adalandira magwiridwe antchito ofanana ndi i7 980X, yomwe inkawoneka ngati yosatheka miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yapitayo. Inde, mawonekedwe atsopano sanagonjetsedwe ndi mbadwo wachitatu (kapena wachiwiri?) wa Core processors, monga momwe zinalili ndi Nehalem, koma kuchepa kwakukulu kwa mtengo wa mayankho omwe amawakonda kunapangitsa kuti zikhale zotheka kukhala "anthu" enieni. kusankha.
Intel Kore i5-2500k
Zikuwoneka kuti nthawi yakwana yoti AMD iyambe ndi zomangamanga zatsopano, koma tidayenera kudikirira pang'ono kuti tiwonekere mpikisano weniweni - ndi kumasulidwa kwachipambano kwa Sandy Bridge, zida za chimphona chofiira zinaphatikizapo Phenom yowonjezera pang'ono. Mzere wa II, wowonjezeredwa ndi mayankho ozikidwa pa Thuban cores - odziwika bwino a sikisi-core X6 1055 processors ndi 1090T. Ma processor awa, ngakhale asintha pang'ono zomangamanga, amatha kudzitamandira kubwereranso kwaukadaulo wa Turbo Core, momwe mfundo yosinthira ma cores imabwereranso pakusintha kwa aliyense wa iwo, monga momwe zinalili mu Phenom yoyambirira. Chifukwa cha kusinthasintha uku, njira zogwirira ntchito zotsika mtengo kwambiri (zotsika pafupipafupi mumayendedwe osagwira ntchito mpaka 800 MHz) komanso mawonekedwe ankhanza (ma cores opitilira 500 MHz pamwamba pa ma frequency a fakitale) adakhala zotheka. Kupanda kutero, Thuban sanali wosiyana ndi abale ake ang'onoang'ono pamndandanda, ndipo ma cores ake awiri owonjezera adagwira ntchito ngati chinyengo chamsika cha AMD, chopereka ma cores ambiri pamtengo wocheperako.
Tsoka, chiwerengero chokulirapo cha ma cores sichinatanthauze ntchito yaikulu - mu mayesero a masewera, X6 1090T inkafuna kufika pamtunda wa Clarkdale wapansi, pokhapokha nthawi zina zimatsutsa ntchito ya i5 750. Kuchita kochepa pa core, 125 W ya kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi zolakwika zina zapamwamba zamamangidwe a Phenom II, omwe akadali pa 45 nm, sanalole a Reds kukakamiza mpikisano wovuta pa Core m'badwo woyamba ndi abale ake osinthidwa. Ndipo ndi kutulutsidwa kwa Sandy Bridge, kufunikira kwa X6 kunazimiririka, kukhalabe kosangalatsa kwa kagulu kakang'ono ka ogwiritsa ntchito mafani.
Kuyankha mokweza kwa AMD pazogulitsa zatsopano kuchokera ku Intel kudatsatiridwa mu 2011, pomwe mzere watsopano wa mapurosesa a AMD FX kutengera kamangidwe ka Bulldozer. Kukumbukira mndandanda wopambana kwambiri wa mapurosesa ake, AMD sinakhale wodzichepetsa, ndipo inatsindikanso zokhumba zake zodabwitsa ndi zolinga zamtsogolo - m'badwo watsopano udalonjeza, monga kale, zida zambiri za msika wa desktop, zomangamanga zatsopano, ndipo, ndithudi. , magwiridwe antchito odabwitsa m'magulu amitengo mpaka magwiridwe antchito.
Kuchokera pamawonedwe omanga, Bulldozer adawoneka molimba mtima - makonzedwe osinthika a ma cores mu midadada inayi pa cache wamba L3 pansi pamikhalidwe yabwino adapangidwa kuti awonetsetse kuti magwiridwe antchito amtundu wamitundu yambiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito, komabe, chifukwa chofuna kusunga kugwirizana. ndi nsanja yokalamba ya AM2, AMD idaganiza zosunga chivundikiro cha purosesa ya wowongolera mlatho wakumpoto, ndikupanga imodzi mwamavuto ofunikira kwambiri pazaka zotsatila.
Crystal Bulldozer
Ngakhale ma cores 4 akuthupi, ma processor a Bulldozer adaperekedwa kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ngati eyiti-core - izi zidachitika chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa ma cores awiri omveka pagawo lililonse lakompyuta. Aliyense wa iwo adadzitamandira cache yake yayikulu ya 2 MB L2, decoder, 256 KB buffer yophunzitsira ndi gawo loyandama. Kupatukana kumeneku kwa magawo ogwira ntchito kunapangitsa kuti zitheke kupereka kusanthula kwa data mu ulusi eyiti, kutsindika kutsindika kwa zomangamanga zatsopano zamtsogolo. Bulldozer inalandira chithandizo cha SSE4.2 ndi AESNI, ndipo gawo limodzi la FPU pamtundu uliwonse wakuthupi linatha kuchita malangizo a 256-bit AVX.
Tsoka ilo kwa AMD, Intel yayambitsa kale Sandy Bridge, kotero zofunikira za gawo la purosesa zawonjezeka kwambiri. Pamtengo wocheperapo pa X6 1090T, wogwiritsa ntchito wamba amatha kugula i5 2500k yabwino ndikupeza magwiridwe antchito molingana ndi zopereka zabwino kwambiri zamtundu womaliza, ndipo ma Reds amafunikiranso kuchita chimodzimodzi. Tsoka, zenizeni za nthawi yotulutsidwa zinali ndi malingaliro awoawo pankhaniyi.
Kale ma cores 6 a Phenom II akale anali omasuka nthawi zambiri, osasiyapo ulusi zisanu ndi zitatu za AMD FX - chifukwa chamasewera ambiri ndi mapulogalamu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ulusi wa 1-2, nthawi zina mpaka ulusi wa 4, chinthu chatsopano. kuchokera ku kampu yofiyira idangokhala yothamanga pang'ono m'mbuyomu Phenom II, kutaya 2500k mopanda chiyembekezo. Ngakhale zabwino zina pazantchito zamaluso (mwachitsanzo, pakusunga deta), chiwonetsero chazithunzi FX-8150 chidakhala chosasangalatsa kwa ogula omwe adachititsidwa khungu ndi mphamvu ya i5 2500k. Kusinthaku sikunachitike, ndipo mbiri sinabwerezenso. Ndikoyenera kutchula mayeso opangidwa ndi WinRAR, omwe anali ndi ulusi wambiri, pomwe pakugwira ntchito zenizeni, wosunga zakale adagwiritsa ntchito ulusi awiri okha.
Mlatho wina. Ivy Bridge kapena mukuyembekezera
Chitsanzo cha AMD chinali chisonyezero cha zinthu zambiri, koma choyamba chinagogomezera kufunika kopanga mtundu wina wa maziko omwe amamanga bwino (m'mbali zonse) zomangamanga za purosesa. Umu ndi momwe AMD idakhalira yabwino kwambiri mu nthawi ya K7/K8, ndipo zinali chifukwa cha zomwe Intel idatenga malo awo ndikutulutsidwa kwa Sandy Bridge.
Zokonza zomangamanga sizinathandize pamene kuphatikizika kopambana-kupambana kudawonekera m'manja mwa Blues - ma cores amphamvu, TDP yokhazikika komanso mawonekedwe otsimikizika a nsanja pa basi ya mphete, mwachangu kwambiri komanso moyenera pa ntchito iliyonse. Tsopano zonse zomwe zidatsala ndikuphatikiza kupambana, kugwiritsa ntchito zonse zomwe zidabwera kale - ndipo izi ndizopambana zomwe Ivy Bridge yosinthira, yachitatu (monga momwe Intel amanenera) m'badwo wa ma processor a Core, idakhala.
Mwina kusintha kwakukulu kuchokera pamawonekedwe omanga kunali kusuntha kwa Intel kupita ku 22 nm - osati kudumpha, koma sitepe yodalirika yochepetsera kukula kwa kufa, komwe kunakhalanso kakang'ono kuposa kamene kanayambitsa. Mwa njira, kukula kwa purosesa ya AMD FX-8150 ndi teknoloji yakale ya 32 nm inali 315 mm2, pamene purosesa ya Intel Core i5-3570 inali ndi kukula kwake kuposa theka lalikulu: 133 mm2.
Panthawiyi, Intel adadaliranso zojambula pa bolodi, ndikuyika malo ochulukirapo pa chip - ngakhale pang'ono chabe. Zina zonse za chip topology sizinasinthe - midadada inayi ya cores yokhala ndi chotchinga chodziwika bwino cha L3, chowongolera kukumbukira komanso chowongolera cha I / O. Wina anganene kuti kapangidwe kake kakuwoneka kofanana modabwitsa, koma chimenecho chinali maziko a nsanja ya Ivy Bridge - kusunga zabwino kwambiri za Sandy, ndikuwonjezera zowonjezera kunkhokwe yonse.
Crystal Ivy Bridge
Chifukwa cha kusintha kwaukadaulo wocheperako, Intel idachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zonse zama processor mpaka 77 W - kuchokera pa 95 pa m'badwo wakale. Komabe, ziyembekezo za zotsatira zowonjezereka zowonjezereka sizinali zomveka - chifukwa cha chikhalidwe cha Ivy Bridge, kukwaniritsa maulendo apamwamba kumafunika ma voltages akuluakulu kusiyana ndi Sandy, kotero panalibe kuthamangira kwapadera kukhazikitsa zolemba ndi banja la mapurosesa. Komanso, kusintha mawonekedwe amafuta pakati pa chivundikiro chogawa chamafuta cha purosesa ndi chip chake kuchokera ku solder kupita ku phala lamafuta sikunali koyenera kupitilira.
