Ndinayika Raspberry Pi Zero, mluzu wa Bluetooth ndi chingwe mkati mwachiwonetsero changa chatsopano cha Braille cha Handy Tech Active Star 40. Doko la USB lomangidwira limapereka mphamvu. Chotsatira chake chinali kompyuta yodzidalira yokha yopanda mawonekedwe pa ARM yokhala ndi makina ogwiritsira ntchito a Linux, okhala ndi kiyibodi ndi chiwonetsero cha zilembo za akhungu. Mutha kulipiritsa / kuyimitsa kudzera pa USB, kuphatikiza. kuchokera kubanki yamagetsi kapena charger ya solar. Chifukwa chake, amatha kuchita popanda mains osati kwa maola angapo, koma kwa masiku angapo.

Kusiyanitsa kwamawonekedwe a zilembo za braille

Choyamba, amasiyana kutalika kwa mzere. Zipangizo zomwe zili ndi 60 kapena kupitilira apo ndi zabwino mukamagwira ntchito ndi kompyuta yapakompyuta, 40 ndizosavuta kunyamula ndi laputopu. Tsopano palinso zowonetsera za braille zolumikizidwa ndi mafoni am'manja ndi mapiritsi, okhala ndi mzere wautali wa zilembo 14 kapena 18.

M'mbuyomu, mawonekedwe a braille anali okulirapo. Mwachitsanzo, zilembo za 40 zinali ndi miyeso ndi kulemera kofanana ndi laputopu ya 13-inch. Tsopano, ndi chiwerengero chofanana chodziwika, iwo ndi ochepa kwambiri kuti muthe kuyika zowonetsera kutsogolo kwa laputopu, osati laputopu pawonetsero.

Izi ndizabwinoko, komabe sizosavuta kuyika zida ziwiri zosiyana pamiyendo yanu. Pogwira ntchito pa desiki, palibe madandaulo, koma ndi bwino kukumbukira kuti laputopu imatchedwa laputopu mwanjira ina, ndikuyesera kulungamitsa dzina lake, popeza zikuwonekeratu kuti chiwonetsero chaching'ono cha zilembo 40 ndichosavuta.

Chifukwa chake wolemba adadikirira kutulutsidwa kwa mtundu watsopano womwe walonjezedwa kwanthawi yayitali mu mndandanda wa Handy Tech Star. Kubwerera ku 2002, chitsanzo cham'mbuyo cha Handy Tech Braille Star 40 chinatulutsidwa, kumene malo a thupi ndi okwanira kuika laputopu pamwamba. Ndipo ngati sichikukwanira, choyimira chobweza chimaperekedwa. Tsopano chitsanzo ichi chasinthidwa ndi Active Star 40, yomwe ili yofanana, koma ndi zamagetsi zowonjezera.

Ndipo choyimitsacho chinakhalabe:

Koma chinthu chothandiza kwambiri pazachilendochi ndi kupuma kwa kukula kwa foni yamakono (onani KDPV). Imatsegula pamene nsanja yasinthidwa mmbuyo. Zinakhala zovuta kusunga foni yamakono pamenepo, koma munthu ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito chipinda chopanda kanthu, chomwe chili mkati mwake momwe amaperekera magetsi.

Chinthu choyamba chimene wolembayo adabwera nacho chinali kuika Raspberry Pi pamenepo, koma pamene chiwonetserocho chinagulidwa, chinapezeka kuti choyimira chomwe chinatseka chipindacho sichinasunthike ndi "rasipiberi". Tsopano, ngati bolodi linali locheperapo 3 mm ...

Koma mnzake adalankhula za kutulutsidwa kwa Raspberry Pi Zero, yomwe idakhala yaying'ono kwambiri kotero kuti awiri aiwo akwanira mu bay ... kapena mwina atatu. Analamulidwa nthawi yomweyo ndi 64 GB memory card, Bluetooth, mluzu ndi Micro USB chingwe. Patapita masiku angapo, zonsezi zinafika, ndipo mabwenzi oona anathandiza wolembayo kukonza mapu. Chilichonse chinagwira ntchito nthawi yomweyo monga momwe ziyenera kukhalira.