Mwamwayi kwa eni ake a Core m'badwo wakale, socket sinasinthe, ndipo purosesa yatsopanoyo imatha kuyikidwa mosavuta mu boardboard yapitayi. Komabe, ma chipsets atsopano adapereka zokondweretsa monga chithandizo cha USB 3.0, kotero ogwiritsa ntchito omwe amatsatira zaukadaulo mwina adathamangira kukagula bolodi yatsopano pa Z-chipset.
Kuchita konse kwa Ivy Bridge sikunachuluke kwambiri kotero kuti kutchedwa kusintha kwina, koma mosasintha. M'ntchito zamaluso, 3770k inawonetsa zotsatira zofanana ndi akatswiri a X-series processors, ndipo m'masewera anali patsogolo pa omwe anali okondedwa 2600k ndi 2700k ndi kusiyana kwa pafupifupi 10%. Ena angaganize kuti izi sizokwanira kukweza, koma Sandy Bridge imatengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa mabanja okhalitsa kwambiri m'mbiri pazifukwa.
Pomaliza, ngakhale ogwiritsa ntchito ma PC olemera kwambiri amasewera adatha kumverera patsogolo - Intel HD Graphics 4000 idakhala yothamanga kwambiri kuposa m'badwo wam'mbuyomu, ikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwapakati pa 30-40%, komanso idalandira thandizo la DirectX 11. Tsopano zinali zotheka kusewera masewera otchuka pazikhazikiko zapakatikati, kuchita bwino.
Kuti tifotokoze mwachidule, Ivy Bridge inali yowonjezera ku banja la Intel, kupeΕ΅a zoopsa zamtundu uliwonse kuchokera kuzinthu zamakono, ndikutsatira mfundo ya tick-tock yomwe Blues sanapatukepo. The Reds adayesa kuchita ntchito yayikulu pazolakwazo mu mawonekedwe a Piledriver - m'badwo watsopano wamawonekedwe akale.
32 nm yachikale sinalole AMD kuchita kusintha kwina, kotero Piledriver adayitanidwa kuti akonze zolakwika za Bulldozer, kulabadira mbali zofooka za zomangamanga za AMD FX. Zambezi cores adasinthidwa ndi Vishera, zomwe zinaphatikizapo kusintha kwina kuchokera ku mayankho ochokera ku Triniti - mapurosesa a mafoni a chimphona chofiira, koma TDP inakhalabe yosasinthika - 125 W ya chitsanzo cha flagship ndi index ya 8350. Mwamapangidwe, zinali zofanana ndi mchimwene wake wamkulu. , koma kukonza zomangamanga ndi kuwonjezeka kwafupipafupi ndi 400 MHz kunatilola kuti tigwire.
Makanema otsatsira a AMD madzulo a kutulutsidwa kwa Bulldozer adalonjeza mafani a mtunduwo kuwonjezeka kwa 10-15% kwa magwiridwe antchito kuchokera ku mibadwomibadwo, koma kutulutsidwa kwa Sandy Bridge ndi kulumpha kwakukulu sikunalole kuti malonjezo awa atchulidwe kuti ndi ofunitsitsa kwambiri. - tsopano Ivy Bridge inali kale pamashelefu, ikukankhira mmbuyo malire apamwamba a zokolola zopitirira. Pofuna kupewa kulakwitsa kachiwiri, AMD idayambitsa Vishera ngati njira ina yopitira gawo la bajeti la mzere wa Ivy Bridge - 8350 idatsutsana ndi i5-3570K, zomwe sizinali chifukwa cha kuchenjeza kwa Reds, komanso kwa kampaniyo. ndondomeko yamitengo. Piledriver yodziwika bwino idapezeka kwa anthu kwa $ 199, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti zikhale zotsika mtengo kuposa wopikisana naye - komabe, zomwezi sizinganenedwe motsimikiza za magwiridwe antchito.
Ntchito zaukatswiri zinali malo owala kwambiri a FX-8350 kuwulula kuthekera kwake - ma cores adagwira ntchito mwachangu momwe angathere, ndipo nthawi zina chatsopano kuchokera ku AMD chinali patsogolo pa 3770k, koma pomwe ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri adayang'ana (masewera amasewera), purosesa inawonetsa zotsatira zofanana ndi i7-920, ndipo bwino osati kutali kwambiri ndi 2500k. Komabe, izi sizidadabwitsa aliyense - 8350 inali yopindulitsa kwambiri 20% kuposa 8150 pa ntchito zomwezo, pamene TDP sinasinthe. Ntchito yokonza zolakwikazo inali yopambana, ngakhale kuti sizinali zowala monga momwe ambiri akadafunira.
Mbiri yapadziko lonse yopitilira purosesa ya AMD FX 8370 idakwaniritsidwa ndi Finnish overclocker The Stilt mu Ogasiti 2014. Anatha kuwongolera kristalo mpaka 8722,78 MHz.
Haswell: Zabwino kwambiri kuti ndinenenso
Njira yomanga ya Intel, monga momwe tawonera kale, yapeza tanthauzo lake lagolide - kumamatira ku chiwembu chokhazikitsidwa bwino pomanga zomanga zopambana, kuwongolera mbali zonse. Sandy Bridge idakhala woyambitsa zomangamanga bwino zozikidwa pa basi ya mphete ndi gawo logwirizana, Ivy Bridge idawongolera potengera ma hardware ndi magetsi, ndipo Haswell adakhala mtundu wopitilira zomwe zidalipo kale, ndikulonjeza miyezo yatsopano yaukadaulo ndi magwiridwe antchito. .
Makanema opangidwa ndi Intel adawonetsa mofatsa kuti zomangazo sizisintha. Zosinthazi zidangokhudzanso zina mwanjira yokhathamiritsa - madoko atsopano adawonjezedwa kwa woyang'anira ntchito, cache ya L1 ndi L2 idakongoletsedwa, komanso buffer ya TLB pomaliza. Ndizosatheka kusazindikira kusintha kwa PCB controller, yomwe imayang'anira ntchitoyo m'njira zosiyanasiyana komanso ndalama zofananira nazo. Mwachidule, pakupuma Haswell wakhala wolemera kwambiri kuposa Ivy Bridge, koma panalibe zonena za kuchepa kwathunthu kwa TDP.
Ma board a mama otsogola omwe ali ndi chithandizo cha ma module othamanga kwambiri a DDR3 adapatsa okonda chisangalalo, koma potengera kupitilira muyeso zonse zidakhala zachisoni - zotsatira za Haswell zinali zoyipa kwambiri kuposa m'badwo wam'mbuyomu, ndipo izi zidachitika makamaka chifukwa cha kusintha kwa zinthu. malo ena otentha, omwe ndi aulesi okhawo sachita nthabwala tsopano. Zithunzi zophatikizika zidalandiranso zopindulitsa (chifukwa chakuchulukirachulukira kwa ma laputopu osunthika), koma motsutsana ndi kusowa kwa kukula kowonekera mu IPC, Haswell adatchedwa "Hasfail" chifukwa cha kuchuluka komvetsa chisoni kwa 5-10% poyerekeza. kwa m'badwo wakale. Izi, kuphatikizidwa ndi zovuta zopanga, zidapangitsa kuti Broadwell - m'badwo wotsatira wa Intel - idasandulika nthano yomwe sinalipo, chifukwa kutulutsidwa kwake pamapulatifomu am'manja ndikupumira kwa chaka chathunthu kudasokoneza malingaliro onse ogwiritsa ntchito. Kuti athetse vutoli mwanjira ina, Intel adatulutsa Haswell Refresh, yemwe amadziwikanso kuti Devil Canyon - komabe, mfundo yake yonse inali kukulitsa ma frequency a Haswell processors (4770k ndi 4670k), kotero sitipereka gawo lina kwa izo.
Broadwell-H: Ngakhale ndalama zambiri, ngakhale mwachangu
Kupumula kwanthawi yayitali pakutulutsidwa kwa Broadwell-H kudachitika chifukwa cha zovuta zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusintha kwaukadaulo watsopano, komabe, ngati titafufuza mozama za zomangamanga, zikuwonekeratu kuti magwiridwe antchito a Intel processors afika pamlingo wosatheka ndi omwe akupikisana nawo. kuchokera ku AMD. Koma izi sizikutanthauza kuti a Reds akuwononga nthawi yawo - chifukwa cha ndalama mu APUs, mayankho ozikidwa pa Kaveri anali ofunikira kwambiri, ndipo zitsanzo zakale za mndandanda wa A8 zitha kuyambitsa mosavuta zithunzi zilizonse zophatikizidwa kuchokera ku Blues. Zikuwoneka kuti Intel sanasangalale ndi momwe zinthu ziliri - chifukwa chake chithunzi cha Iris Pro chidakhala ndi malo apadera muzomangamanga za Broadwell-H.
Kuphatikizidwa ndi kusintha kwa 14 nm, kukula kwa Broadwell-H kufa kumakhalabe komweko - koma mawonekedwe ophatikizika adatilola kuyang'ana kwambiri pakuwonjezera mphamvu yazithunzi. Pambuyo pake, zinali pa laputopu ndi malo ochezera a pa TV omwe Broadwell adapeza nyumba yake yoyamba, kotero kuti zatsopano monga kuthandizira kusindikiza kwa hardware za HEVC (H.265) ndi VP9 zikuwoneka kuposa zomveka.
Intel Core i7-5775C microprocessor chip
Krustalo ya eDRAM ikuyenera kutchulidwa mwapadera, idatenga malo osiyana pagawo la kristalo ndipo idakhala mtundu wachitetezo cha data-liwiro - L4 cache - yama processor cores. Kuchita kwake komwe kunatipangitsa kuwerengera pa sitepe yaikulu patsogolo pa ntchito zaukatswiri zomwe zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi liwiro la kusungitsa deta yosungidwa. Woyang'anira eDRAM adatenga malo pa purosesa yayikulu; mainjiniya adagwiritsa ntchito kuti asinthe malo omwe adakhala omasuka atasintha kupita kuukadaulo watsopano.
eDRAM idaphatikizidwanso kuti ifulumizitse magwiridwe antchito azithunzi zapa bolodi, imagwira ntchito ngati chosungira mwachangu - yokhala ndi mphamvu ya 128 MB, kuthekera kwake kumatha kufewetsa kwambiri ntchito ya GPU yomwe ili pa bolodi. M'malo mwake, zinali zolemekeza kristalo wa eDRAM kuti chilembo C chidawonjezedwa ku dzina la purosesa - Intel idatcha ukadaulo wothamanga kwambiri wa data pa chip Crystal Wall.
Mawonekedwe afupipafupi a chinthu chatsopanocho, modabwitsa, adakhala odzichepetsa kwambiri kuposa Haswell - wamkulu 5775C anali ndi ma frequency a 3.3 GHz, koma nthawi yomweyo amatha kudzitamandira ndi ochulukitsa osatsegulidwa. Ndi kuchepa kwa mafupipafupi, TDP inatsikanso - tsopano inali 65 W yokha, yomwe kwa purosesa ya mlingo uwu mwina ndi yabwino kwambiri, chifukwa ntchitoyo sinasinthe.
Ngakhale kuti anali ochepa kwambiri (mwa Sandy Bridge miyezo) yowonjezereka, Broadwell-H adadabwa ndi mphamvu zake zogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu, zomwe zinakhala zotsika mtengo komanso zozizira kwambiri pakati pa omwe akupikisana nawo, ndipo zithunzi zomwe zili pa bolodi zinali patsogolo pa mayankho ochokera ku banja la AMD A10, kusonyeza kuti kubetcherana pachimake zithunzi pansi pa hood kunali koyenera.
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti Broadwell-H idakhala yapakatikati kotero kuti mkati mwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mapurosesa otengera mapangidwe a Skylake adayambitsidwa, omwe adakhala m'badwo wachisanu ndi chimodzi m'banja la Core.
Skylake - Nthawi yosintha zinthu yapita kale
Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, mibadwo yambiri yadutsa kuchokera ku Sandy Bridge, koma palibe m'modzi wa iwo amene adadabwitsa anthu ndi chinthu chodabwitsa komanso chanzeru, kupatula, mwina, Broadwell-H - koma pamenepo zinali zambiri za kudumpha komwe sikunachitikepo muzithunzi. ndi machitidwe ake (poyerekeza ndi ma APU a AMD), m'malo mochita bwino kwambiri. Masiku a Nehalem apita ndithu ndipo sadzabwerera, koma Intel anapitirizabe kupita patsogolo pang'onopang'ono.
Zomangamanga, Skylake idakonzedwanso, ndipo mawonekedwe opingasa a mayunitsi apakompyuta adasinthidwa ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba, momwe ma cores amasiyanitsidwa ndi cache yogawana-LLC, ndipo pachimake champhamvu chazithunzi chili kumanzere.
Intel Core i7-6700k microprocessor kufa
Chifukwa cha luso lamakono, wolamulira wa eDRAM tsopano ali m'dera la I / O control unit monga chowonjezera pazithunzi zowonetsera zowonetsera kuti apereke chithunzithunzi chabwino kwambiri chojambula kuchokera pachimake chophatikizika chazithunzi. Chowongolera magetsi chomwe chinagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Haswell chinasowa pansi pa chivundikirocho, basi ya DMI idasinthidwa, ndipo chifukwa cha mfundo yoyendera kumbuyo, mapurosesa a Skylake adathandizira kukumbukira kwa DDR4 ndi DDR3 - mulingo watsopano wa SO-DIMM DDR3L unapangidwira iwo. , ikugwira ntchito pamagetsi otsika .
Nthawi yomweyo, munthu sangachitire mwina koma kuzindikira momwe Intel amalipira pakutsatsa m'badwo wotsatira wazithunzi zapa board - pankhani ya Skylake, inali kale yachisanu ndi chimodzi pamzere wabuluu. Intel amanyadira makamaka chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa ntchito, zomwe zinali zofunika kwambiri pa Broadwell, koma nthawi ino imalonjeza makamaka ochita masewera okonda bajeti mlingo wapamwamba kwambiri wa ntchito ndi chithandizo cha ma API onse amakono, kuphatikizapo DirectX 12. Mawonekedwe a graphics ndi gawo. za zomwe zimatchedwa System on Chip (SOC), zomwe Intel adalimbikitsanso mwachangu monga chitsanzo cha njira yopambana yomangamanga. Koma ngati mukukumbukira kuti chowongolera chamagetsi chophatikizika chazimiririka, ndipo kagawo kakang'ono kamagetsi kamadalira VRM ya boardboard, inde, Skylake sanafikebe pa SOC yodzaza. Palibe zolankhula konse za kuphatikiza chip bridge chakumwera pansi pa chivundikirocho.
Komabe, SOC apa imagwira ntchito ya mkhalapakati, mtundu wa "mlatho" pakati pa chip graphics cha Gen9, ma processor cores ndi controller I / O, yomwe imayang'anira kuyanjana kwa zigawo ndi purosesa ndi data processing. Nthawi yomweyo, Intel adatsindika kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi komanso njira zambiri zomwe Intel adachita polimbana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ma watts ochepa - Skylake imapereka "zipata zamphamvu" zosiyanasiyana (tiyeni tiwatchule kuti mphamvu) pagawo lililonse la SOC, kuphatikiza basi yothamanga kwambiri ya mphete, makina ojambulira ndi owongolera media. Dongosolo lamphamvu la P-state-based processor phase control system lasintha kukhala ukadaulo wa Speed ββββShift, womwe umapereka kusintha kosinthika pakati pa magawo osiyanasiyana (mwachitsanzo, mukadzuka mukamagona pakugwira ntchito kapena kuyambitsa masewera olemetsa mutatha kusefa pang'ono. ) ndikulinganiza mtengo wamagetsi pakati pa ma CPU omwe akugwira ntchito kuti akwaniritse bwino kwambiri mkati mwa TDP.
Chifukwa cha kukonzanso kogwirizana ndi kutha kwa wowongolera mphamvu, Intel adakakamizika kusuntha Skylake kupita ku socket yatsopano ya LGA1151, yomwe ma boardards otengera Z170 chipset adatulutsidwa, omwe adalandira chithandizo chanjira 20 PCI-E 3.0, USB 3.1 imodzi. Lembani doko A, kuchuluka kwa madoko a USB 3.0, thandizo la eSATA ndi ma drive a M2. Memory idanenedwa kuti imathandizira ma module a DDR4 okhala ndi ma frequency mpaka 3400 MHz.
Ponena za magwiridwe antchito, kutulutsidwa kwa Skylake sikunawonetse zododometsa zilizonse. Kuwonjezeka kwa magwiridwe antchito ndi asanu peresenti poyerekeza ndi Mdyerekezi Canyon kunasiya mafani ambiri ali odabwa, koma zinali zoonekeratu kuchokera muzithunzithunzi za Intel kuti chilimbikitso chachikulu chinali kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ndi kusinthasintha kwa nsanja yatsopano, yokhoza kukhala yoyenera kwa ma micro okwera mtengo. -ITX machitidwe ndi nsanja zapamwamba zamasewera. Ogwiritsa ntchito omwe amayembekezera kudumpha patsogolo kuchokera ku Sandy Bridge Skylake adakhumudwitsidwa; zomwe zidali zokumbutsa kutulutsidwa kwa Haswell; kutulutsidwa kwa socket yatsopano kunalinso kokhumudwitsa.
Tsopano ndi nthawi yoyembekezera Kaby Lake, chifukwa winawake, ndipo amayenera kukhala ...
Kaby Lake. Nyanja yatsopano ndi kufiira kosayembekezereka
Ngakhale lingaliro loyambirira la njira ya "tick-tock", Intel, pozindikira kusakhalapo kwa mpikisano uliwonse kuchokera ku AMD, adaganiza zokulitsa kuzungulira kulikonse mpaka magawo atatu, momwe, pambuyo poyambitsa zomangamanga zatsopano, yankho lomwe lilipo likuyengedwa pansi. dzina latsopano kwa zaka ziwiri zotsatira. Gawo la 14 nm linali Broadwell, lotsatiridwa ndi Skylake, ndi Kaby Lake, motero, linapangidwa kuti liwonetsere luso lamakono lapamwamba kwambiri poyerekeza ndi Nebesnozersk yapitayi.
Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa Kaby Lake ndi Skylake kunali kuwonjezeka kwa ma frequency ndi 200-300 MHz - onse potengera ma frequency ndi kulimbikitsa. Zomangamanga, m'badwo watsopanowu sunalandire kusintha kulikonse - ngakhale zithunzi zophatikizika, ngakhale kukonzanso zolembazo, zidakhalabe zomwezo, koma Intel adatulutsa chipset kutengera Z270 yatsopano, yomwe idawonjezera misewu 4 PCI-E 3.0 ku magwiridwe antchito am'mbuyomu. Sunrise Point, komanso kuthandizira kwaukadaulo wa Intel Optane Memory pazida zapamwamba za chimphonachi. Kuchulukitsa kodziyimira pawokha kwa zigawo za bolodi ndi zina za nsanja yapitayi zasungidwa, ndipo mapulogalamu a multimedia alandira ntchito ya AVX Offset, yomwe imalola kuchepetsa maulendo a purosesa pokonza malangizo a AVX kuti awonjezere kukhazikika pazitali zapamwamba.