Zomwe zidachitika izi

Kumbuyo kwa Handy Tech Active Star 40 pali madoko awiri a USB a zida monga makiyibodi. Kiyibodi yophatikizika yokhala ndi cholumikizira maginito. Kiyibodi ikalumikizidwa, ndipo chiwonetserocho chimagwira ntchito kudzera pa Bluetooth, kompyuta imazindikiranso ngati kiyibodi ya Bluetooth.

Chifukwa chake, ngati muluzu wa Bluetooth ulumikizidwa ndi Raspberry Pi Zero yoyikidwa muchipinda cha foni yam'manja, imatha kulumikizana ndi mawonekedwe a zilembo za anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la Bluetooth pogwiritsa ntchito Bluetooth. BRLTTY, ndipo ngati mulumikizanso kiyibodi kuwonetsero, "rasipiberi" idzagwiranso ntchito nayonso.

Koma si zokhazo. Rasipiberi wokha, nawonso, amatha kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti kudzera pa Bluetooth PAN kuchokera ku chipangizo chilichonse chomwe chimathandizira. Wolembayo adakonza foni yam'manja ndi makompyuta kunyumba komanso kuntchito moyenera, koma m'tsogolomu akukonzekera kusintha "rasipiberi" ina pa izi - zapamwamba, osati Zero, zolumikizidwa ndi Ethernet ndi "mluzu" wina wa Bluetooth.

BlueZ5 ndi PAN

Njira yosinthira PAN pogwiritsa ntchito BuluuZ zinakhala zosaoneka. Wolembayo adapeza Pyhton script bt-pan (onani pansipa) yomwe imakupatsani mwayi wokonza PAN popanda GUI.

Ndi izo, mukhoza kukonza zonse seva ndi kasitomala. Atalandira lamulo loyenera kudzera pa D-Bus pamene akugwira ntchito mu kasitomala, amapanga chipangizo chatsopano cha intaneti bnep0 atangokhazikitsa kulumikiza ndi seva. Nthawi zambiri, DHCP imagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka adilesi ya IP ku mawonekedwe awa. Mu mawonekedwe a seva, BlueZ imafuna dzina la chipangizo cha mlatho, chomwe chingawonjezere chipangizo cha kapolo kuti chigwirizane ndi kasitomala aliyense. Kukonza adilesi ya chipangizo cha mlatho ndikuyendetsa seva ya DHCP kuphatikiza IP masquerading pamlatho nthawi zambiri ndizomwe zimafunikira.

Bluetooth PAN Access Point yokhala ndi Systemd

Wolembayo adagwiritsa ntchito systemd-networkd kukonza mlathowo:

FILE /etc/systemd/network/pan.netdev

[NetDev]
Name=pan
Kind=bridge
ForwardDelaySec=0

FILE /etc/systemd/network/pan.network

[Match]
Name=pan

[Network]
Address=0.0.0.0/24
DHCPServer=yes
IPMasquerade=yes

Tsopano tifunika kupeza BlueZ kuti ikonze mbiri ya NAP. Zinapezeka kuti BlueZ 5.36 zothandizira nthawi zonse sizingachite izi. Ngati wolemba akulakwitsa, muwongolereni: mlang (amadziwa kusuntha makutu ake) akhungu (nthawi zina kupeza ndi quantum) guru

Koma anapeza positi pa blog и python script kupanga mafoni ofunikira a D-Bus.

Kuti zitheke, wolemba adagwiritsa ntchito ntchito ya Systemd kuyendetsa script ndikuwona ngati kudalira kwathetsedwa.

FILE /etc/systemd/system/pan.service

[Unit]
Description=Bluetooth Personal Area Network
After=bluetooth.service systemd-networkd.service
Requires=systemd-networkd.service
PartOf=bluetooth.service

[Service]
Type=notify
ExecStart=/usr/local/sbin/pan

[Install]
WantedBy=bluetooth.target

FILE /usr/local/sbin/pan

#!/bin/sh
# Ugly hack to work around #787480
iptables -F
iptables -t nat -F
iptables -t mangle -F
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE

exec /usr/local/sbin/bt-pan --systemd --debug server pan

Fayilo yachiwiri sikanafunikira ngati Debian ali ndi chithandizo cha IPMasquerade= (onani pansipa). #787480).