Intel Core i7-7700k microprocessor kufa
Pankhani ya magwiridwe antchito, zida zatsopano za Core za m'badwo wachisanu ndi chiwiri kwa nthawi yoyamba zidakhala zofanana ndi zomwe zidawatsogolera - ataperekanso chidwi pakukhathamiritsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, Intel adayiwalatu za zatsopano zokhudzana ndi IPC. Komabe, mosiyana ndi Skylake, chipangizo chatsopanocho chinathetsa vuto la kutentha kwakukulu pamiyeso yowonjezereka kwambiri, ndipo zinapangitsanso kuti zikhale ngati m'masiku a Sandy Bridge, kupitirira purosesa ku 4.8-4.9 GHz ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zolimbitsa thupi komanso kutentha kochepa. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, overclocking yakhala yosavuta, ndipo purosesa yakhala yozizira madigiri 10-15, yomwe ingatchedwe zotsatira za kukhathamiritsa komweko, kuzungulira kwake komaliza.
Palibe amene akanatha kuganiza kuti AMD ikukonzekera kale yankho lenileni la zaka zambiri za chitukuko cha Intel. Dzina lake ndi AMD Ryzen.
AMD Ryzen - Pamene aliyense adaseka ndipo palibe amene adakhulupirira
Pambuyo pa Bulldozer yosinthidwa, zomangamanga za Piledriver zidayambitsidwa mu 2012, AMD idasamukira kumadera ena amsika wa processor, ndikutulutsa mizere ingapo yopambana ya APU, komanso njira zina zachuma komanso zonyamula. Komabe, kampaniyo sanaiwale za nkhondo yatsopano ya malo padzuwa pamakompyuta apakompyuta, kuwonetsa kufooka, koma nthawi yomweyo akugwira ntchito pa zomangamanga za Zen - yankho lenileni latsopano lokonzedwa kuti litsitsimutse mzimu womwe unatayika wa mpikisano mu CPU. msika.
Kuti apange chatsopanocho, AMD idatembenukira kwa Jim Keller, "bambo wa ma cores awiri" yemweyo yemwe ntchito yake idatsogolera chimphona chofiira kutchuka komanso kuzindikirika koyambirira kwa 2000s. Ndi iye amene, pamodzi ndi mainjiniya ena, adapanga zomanga zatsopano zomwe zidapangidwa kuti zikhale zachangu, zamphamvu komanso zatsopano. Tsoka ilo, aliyense adakumbukira kuti Bulldozer idakhazikitsidwa pa mfundo zomwezo - njira yosiyana idafunikira.
Jim Keller
Ndipo AMD idatenga mwayi pakutsatsa, kulengeza kuwonjezeka kwa 52% kwa IPC poyerekeza ndi m'badwo wa Excavator - ma cores aposachedwa kwambiri omwe adachokera ku Bulldozer yomweyo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti poyerekeza ndi 8150, mapurosesa a Zen adalonjeza kuti adzakhala oposa 60% mofulumira, ndipo izi zinakondweretsa aliyense. Poyamba, paziwonetsero za AMD amathera nthawi ku ntchito zaukatswiri, kufananiza purosesa yawo yatsopano ndi 5930K, ndipo kenako ndi 6800K, koma patapita nthawi adayambanso kuyankhula za vuto lamasewera - lomwe likuvutitsa kwambiri kuchokera kumalo ogulitsa. mawonekedwe. Koma ngakhale apa AMD anali okonzeka kumenya nkhondo.
Zomangamanga za Zen zimachokera ku teknoloji yatsopano ya 14 nm, ndi zomangamanga, zatsopano sizili zofanana ndi zomangamanga zochokera ku 2011. kukhala ndi ma cores anayi omwe akugwira ntchito . Monga momwe zilili ndi Skylake, owongolera machitidwe osiyanasiyana ali pagawo la chip, kuphatikiza njira 24 za PCI-E 3.0, zothandizira mpaka madoko 4 a USB 3.1 Type A, komanso chowongolera kukumbukira cha DDR4. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kukula kwa cache ya L3 - mumayankho apamwamba amafika 16 MB. Chigawo chilichonse chinalandira gawo lake loyandama (FPU), lomwe linathetsa vuto limodzi lalikulu la zomangamanga zakale. Kugwiritsa ntchito purosesa kwatsikanso kwambiri - pamtundu wa Ryzen 7 1800X idasankhidwa ku 95 W poyerekeza ndi 220 W pamitundu "yotentha kwambiri" (m'njira iliyonse) ya AMD FX.
AMD Ryzen 1800X microprocessor kufa
Kudzaza kwaukadaulo kudakhala kolemera muzatsopano - kotero mapurosesa atsopano a AMD adalandira matekinoloje atsopano pansi pamutu wa SenseMI, womwe umaphatikizapo Smart Prefetch (kutsitsa deta mu cache buffer kuti ifulumizitse magwiridwe antchito), Pure Power (makamaka analogue ya "zanzeru" zowongolera magetsi a purosesa ndi magawo ake, omwe akhazikitsidwa ku Skylake), Neural Net Prediction (algorithm yomwe imagwira ntchito motsatira mfundo za neural network yodziphunzira), komanso Extended Frequency. Range (kapena XFR), yopangidwa kuti ipatse ogwiritsa ntchito makina ozizirira apamwamba kwambiri okhala ndi ma frequency owonjezera a 100 MHz. Kwa nthawi yoyamba kuchokera pa Piledriver, overclocking sichinachitike ndi Turbo Core, koma ndi Precision Boost - ukadaulo wosinthidwa wowonjezera ma frequency kutengera katundu wa ma cores. Tawona ukadaulo wofananira kuchokera ku Intel kuyambira Sandy Bridge.
Zomangamanga zatsopano za Ryzen zakhazikitsidwa pa basi ya Infinity Fabric, yopangidwa kuti ilumikizane ndi ma cores onse ndi ma block awiri a CCX pa chip substrate. Mawonekedwe othamanga kwambiri adapangidwa kuti awonetsetse kulumikizana kwachangu kwambiri pakati pa ma cores ndi midadada, komanso kutha kukhazikitsidwa pamapulatifomu ena - mwachitsanzo, pa ma APU azachuma komanso makadi ojambula a AMD VEGA, pomwe basi idalumikizidwa ndi kukumbukira kwa HBM2. iyenera kugwira ntchito ndi bandwidth osachepera 512 Gb/s
Nsalu Zopanda Pakati
Zonsezi zimagwirizana ndi zolinga zokhumba zowonjezera mzere wa Zen ku nsanja zogwira ntchito kwambiri, ma seva ndi ma APU - kugwirizanitsa ntchito zopangira, monga nthawi zonse, kumabweretsa kupanga zotsika mtengo, ndipo mitengo yotsika mtengo nthawi zonse yakhala yovomerezeka ya AMD.
Poyamba, AMD inapereka Ryzen 7 yokha - zitsanzo zakale za mzerewu, zomwe zimayang'ana ogwiritsa ntchito osankhidwa kwambiri ndi opanga mafilimu, ndipo miyezi ingapo pambuyo pake adatsatiridwa ndi Ryzen 5 ndi Ryzen 3. Anali Ryzen 5 yomwe inakhalapo. mayankho owoneka bwino kwambiri pamitengo yonse komanso magwiridwe antchito amasewera, omwe Intel, kunena zoona, sanali okonzeka konse. Ndipo ngati pa gawo loyamba zinkaoneka kuti Ryzen anayenera kubwereza tsogolo la Bulldozer (ngakhale ndi digiri yaing'ono ya sewero), ndiye patapita nthawi zinaonekeratu kuti AMD anatha kukakamizanso mpikisano.
Mavuto akuluakulu ndi Ryzen anali ma nuances aukadaulo omwe amatsagana ndi eni ake kukonzanso koyambirira m'miyezi ingapo yoyambirira - chifukwa cha zovuta kukumbukira, Ryzen sanafulumire kulangizidwa kuti agulidwe, komanso kudalira kwa mapurosesa pafupipafupi pa RAM. mwachindunji analozera kufunika kwa ndalama zina. Komabe, ogwiritsa ntchito omwe adakumana ndi zosintha nthawi adapeza kuti ndi ma module othamanga kwambiri omwe amakonzedwa kuti azikhala ndi nthawi yochepa, Ryzen amatha kukankhira ngakhale 7700k, zomwe zidapangitsa chisangalalo chenicheni mumsasa wa fan wa AMD. Koma ngakhale popanda zokondweretsa zotere, banja la Ryzen 5 la processors linakhala lopambana kwambiri kotero kuti funde la malonda awo linakakamiza Intel kuti achite kusintha kwachangu pamamangidwe ake. Yankho pakuyenda bwino kwa AMD kunali kutulutsidwa kwaposachedwa (panthawi yolemba) zomangamanga za Coffee Lake, zomwe zidalandira ma cores 6 m'malo mwa anayi.
Coffee Lake. Madzi oundana athyoka
Ngakhale kuti 7700k inali ndi mutu wa purosesa yabwino kwambiri yamasewera kwa nthawi yayitali, AMD idakwanitsa kuchita bwino kwambiri pakati pa mzerewu, kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo yakale kwambiri ya "ma cores ambiri, koma otsika mtengo." Ryzen 1600 inali ndi ma cores 6 ndi ulusi wokulirapo wa 12, ndipo 7600k idakakamirabe pa 4 cores, kupatsa AMD kupambana kosavuta kwamalonda, makamaka mothandizidwa ndi owerengera ambiri ndi olemba mabulogu. Kenako Intel idasintha ndondomeko yotulutsidwa ndikuyambitsa Nyanja ya Coffee kumsika - osati maperesenti ena angapo ndi ma watts angapo, koma sitepe yakutsogolo.
Zowona, apanso zinachitidwa ndi kusungitsa malo. Miyendo isanu ndi umodzi yomwe ikuyembekezeredwa kwa nthawi yayitali, popanda chisangalalo cha SMT, idawonekera pamaziko a Skylake yemweyo, yomangidwa pa 14 nm. Ku Kaby Lake, maziko ake adasinthidwa, kuthetsa mavuto ndi overclocking ndi kutentha, ndipo mu Coffee Lake adasinthidwa kuti awonjezere chiwerengero cha zitsulo zazikulu ndi 2, ndikukonzedwa kuti azigwira ntchito mozizira komanso yokhazikika. Ngati tipenda zomangamanga kuchokera kuzinthu zatsopano, ndiye kuti palibe zatsopano (kupatulapo kuwonjezeka kwa ma cores) zomwe zawonekera ku Coffee Lake.