Pambuyo pochita malamulo dawuni-reload-reload и systemctl kuyambitsanso systemd-networkd mutha kuyambitsa Bluetooth PAN ndi lamulo systemctl kuyamba pan

Bluetooth PAN kasitomala pogwiritsa ntchito Systemd

Mbali ya kasitomala ndiyosavuta kukonza pogwiritsa ntchito Systemd.

FILE /etc/systemd/network/pan-client.network

[Match]
Name=bnep*

[Network]
DHCP=yes

FILE /etc/systemd/system/[imelo ndiotetezedwa]

[Unit]
Description=Bluetooth Personal Area Network client

[Service]
Type=notify
ExecStart=/usr/local/sbin/bt-pan --debug --systemd client %I --wait

Tsopano, mutatsitsanso kasinthidwe, mutha kulumikizana ndi malo ofikira a Bluetooth monga chonchi:

systemctl start pan@00:11:22:33:44:55

Kuyanjanitsa pogwiritsa ntchito mzere wolamula

Zachidziwikire, kasinthidwe ka seva ndi makasitomala kuyenera kuchitidwa mutawaphatikiza kudzera pa Bluetooth. Pa seva, muyenera kuthamanga bluetoothctl ndikuwalamula:

power on
agent on
default-agent
scan on
scan off
pair XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX
trust XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX

Mukayamba jambulani, dikirani masekondi angapo mpaka chipangizo chomwe mukufuna chiwoneke pamndandanda. Lembani adilesi yake ndikuigwiritsa ntchito ndi lamulo la awiriwa ndipo, ngati kuli kofunikira, ndi lamulo la trust.

Kuchokera kumbali ya kasitomala, muyenera kuchita chimodzimodzi, koma lamulo lodalirika silidzafunika motsimikiza. Seva ikufunika kuti ivomereze kulumikizana ndi mbiri ya NAP popanda kutsimikizira pamanja ndi wogwiritsa ntchito.

Wolembayo sakutsimikiza kuti iyi ndiye ndondomeko yoyenera ya malamulo. Mwina zonse zomwe zimafunika ndikuphatikiza kasitomala ndi seva ndikuyendetsa lamulo la trust pa seva, koma sanayesebe.

Kuyambitsa Mbiri ya Bluetooth HID

Ndikofunikira kuti "rasipiberi" izindikire kiyibodi yolumikizidwa ndi chiwonetsero cha zilembo za akhungu ndi waya, ndikutumizidwa ndi chiwonetserocho kudzera pa Bluetooth. Chitani zomwezo, koma m'malo mwake agent pa ndiyenera kupereka lamulo wothandizira KeyboardOnly ndipo bluetoothctl ipeza chipangizo chokhala ndi mbiri ya HID.

Koma kukonza Bluetooth kudzera pamzere wamalamulo ndikovuta.

Ngakhale wolemba adatha kukonza chilichonse, amamvetsetsa kuti kukonza BlueZ kudzera pamzere wolamula ndikovuta. Poyamba, adaganiza kuti othandizira amafunikira pongolowetsa ma PIN, koma zidapezeka, mwachitsanzo, kuti mutsegule mbiri ya HID, muyenera kulemba "agent KeyboardOnly". Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, kuti muyambe Bluetooth PAN, muyenera kukwera m'malo osungirako zinthu kuti mufufuze malemba oyenera. Amakumbukira kuti mu mtundu wakale wa BlueZ panali chida chokonzekera ichi. pansi - ali kuti mu BlueZ 5? Mwadzidzidzi, yankho latsopano linawonekera, losadziwika kwa wolemba, koma litagona pamwamba?

Kukonzekera

Kutengerapo kwa data kunali pafupifupi 120 kbps, zomwe ndizokwanira. Purosesa ya 1GHz ARM ndiyothamanga kwambiri pamawonekedwe a mzere wolamula. Wolemba akukonzekerabe kugwiritsa ntchito makamaka ssh ndi emacs pazida.