Intel Core i7-8700k microprocessor kufa
Koma panali zoperewera zaukadaulo zomwe zimalumikizidwa ndi kufunikira kwa ma boardard atsopano otengera Z370. Zoletsa izi zimalumikizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zamagetsi, popeza kuwonjezeredwa kwa ma cores asanu ndi limodzi ndikukonzanso dongosolo poganizira zakukula kwa kristalo komwe kumafunikira kukweza ma voliyumu ochepa. Monga tikukumbukira m'mbiri ya Broadwell, Intel wakhala akuyesetsa m'zaka zaposachedwa kuchita zosiyana - kuchepetsa mikangano kumbali zonse, koma tsopano njira iyi yafika pamapeto. Mwaukadaulo, LGA1151 idakhalabe yofanana, komabe, chifukwa cha chiwopsezo chowononga wowongolera wa VRM, Intel idachepetsa kuyanjana kwa purosesa ndi ma boardard am'mbuyomu, motero kudziteteza ku zovuta zomwe zingachitike (monga momwe zinalili ndi RX480 ndi PCI yoyaka ya AMD. - E zolumikizira). Z370 yosinthidwayo sichirikizanso kukumbukira kwa DDR3L yam'mbuyo, koma palibe amene amayembekezera kuyanjana koteroko.
Intel iwowo anali akukonzekera mtundu wosinthidwa wa nsanjayo mothandizidwa ndi USB 3.1 ya m'badwo wachiwiri, makadi okumbukira a SDXC ndi wowongolera wa Wi-Fi 802.11, kotero kuthamangitsidwa ndi Z370 kudakhala chimodzi mwazomwe zidachitika. zinapangitsa kuti zikhale zotheka kuzindikira maonekedwe a pulatifomu. Komabe, panali zodabwitsa zambiri ku Coffee Lake - ndipo gawo lina laiwo limayang'ana kwambiri pakuwonjezera.
Intel idachita chidwi kwambiri ndi izi, ndikugogomezera ntchito yomwe yachitika kuti akwaniritse njira yopititsira patsogolo - mwachitsanzo, ku Coffee Lake zidatheka kukonza makonzedwe angapo a sitepe ndi sitepe pazotengera zosiyanasiyana, kuthekera kosintha kukumbukira. nthawi osasiya makina ogwiritsira ntchito, kuthandizira kulikonse, ngakhale kuchulukitsa kosatheka kwa DDR4 (kuthandizidwa kwa ma frequency mpaka 8400 MHz), komanso mphamvu yowonjezera mphamvu yopangidwira katundu wambiri. Komabe, kwenikweni, overclocking 8700k anali kutali kwambiri zosaneneka - chifukwa chosatheka kwa mawonekedwe matenthedwe ntchito popanda delidding, purosesa nthawi zambiri okha 4.7-4.8 GHz, kufika kutentha kwambiri, koma ndi kusintha mawonekedwe izo zikanakhoza. onetsani zolemba zatsopano mumayendedwe a 5.2 kapena ngakhale 5.3 GHz. Komabe, ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri sanasangalale ndi izi, chifukwa chake kuthekera kopitilira muyeso kwa Nyanja ya Coffee yachisanu ndi chimodzi kumatha kutchedwa kuletsa. Inde, inde, Sandy sanayiwalebe.
Masewero a Coffee Lake sanawonetse zozizwitsa zapadera - ngakhale kuoneka kwa ma cores awiri a thupi ndi ulusi zinayi, 8700k panthawi yotulutsidwa inali ndi sitepe yofanana ya 5-10% poyerekeza ndi mbiri yakale. Inde, Ryzen sakanatha kupikisana nawo mu niche yamasewera, koma kuchokera pakuwona kusintha kwa zomangamanga, zikuwoneka kuti Coffee Lake ndi "pakali pano", koma osati "tick", yomwe Sandy Bridge inali mu 2011. .
Mwamwayi mafani a AMD, atatulutsidwa kwa Ryzen, kampaniyo idalengeza mapulani anthawi yayitali a socket ya AM4 ndi chitukuko cha zomangamanga za Zen mpaka 2020 - ndipo Coffee Lake itabweretsa chidwi ku gawo lapakati la Intel, inali nthawi. kwa Ryzen 2 - pambuyo pake. AMD iyenera kukhala ndi "pano" yake.
Choonadi chankhanzaSitikanawona Intel monga momwe ilili lero ngati sichinagwiritse ntchito mpikisano wopanda chilungamo kulimbikitsa malonda ake. Chifukwa chake mu Meyi 2009, kampaniyo idalipitsidwa ndi European Commission chindapusa cha $ 1,5 biliyoni yaku US chifukwa chopereka ziphuphu kwa opanga makompyuta ndi kampani imodzi yamalonda posankha mapurosesa kuchokera ku Intel. Kasamalidwe ka Intel kenaka adanenanso kuti palibe ogwiritsa ntchito omwe angagule makompyuta pamtengo wotsika kapena chilungamo sangapindule ndi chisankho chopereka mlandu.
Intel ilinso ndi njira yakale komanso yothandiza kwambiri yopikisana. Mwa kuphatikiza malangizo a CPUID kwa nthawi yoyamba, kuyambira ndi mapurosesa a i486, komanso popanga ndi kugawa makina ake aulere, Intel adatsimikizira kuti izi zikuyenda bwino kwa zaka zambiri. Wophatikiza uyu amapanga ma code abwino kwambiri a Intel processors ndi mediocre code ya mapurosesa ena onse. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale purosesa yamphamvu kwambiri kuchokera kwa omwe akupikisana nawo "adadutsa" nthambi zamapulogalamu zomwe sizinali bwino. Izi zidachepetsa ntchito yomaliza pakugwiritsa ntchito ndipo sizinalole kuti ziwonetse pafupifupi mulingo womwewo wa purosesa wa Intel wokhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana.
M'mipikisano yotereyi, VIA sinathe kupirira mpikisano, kuchepetsa kwambiri kugulitsa mapurosesa. Purosesa yake ya Nano yopanda mphamvu inali yotsika poyerekeza ndi purosesa yatsopano ya Intel Atom. Chilichonse chikanakhala bwino ngati wofufuza wina waluso, Agner Fog, akanalephera kusintha CPUID pa Nano purosesa. Monga momwe zimayembekezeredwa, zokolola zinakula ndikuposa za mpikisano. Koma nkhaniyo sinatulutse zotsatira za bomba lachidziwitso.
Mpikisano ndi AMD (wachiwiri waukulu wopanga ma microprocessors a x86/x64 padziko lapansi) nawonso sanayende bwino kwa omalizawo; mu 2008, chifukwa cha mavuto azachuma, AMD idayenera kusiya ndi wopanga ma semiconductor ophatikizika, GlobalFoundries. AMD, polimbana ndi Intel, idadalira ma multi-cores, omwe amapereka mapurosesa otsika mtengo okhala ndi ma cores angapo, pomwe Intel amatha kuyankha m'gulu lazinthu izi ndi ma processor okhala ndi ma cores ochepa, koma ndiukadaulo wa Hyper-Threading.
Kwa zaka zambiri, Intel yakhala ikuwonjezera gawo lake pamsika pamapulogalamu am'manja ndi apakompyuta, ndikuchotsa mpikisano wake. Msika wa processor wa seva watsala pang'ono kugwidwa. Ndipo posachedwapa zinthu zinayamba kusintha. Kutulutsidwa kwa mapurosesa a AMD Ryzen kunakakamiza Intel kuti asinthe njira zake zoyambira pakuwonjezera pang'ono magwiridwe antchito a purosesa. Ngakhale maphukusi oyesa adathandizira Intel kuti asadandaulenso. Mwachitsanzo, pamayeso opangira a SYSMark, kusiyana pakati pa m'badwo wachisanu ndi chimodzi ndi wachisanu ndi chiwiri wa mapurosesa apakompyuta a Core i7 kunali kosagwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa ma frequency okhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana.
Koma tsopano Intel yayambanso kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa ma cores a ma processor apakompyuta, komanso yasintha pang'ono mitundu ya purosesa yomwe ilipo. Ichi ndi sitepe yabwino kuti ogula ake aphunzire mwaukadaulo.
Mlembi wa nkhaniyi ndi Pavel Chudinov.
2019 - Blue Point of No Return kapena Chiplet Revolution
Pambuyo pa mibadwo iwiri yopambana kwambiri ya ma processor a Ryzen, AMD inali yokonzeka kutengapo gawo lomwe silinachitikepo m'mbuyomo osati pakugwira ntchito kokha, komanso muukadaulo waposachedwa - kusunthira kuukadaulo wa 7nm, ndikupereka 25% kuwonjezeka kwa magwiridwe antchito ndikusunga phukusi lotentha nthawi zonse. , kuphatikizidwa ndi zomangamanga zambiri komanso kukhathamiritsa zidapangitsa kuti pakhale mwayi wotengera nsanja ya AM4 pamlingo watsopano, kupatsa eni ake onse machitidwe "otchuka" am'mbuyomu ndikukweza kopanda ululu ndikusintha koyambirira kwa BIOS.
Ndipo chizindikiro chofunika kwambiri cha 4 GHz m'maganizo, chomwe mwa njira zambiri chinali chopunthwitsa panjira yopita ku mpikisano woopsa ndi Intel, okonda nkhawa mwanjira ina - popeza mphekesera zoyamba zidawonekera, ambiri adawona kuti kuwonjezeka kwafupipafupi mu Ryzen 3000. banja silingathe kupitilira 20%, koma palibe amene angasiye kulota za 5 GHz yomwe Intel idawonetsa. "Kutayikira" kochuluka kudalimbikitsanso chidwi, komanso mizere yathunthu yama processor ndi tsatanetsatane wodabwitsa, zambiri zomwe zidakhala kutali ndi chowonadi. Koma mwachilungamo, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti kutayikira kwina kunali kogwirizana ndi zotsatira zomwe zidawonedwa - inde, ndikusungitsa kwina.