Mafonti a Console ndikusintha pazenera

Kusasinthika kwazithunzi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi framebuffer pa Raspberry Pi Zero ndizosamvetseka: fbset imanena kuti ndi pixels 656x416 (palibe chowunikira cholumikizidwa, ndithudi). Ndi font ya console ya 8x16, tili ndi zilembo 82 pamzere uliwonse ndi mizere 26.

Kugwira ntchito ndi mawonekedwe a zilembo za zilembo 40 mwanjira iyi ndikovuta. Komanso, wolemba akufuna kuti zilembo za Unicode ziziwonetsedwa mu Braille. Mwamwayi, Linux imathandizira zilembo za 512, ndipo ma fonti ambiri a console ali ndi zilembo za 256. Ndi console-setup, mungagwiritse ntchito zilembo ziwiri za 256 pamodzi. Wolembayo adawonjezera mizere yotsatirayi ku fayilo /etc/default/console-setup:

SCREEN_WIDTH=80
SCREEN_HEIGHT=25
FONT="Lat15-Terminus16.psf.gz brl-16x8.psf"

Zindikirani: Kuti font ya brl-16x8.psf ipezeke, muyenera kukhazikitsa console-braille.

Kodi yotsatira?

Chiwonetsero cha braille chili ndi jack 3,5 mm, koma wolemba sadziwa za ma adapter otengera mawu kuchokera ku Mini-HDMI. Wolembayo sanathe kugwiritsa ntchito khadi lakumveka lomwe linamangidwa mu "rasipiberi" (zodabwitsa, womasulirayo anali wotsimikiza kuti Zero alibe, koma pali njira zotulutsa mawu ndi PWM ku GPIO). Akukonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito kachipangizo ka USB-OTG ndikulumikiza khadi yakunja ndikutulutsa mawu ku choyankhulira chopangidwa muzowonetsa za zilembo za akhungu. Pazifukwa zina, makhadi awiri akunja sanagwire ntchito, tsopano akufunafuna chipangizo chofanana pa chipset chosiyana.

Zimakhalanso zovuta kuzimitsa "rasipiberi" pamanja, dikirani masekondi angapo ndikuzimitsa mawonekedwe a braille. Ndipo zonse chifukwa pamene yazimitsidwa, imachotsa mphamvu kuchokera ku cholumikizira mu chipindacho. Wolembayo akukonzekera kuyika batri yaing'ono m'chipindamo ndipo, kudzera pa GPIO, dziwitsani "rasipiberi" za kuzimitsa chiwonetserocho kuti chiyambe kutseka. Izi ndizo UPS pang'ono.

Chithunzi chadongosolo

Ngati muli ndi mawonedwe a braille omwewo ndipo mukufuna kuchita chimodzimodzi ndi izo, wolembayo ali wokondwa kupereka chithunzi chokonzekera chokonzekera (chochokera pa Raspbian Stretch). Mlembereni za nkhaniyi pa adiresi yomwe ili pamwambayi. Ngati pali anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi chidwi, ndizothekanso kumasula zida zomwe zimaphatikizapo zonse zofunika pakukonzanso koteroko.

Zothokoza

Tithokoze a Dave Mielke powerenganso mawuwo.

Zikomo kwa Simon Kainz chifukwa cha zithunzi.

Tithokoze anzanga ku Graz University of Technology chifukwa chodziwitsa wolemba kudziko la Raspberry Pi.

PS Tsamba loyamba wolemba pamutuwu (satsegula - womasulira) adapangidwa masiku asanu okha asanatulutse chiyambi cha nkhaniyi, ndipo tikhoza kuganiza kuti, kupatulapo mavuto ndi phokoso, ntchitoyi yathetsedwa. Mwa njira, wolembayo adakonza zolemba zomaliza kuchokera ku "chiwonetsero chodzidalira cha Braille" chomwe adapanga, ndikuchilumikiza kudzera pa SSH ku kompyuta yake yakunyumba.

Source: www.habr.com