Mwaukadaulo, zomanga za Zen 2 zalandila kusiyana kwakukulu kuchokera kwa omwe adatsogolera, omwe ali pansi pa mibadwo iwiri yoyambirira ya Ryzen. Kusiyana kwakukulu kunali makonzedwe a purosesa, omwe tsopano ali ndi makristasi atatu osiyana, awiri omwe ali ndi midadada ya cores, ndipo yachitatu, yochititsa chidwi kwambiri kukula kwake, imaphatikizapo chipika cha olamulira ndi njira zoyankhulirana (I / O). Ngakhale pali ubwino wambiri wogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zowonjezera komanso zapamwamba za 7nm, AMD sinathe kuchitira mwina koma kuyang'anizana ndi kuchuluka kwa ndalama zopangira, chifukwa ndondomeko ya 7nm inali isanayesedwe ndikubweretsa ku chiΕ΅erengero choyenera cha tchipisi tambiri toyeretsa. Komabe, panali chifukwa china - kuphatikiza kwapang'onopang'ono kwa kupanga, komwe kumapangitsa kuti azitha kuphatikiza mizere yosiyanasiyana yopanga kukhala imodzi, ndikusankha makhiristo pa Ryzen 5 yotsika mtengo komanso EPYC yodabwitsa. Yankho lotsika mtengoli linalola AMD kusunga mitengo pamlingo womwewo, ndipo zinali zabwino kusangalatsa mafani ndikutulutsidwa kwa Ryzen 3000.
Mapangidwe a ma chipset
Kugawa purosesa chip mu magawo atatu ang'onoang'ono kunalola kupita patsogolo kwakukulu pakuthana ndi ntchito zofunika kwambiri zomwe akatswiri a AMD akukumana nazo - kuchepetsa Infinity Fabric latency, kuchedwa kupeza cache ndi kusinthanitsa kwa data kuchokera ku midadada yosiyanasiyana ya CCX. Tsopano kukula kwa cache kwawirikiza kawiri (32 MB L3 ya 3600 motsutsana ndi 16 MB ya 2600 ya chaka chatha), njira zogwirira ntchito ndi izo zakonzedwa bwino, ndipo ma frequency a Infinity Fabric ali ndi chochulukitsa chake cha FCLK, chomwe chimalola kugwiritsa ntchito RAM mpaka 3733 MHz ndi zotsatira zabwino kwambiri (kuchedwa pankhaniyi sikunapitirire 65-70 nanoseconds). Komabe, Ryzen 3000 imakhudzidwabe ndi nthawi yokumbukira, ndipo timitengo totsika mtengo totsika titha kubweretsa eni ake a hardware yatsopano mpaka 30% kapena kupindula kopitilira muyeso - makamaka pamasewera ena.
Phukusi lotentha la ma processor lidakhalabe lomwelo, koma ma frequency adakula monga momwe amayembekezeredwa - kuchokera pa 4,2 pakukweza pa 3600 mpaka 4,7 mu 3950X. Atalowa mumsika, ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri adakumana ndi vuto la "malaise", pomwe purosesa sinawonetse ma frequency omwe wopanga adalengeza ngakhale pamikhalidwe yabwino - "yofiira" idayenera kukhazikitsa kukonzanso kwapadera kwa BIOS (1.0.0.3ABBA), momwe vutolo lidakonzedwa bwino, ndipo mwezi wapitawo Global 1.0.0.4 idatulutsidwa, yomwe ili ndi kukonza ndi kukhathamiritsa kopitilira zana limodzi ndi theka - kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ena, pambuyo pakusintha, purosesa pafupipafupi idakwera mpaka 75 MHz, ndi muyezo. ma voltages adatsika kwambiri. Komabe, izi sizinakhudze kuthekera kopitilira muyeso mwanjira iliyonse - Ryzen 3000, monga omwe adatsogolera, imagwira ntchito bwino m'bokosilo, ndipo siyitha kupereka kuthekera kopitilira muyeso kupitilira kuwonjezereka kofananira - izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zotopetsa kwa okonda, koma zambiri. za chisangalalo kwa iwo amene N'chifukwa chiyani iye sakufuna kukhudza zoikamo mu BIOS?
Zen 2 idalandira chiwonjezeko chachikulu cha magwiridwe antchito (mpaka 15% pamapulogalamu osiyanasiyana), idalola AMD kuti iwonjezere mphamvu m'magawo onse amsika, ndipo kwa nthawi yoyamba m'zaka zambiri kutembenuza mafunde ake. Kodi nβchiyani chinachititsa zimenezi? Tiyeni tione bwinobwino.
Ryzen 3 - Zongopeka Zaukadaulo
Ambiri omwe adatsatira kutayikira kwa mbadwo wa Zen 2 anali ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi Ryzen 3 yatsopano. Mapurosesa omwe alipo adalonjezedwa ma cores 6, zithunzi zamphamvu zophatikizika komanso mtengo wopusa. Tsoka ilo, olowa m'malo a Ryzen 3, omwe AMD adapanga gawo lapansi la nsanja yake mu 2017, sanawone kuwala kwa tsiku. M'malo mwake, a Reds adapitilizabe kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa Ryzen 3 ngati mtundu wotsika, kuphatikiza njira ziwiri zotsika mtengo komanso zosavuta za APU - zowonjezera pang'ono (poyerekeza ndi zomwe zidalipo kale) 3200G yokhala ndi zithunzi zophatikizika za Vega 8 zomwe zimatha kunyamula katundu woyambira. ndi masewera okhala ndi chigamulo cha 720p, komanso mchimwene wake wamkulu 3400G, yemwe adalandira chigawo chofulumira cha kanema ndi zithunzi za Vega 11, komanso SMT yogwira ntchito + yowonjezera mafupipafupi kumbali zonse. Yankholi likhoza kukhala lokwanira pamasewera osavuta pa 1080p, koma mayankho olowera amatchulidwa pano osati chifukwa chake, koma chifukwa cha kusagwirizana ndi kutayikira komwe kunaneneratu Ryzen 3 osati 6 cores, komanso kusunga mtengo wopusa (pafupifupi $ 120). -150). Komabe, tisaiwale za momwe APU alili - amagwiritsabe ntchito Zen + cores, ndipo kwenikweni ndi oimira mndandanda wa 3000 okha.
Komabe, ngati tilankhula za kufunika kwa m'badwo watsopano wonse, AMD yatsimikizira kuti ili ndi utsogoleri wosatsutsika m'magawo ambiri - yachita bwino kwambiri m'gulu la mapurosesa apakati.
Ryzen 5 3600 - Ngwazi yamtundu wopanda kusungitsa
Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pakumanga kwa purosesa ya Zen 2 chinali kusintha kuchokera ku kachipangizo kakang'ono kachipangizo kakang'ono mpaka kupanga mapangidwe a "modular" - AMD idakhazikitsa patent yake ya "chiplets", timizere tating'ono tokhala ndi ma processor cores olumikizidwa ndi Infinity. Basi ya nsalu. Chifukwa chake, "wofiira" sanangolowa mumsika ndi gulu latsopano lazatsopano, komanso adagwira ntchito yayikulu pavuto lalikulu kwambiri la mibadwo yam'mbuyomu - kuchedwa kwambiri pogwira ntchito ndi kukumbukira komanso kusinthanitsa deta pakati pamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Zithunzi za CCX.
Ndipo mawu oyambawa anali pano pazifukwa zina - Ryzen 3600, mfumu yosatsutsika ya gawo lapakati, adapeza chigonjetso chopanda malire chifukwa cha zatsopano zomwe AMD yakhazikitsa m'badwo watsopano. Kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa magwiridwe antchito apakati komanso kuthekera kogwira ntchito ndi kukumbukira mwachangu kuposa 3200 MHz (yomwe nthawi zambiri inali denga lothandiza la m'badwo wam'mbuyomu) zidapangitsa kuti zitheke kukweza mipiringidzoyo kuti ikhale yayitali kuposa kale, osangoyang'ana pa yachangu i5-9600K, komanso pa flagship i7-9700.
Poyerekeza ndi omwe adatsogolera, Ryzen 2600, watsopanoyo sanangopeza zosintha zambiri pazomangamanga, komanso mawonekedwe osakhazikika (3600 imawotcha pang'ono, chifukwa chake AMD idakwanitsa kupulumutsa pazizindikiro. pochotsa pachimake mkuwa), mutu wozizira komanso kuthekera kopanda manyazi. Chifukwa chiyani? Ndizosavuta - 3600 ilibe, ngakhale izi zikuwoneka ngati zopanda pake. Dziweruzireni nokha - nsonga zapamwamba zawonjezeka ndi 200 MHz, dzina la 65 W silikhalanso losakhazikika, ndipo ma cores 6 ndi ofanana (kapena kuposa!) Ndipo zonsezi zidaperekedwa kwa mafani pamtengo wapamwamba wa $ 199, wokongoletsedwa ndi kuyanjana chakumbuyo ndi ma boardboard ambiri a AM4. Ryzen 3600 idayenera kuchita bwino - ndipo malonda padziko lonse lapansi akuwonetsa izi kwa mwezi wachitatu motsatizana. M'madera ena omwe akhala okhulupirika kwa Intel kwa nthawi yaitali, msika unasintha usiku wonse, ndipo mayiko a ku Ulaya (ndipo ngakhale Russia!) Anabweretsa ngwazi yatsopano yogulitsa dziko pachimake cha kupambana. Mukukula kwa dziko lathu, purosesa idatenga 10% ya msika wazogulitsa zonse za CPU mdziko muno, patsogolo pa i7-9700K ndi i9-9900K kuphatikiza. Ndipo ngati wina akuganiza kuti zonsezi ndi zamtengo wokoma, ndiye kuti zonse sizili zophweka: Ryzen 2600, poyerekeza, panthawi yomweyi atalowa mumsika adakhala osapitirira 3%. Chinsinsi chakuchita bwino chinali kwina - AMD idamenya Intel m'gawo lomwe lili ndi anthu ambiri pamsika wa processor, ndipo adanena izi poyera pakuwonetseredwa koyambirira kwa mapurosesa ku CES2019. Ndipo mtengo wokoma, kuyanjana kwakukulu komanso kuzizira kumaphatikizapo kungolimbitsa utsogoleri wosatsutsika kale.
Nanga bwanji mchimwene wamkulu, 3600X, amafunikira? Zofanana muzochita zonse, purosesa iyi inali yachangu ndi 200 MHz ina (ndipo inali ndi ma frequency owonjezera a 4.4 GHz), ndipo idatilola kuti tipeze mwayi wophiphiritsa pa purosesa yaying'ono, yomwe sinkawoneka yokhutiritsa motsutsana ndi maziko amphamvu kwambiri. mtengo wowonjezereka ($ 229). Komabe, mtundu wakale udali ndi zabwino zina - uku kunali kusowa kwa kufunikira kotembenuza zoseweretsa mu BIOS kufunafuna ma frequency pamwamba pa maziko, ndi Precision Boost 2.0, yomwe imatha kuwongolera purosesa pazovuta, komanso kulemera kwambiri. ozizira (Wraith Spire m'malo mwa Wraith Stealth). Ngati zonsezi zikuwoneka ngati zoyesa, 3600X ndi mwala wabwino kuchokera pamndandanda watsopano wa AMD. Ngati kubweza sikuli njira yanu, ndipo kusiyana kwa 2-3% sikukuwoneka kwakukulu, omasuka kusankha 3600 - simudzanong'oneza bondo.
Ryzen 7 3700X - Old New Flagship
AMD inakonzekera m'malo mwa mtsogoleri wakale wopanda njira zambiri - aliyense adamvetsetsa kuti poyerekeza ndi omwe akupikisana nawo pano, 2700X imawoneka yocheperako, ndipo sitepe yayikulu kutsogolo (monga momwe zinalili ndi 3600) zinali zoonekeratu komanso zoyembekezeredwa. Popanda kusintha mphamvu ya mphamvu pazitsulo ndi ulusi, "wofiira" adayambitsa mapurosesa pamsika, opanda kusiyana kwapadera, koma mosiyana kwambiri ndi mtengo.
3700X idawonetsedwa ngati choloweza m'malo mwachindunji cham'mbuyomu - pamtengo wovomerezeka wa $329, AMD idapereka mpikisano wokwanira ku i7-9700K, ndikugogomezera zabwino zake zonse, monga mayankho apamwamba kwambiri aukadaulo komanso kupezeka kwamitundu yambiri. -threading, yomwe Intel idasankha kusungirako mapurosesa ake "achifumu" apamwamba kwambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, AMD idayambitsanso 3800X, yomwe, kwenikweni, inali yothamanga pang'ono (300 MHz m'munsi ndi 100 mu boost), ndipo sinathe kudzisiyanitsa mwanjira iliyonse ndi wachibale wake wamng'ono. Komabe, kwa anthu omwe amadandaulabe ndi mawu oti "kuwonjezera pamanja", njira iyi ikuwoneka bwino, koma muyenera kulipira zochulukirapo pazinthu zazing'ono zotere - mpaka madola 70 pamwamba.
Ryzen 9 3900X ndi 3950X - Onetsani Mphamvu
Komabe, chofunikira kwambiri (komanso kunena zoona, chofunikira!) Chizindikiro cha kupambana kwa Zen 2 chinali mayankho akale kuchokera ku banja la Ryzen 9 - 12-core 3900X ndi 16-core ngwazi mu mawonekedwe a 3950X. Mapurosesa awa, okhala ndi phazi limodzi m'gawo la mayankho a HEDT, amakhalabe owona pamalingaliro a nsanja ya AM4, okhala ndi nkhokwe yayikulu yomwe ingadabwitse ngakhale mafani a Threadripper a chaka chatha.
3900X, inde, idapangidwa kuti igwirizane ndi mzere wa Ryzen 3000 motsutsana ndi nthano yapano yamasewera - 9900K, ndipo pankhaniyi purosesa idakhala yabwino kwambiri. Ndi mphamvu ya 4.5 GHz pachimake ndi 4.3 pa zonse zomwe zilipo, 3900X yatenga sitepe yaikulu ku mgwirizano womwe ukuyembekezeredwa kwa nthawi yaitali ndi Intel pakuchita masewera, komanso mphamvu yowopsya mu ntchito zina zilizonse - kupereka, makompyuta, ntchito ndi archives, etc. Ulusi wa 24 umalola 3900X kuti igwire ndi Threadripper yaying'ono pakuchita bwino, ndipo nthawi yomweyo samavutika ndi kusowa kwakukulu kwa mphamvu pachimake (monga momwe zinalili ndi 2700X) kapena zolakwika zamitundu ingapo yogwiritsira ntchito (ndi Game Mode yodziwika bwino, yomwe idalepheretsa theka la ma cores mu mapurosesa a AMD HEDT). AMD idasewera popanda kunyengerera, ndipo pomwe korona wa purosesa yothamanga kwambiri akadali m'manja mwa Intel (yemwe posachedwapa adavumbulutsa 9900KS, purosesa yotsatizana ya osonkhanitsa), a Reds adatha kupereka zosinthika kwambiri zomaliza. miyala yamtengo wapatali yomwe ili pamsika. Koma osati amphamvu kwambiri - ndipo chifukwa cha 3950X.
3950X idakhala malo oyesera a AMD - kuphatikiza mphamvu ya HEDT ndi mutu wa "purosesa yoyamba yamasewera 16 padziko lonse lapansi" imatha kutchedwa juga yoyera, koma kwenikweni "ofiira" sanali kunama. Ma frequency apamwamba kwambiri amtundu wa 4.7 GHz (wokhala ndi katundu pa 1 pachimake), kuthekera kogwiritsa ntchito ma cores onse 16 pafupipafupi 4.4 GHz popanda kuzizira kwachilendo, komanso ma chiplets osankhidwa a kalasi yapamwamba, kukulolani kuti mupange chilombo chatsopanocho ndichokwera mtengo kwambiri kuposa mchimwene wake wa 12-core chifukwa chotsitsa ma voltages ogwiritsira ntchito. Zowona, kusankha kuziziritsa nthawi ino kumakhalabe pa chikumbumtima cha wogula - AMD sinagulitse purosesa ndi choziziritsa kukhosi, kudziletsa kuti ingolimbikitsa kugula kozizira kwa 240 kapena 360 mm.
Nthawi zambiri, 3950X imawonetsa kusewera pamasewera pamlingo wa 12-core solution, womwe ndi wabwino kwambiri, kukumbukira nkhani yomvetsa chisoni ya momwe Threadripper adachitira. Komabe, m'masewera omwe kugwiritsa ntchito ulusi kumachepetsedwa kwambiri (mwachitsanzo, mu GTA V), chizindikirocho sichikondweretsa maso - koma izi ndizosiyana ndi lamulo.
Purosesa yatsopano ya 16-core imadziwonetsa mwanjira yosiyana kwambiri ndi ntchito zamaluso - sizopanda pake kuti kutayikira kochulukira kunanena kuti AMD yasintha kutsindika kwake mu gawo la ogula kotero kuti 3950X yatsopano imakhala yolimba mtima ngakhale motsutsana ndi ma analogi okwera mtengo ngati i9. -9960X, kusonyeza kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa ntchito mu Blender , POV Mark, Premiere ndi ntchito zina zogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri. Tsiku lapitalo, Threadripper anali atalonjeza kale chiwonetsero chachikulu cha mphamvu zamakompyuta, koma ngakhale 3950X idawonetsa kuti gawo la ogula litha kukhala losiyana kwambiri - komanso ngakhale akatswiri. Pokumbukira zomwe zakwaniritsidwa pa 16-core flagship ya nsanja ya AM4, munthu sangachitire mwina koma kukumbukira momwe Intel adayankhira kuukira kwa HEDT.
Intel 10xxxX - Compromise pa Compromise
Ngakhale madzulo a kutulutsidwa kwa m'badwo watsopano wa Threadripper, zotsutsana zidawonekera apa ndi apo za mzere wa HEDT womwe ukubwera kuchokera ku Intel. Zambiri mwazosokoneza zidali zokhudzana ndi mayina azinthu zatsopanozi - pambuyo potulutsidwa kwa mapurosesa omwe amatsutsana, koma akadali atsopano kuchokera ku mzere wa Ice Lake paukadaulo waukadaulo wa 10 nm, okonda ambiri adakhulupirira kuti Intel idasankha kulimbikitsa zinthu zomwe zimasilira. 10 nm m'masitepe ang'onoang'ono, osagwiritsa ntchito ma niches ambiri. Kuchokera ku msika wa laputopu, kutulutsidwa kwa Ice Lake sikunapangitse zozizwitsa zapadera - chimphona cha buluu chakhala chikulamulira msika wa mafoni a m'manja, ndipo AMD sinathe kupikisana ndi makina akuluakulu a OEM ndi mafuta. mapangano amakampani omwe agwira ntchito limodzi ndi Intel kuyambira koyambirira kwa XNUMXs. Komabe, pankhani ya gawo la machitidwe apamwamba kwambiri, zonse zidasintha mosiyana.
Tikudziwa chilichonse chokhudza mzere wa i9-99xxX - pambuyo pa mibadwo iwiri ya Threadripper, AMD yadzilengeza kale molimba mtima ngati mpikisano pamsika wa HEDT, koma kutsogola kwa msika wa buluu kunakhalabe kosagwedezeka. Tsoka ilo kwa Intel, a Reds sanayime pazomwe adachita m'mbuyomu - ndipo pambuyo pa Zen 2, zidawonekeratu kuti posachedwa machitidwe apamwamba ochokera ku AMD adzakweza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito, omwe Intel analibe mphamvu yoyankha, chifukwa blue chimphona chinali ndi mayankho atsopano sizinali zazing'ono.
Choyamba, Intel adayenera kuchitapo kanthu - kuchepetsa mitengo ndi maulendo 2, zomwe sizinachitikepo kwa zaka zambiri za mpikisano ndi AMD. Tsopano flagship i9-10980XE yokhala ndi ma cores 18 m'bwalo idangogula $979 yokha m'malo mwa $1999 kwa omwe adatsogolera, ndipo mayankho ena atsika mtengo pamtengo wofananira. Komabe, ambiri adamvetsetsa kale zomwe angayembekezere kuchokera kuzinthu ziwirizi komanso yemwe angapambane, kotero Intel adachitapo kanthu pochotsa chiletso chofalitsa ndemanga zazinthu zatsopano maola 6 lisanafike tsiku lokonzekera.
Ndipo ndemanga zinayamba kuwonekera. Ngakhale njira zazikuluzikulu ndi zothandizira zidakhalabe zokhumudwitsidwa kwambiri ndi mzere watsopano - ngakhale kusintha kwakukulu kwamitengo yamitengo, mzere watsopano wa 109xx udakhala "ntchito paziphuphu" za m'badwo wakale - ma frequency adasintha pang'ono, PCI yowonjezera. Misewu -E idawonekera, ndipo phukusi lotenthetsera linali ndi kuthekera kopitilira muyeso sikunasiyire mwayi ngakhale kwa mafani olimba omwe ali ndi ma SVO akulu - pachimake 10980X imatha kuwononga 500 W, kudzitamandira osati kungochita bwino pama benchmarks, komanso kuwonetsa bwino kuti pali sichinalinso chinanso chofinya kuchokera pa 14 nm ya agogo aamuna.
Sizinathandize Intel kuti mapurosesawo anali ogwirizana ndi nsanja yomwe ilipo ya HEDT ya m'badwo wam'mbuyomu - mitundu yaying'ono ya mzere watsopanoyo idatayika ku 3950X ndi kugwa, ndikusiya mafani ambiri a Intel akudabwa. Koma zoyipitsitsa zinali m'tsogolo.
Threadripper 3000 - 3960X, 3970X. Zowopsa zapadziko lonse lapansi zamakompyuta.
Ngakhale kukayikira koyambirira za kuchuluka kwa ma cores (24 ndi 32 cores sikunapangitse chidwi ngati kuwirikiza kawiri ma cores omwe adachitapo kale mu Threadrippers), zinali zoonekeratu kuti AMD sidzabweretsa mayankho pamsika "zowonetsa" -kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa magwiridwe antchito Chifukwa cha kukhathamiritsa kwambiri kwa Zen 2 komanso kusintha kwakukulu kwa Infinity Fabric, idalonjeza magwiridwe antchito omwe sanawonekere papulatifomu ya semi-pro - ndipo sitikunena za 10-20%, koma china chake chowopsa. . Ndipo pamene embargo idachotsedwa, aliyense adawona kuti mitengo yayikulu ya Threadripper yatsopano sinachotsedwe mu mpweya wochepa thupi, osati ku chikhumbo cha AMD chochotsa mafani.
Kuchokera pamawonedwe opulumutsa mtengo, Threadripper 3000 ndi apocalypse pachikwama chanu. Mapurosesa okwera mtengo asamukira ku nsanja yatsopano, yaukadaulo komanso yovuta kwambiri ya TRx40, yopereka mpaka misewu 88 ya PCI-e 4.0, ndipo potero amapereka chithandizo chamagulu ovuta a RAID kuchokera ku ma SSD aposachedwa kapena gulu lamakadi amakanema akatswiri. Owongolera makumbukidwe amayendedwe anayi komanso mphamvu yamphamvu yodabwitsa idapangidwa osati pazitsanzo zamakono, komanso tsogolo la mzere - 64-core 3990X, yomwe imalonjeza kumasulidwa Chaka Chatsopano chikatha.
Koma ngakhale mtengo ukhoza kuwoneka ngati vuto lalikulu, pankhani ya magwiridwe antchito a AMD sanasiyidwe mwala kuchokera kuzinthu zatsopano za Intel - pamapulogalamu angapo, Threadripper yomwe idaperekedwa idathamanga kawiri kuposa 10980XE, ndipo kuchuluka kwa magwiridwe antchito kunali pafupifupi 70. %. Ndipo izi ngakhale kuti zilakolako za 3960X ndi 3970X ndizochepa kwambiri - mapurosesa onsewa sadya kuposa 280 W, ndipo ndi 4.3 GHz pazitali zonse amakhalabe 20% ndalama zambiri kuposa zofiira- kuopsa koopsa kuchokera ku Intel.
Chifukwa chake, AMD idatha kwa nthawi yoyamba m'mbiri kupereka kumsika chinthu chamtengo wapatali chomwe sichimangowonjezera kuchuluka kwa magwiridwe antchito, komanso alibe zovuta zazikulu - kupatula mtengo, koma, monga akunena, muyenera kulipira zowonjezera kuti zikhale zabwino. Ndipo Intel, mopanda nzeru momwe zingawonekere, yasintha kukhala njira ina yachuma, yomwe, komabe, sikuwoneka yolimba mtima motsutsana ndi maziko a $ 3950 750X papulatifomu yotsika mtengo kwambiri.
Athlon 3000G - Pulumutsani ndalama zokongola
AMD sinayiwale za gawo la bajeti la mapurosesa amphamvu otsika okhala ndi zithunzi zowoneka bwino - apa Athlon 5400G yatsopano (komanso yakale) ikuthamangira kupulumutsa iwo omwe amayang'ana Pentium G3000 monyoza kwambiri. 2 cores ndi 4 ulusi, 3.5 GHz base frequency ndi kanema wa Vega 3 wodziwika bwino (wopotozedwa mpaka 100 MHz) wokhala ndi TDP ya 35 W - ndipo zonsezi ndi $49 yopusa. The Reds adaperekanso chidwi chapadera pa kuthekera kowonjezera purosesa, kuperekanso 30% ya magwiridwe antchito pafupipafupi 3.9 GHz. Nthawi yomweyo, simudzasowa kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zoziziritsa kukhosi pomanga bajeti - 3000G imabwera ndi kuziziritsa kwabwino komwe kumapangidwira 65 W kutentha - izi ndizokwanira ngakhale pakuwonjezera kwambiri.
Paziwonetsero, AMD inayerekeza Athlon 3000G ndi mpikisano wamakono kuchokera ku Intel - Pentium G5400, yomwe idakhala yokwera mtengo kwambiri (mtengo wovomerezeka - $ 73), yogulitsidwa popanda chozizira, ndipo ndiyotsika kwambiri pakuchita kwatsopano. . Ndizoseketsanso kuti 3000G sinamangidwe pa zomangamanga za Zen 2 - zimachokera ku Zen yabwino yakale + pa 12 nm, zomwe zimatilola kuti titchule mankhwala atsopano kuti atsitsimutse pang'ono a Athlon 2xx GE chaka chatha.
Zotsatira za kusintha kwa "red".
Kutulutsidwa kwa Zen 2 kudakhudza kwambiri msika wama processor - mwina kusintha kwakukulu kotere sikunawonekere m'mbiri yamakono ya ma CPU. Titha kukumbukira ulendo wopambana wa AMD 64 FX, tikhoza kutchula kupambana kwa Athlon pakati pa zaka khumi zapitazi, koma sitingathe kupereka fanizo lakale la chimphona "chofiira", pamene chirichonse chinasintha mofulumira kwambiri. ndipo kupambana kwake kunali kodabwitsa. M'zaka 2 zokha, AMD idakwanitsa kubweretsa mayankho amphamvu kwambiri a seva ya EPYC, adalandira mapangano opindulitsa kuchokera kumakampani apadziko lonse lapansi a IT, adabwereranso kumasewera pagawo la ogula ndi Ryzen, ndipo adatulutsa Intel pamsika wa HEDT mothandizidwa ndi wosayerekezeka Threadripper. Ndipo ngati m'mbuyomu zinkawoneka kuti lingaliro lanzeru la Jim Keller ndilomwe linali kumbuyo kwa kupambana konse, ndiye ndi kutulutsidwa kwa zomangamanga za Zen 2 pamsika, zidawonekeratu kuti chitukuko cha lingalirolo chinali chitapita patsogolo. chiwembu choyambirira - tili ndi mayankho abwino kwambiri a bajeti (Ryzen 3600 idakhala purosesa yotchuka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi - ndipo ikadali choncho), mayankho amphamvu padziko lonse lapansi (3900X imatha kupikisana ndi 9900K, ndikudabwa ndi kupambana kwake pantchito zamaluso), kuyesa molimba mtima (3950X !), komanso mayankho achuma pazantchito zosavuta zatsiku ndi tsiku (Athlon 3000G). Ndipo AMD ikupitabe patsogolo - chaka chamawa tidzakhala ndi mbadwo watsopano, kupambana kwatsopano ndi zochitika zatsopano zomwe zidzagonjetsedwe!
Nyumba ya NHTi gawo "Processor Wars" m'magawo 7 pa YouTube -
Wolemba nkhaniyi: Alexander Lis.
Ogwiritsa ntchito olembetsedwa okha ndi omwe angatenge nawo gawo pa kafukufukuyu. chonde.
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68,6%Zogulitsa
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31,4%Intel 150
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Source: www.habr.com