Pa November 30, 2010, David Collier analemba kuti:
Ndidawona kuti mu bokosi lotanganidwa maulalo amagawika m'madongosolo anayi awa.
Kodi pali lamulo losavuta kudziwa kuti ndi maulalo ati omwe ayenera kukhala ...
Mwachitsanzo, kupha kuli mkati / bin, ndipo killall ili mu /usr/bin...
Mwinamwake mukudziwa kuti Ken Thompson ndi Dennis Ritchie adapanga Unix pa PDP-7 mu 1969. Kotero, cha m'ma 1971, adakweza PDP-11 ndi ma disks a RK05 (1,5 megabytes aliyense).
Makina ogwiritsira ntchito atakula ndipo osakwanira pa diski yoyamba (pomwe muzu wa FS udali), adasunthira gawo lachiwiri, pomwe zida zanyumba zidali (kotero, malo okwerawo amatchedwa / usr - kuchokera ku liwu. wogwiritsa). Adapanganso zolemba zonse zofunika za OS pamenepo (/bin, /sbin, /lib, /tmp ...) ndikuyika mafayilo pa disk yatsopano, chifukwa yakaleyo idatha. Kenako anali ndi disk yachitatu, adayiyika mu / home directory ndikusuntha zolemba za ogwiritsa ntchito kumeneko kuti OS athe kutenga malo onse otsala pa disks ziwiri, ndipo izi zinali. pafupifupi ma megabytes atatu (Oo!).
Zachidziwikire, adayenera kupanga lamulo kuti "pamene makina ogwiritsira ntchito ayamba, ayenera kuyika disk yachiwiri mu / usr, kotero musaike mapulogalamu ngati phiri pa disk yachiwiri mu / usr kapena mudzakhala nawo. vuto la nkhuku ndi dzira." Ndi zophweka choncho. Ndipo izo zinali mu Unix V6 zaka 35 zapitazo.
Kugawanika kwa / bin ndi / usr/bin (ndi zolemba zonse zotere) ndi cholowa cha zochitikazo, tsatanetsatane wa kukhazikitsidwa kwa 70s zomwe zakopedwa ndi akuluakulu kwa zaka zambiri tsopano. Iwo sanafunse konse funso bwanjiiwo anangochita izo. Kugawanikaku kunasiya kupanga zomveka ngakhale Linux isanapangidwe, pazifukwa zingapo:
- Poyambitsa, initrd kapena initramfs imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe imasamalira mavuto monga "tikufunika fayiloyi isanakwane." Motero, tatero ali nazo kale fayilo yanthawi yochepa yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsitsa china chilichonse.
- Ma library omwe adagawidwa (omwe adawonjezedwa ku Unix ndi anyamata ku Berkley) samakulolani kuti musinthe zomwe zili mu /lib ndi /usr/lib palokha. Zigawo ziwirizi ziyenera kufanana kapena sizingagwire ntchito. Izi sizinachitike mu 1974 chifukwa anali ndi ufulu wodziyimira pawokha nthawi imeneyo chifukwa cholumikizana mokhazikika.
- Ma hard drive otsika mtengo adaswa chotchinga cha 100 megabyte cha m'ma 1990, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, mapulogalamu osinthira magawo adawonekera (gawo lamatsenga 3.0 linatuluka mu 1997).
Zoonadi, popeza pali magaΕ΅ano, anthu ena akhazikitsa malamulo oti avomereze. Monga, magawo a mizu amafunikira pamitundu yonse ya OS, ndipo muyenera kuyika mafayilo anu am'deralo / usr. Kapena ikani / zomwe AT&T imagawa, ndi / usr zomwe kugawa kwanu, IBM AIX, kapena Dec Ultrix, kapena SGI Irix yowonjezeredwa, ndi /usr/local ili ndi mafayilo okhudzana ndi dongosolo lanu. Kenako wina adaganiza kuti /usr/local sanali malo oyenera kukhazikitsa mapulogalamu atsopano, ndiye tiyeni tiwonjezere / opt! Sindingadabwe ngati / opt/local ikuwonekanso ...
Zoonadi, pazaka za 30, chifukwa cha kulekana kumeneku, mitundu yonse ya mitundu yosangalatsa yogawa-malamulo afika ndi kupita. Mwachitsanzo, "/tmp imachotsedwa pakuyambiranso, koma /usr/tmp sichoncho." (Ndipo mu Ubuntu mulibe / usr / tmp kwenikweni, ndipo mu Gentoo / usr / tmp ndi ulalo wophiphiritsa wa / var / tmp, womwe tsopano uli pansi pa lamulolo, ndipo sunayeretsedwe pakuyambiranso. Inde, izi zinali zonse zisanachitike Zomwe zimachitikanso kuti muzu wa FS umawerengedwa-okha, ndiyeno simuyenera kulemba chilichonse kwa / usr, koma muyenera kulembera / var. makamaka sizingalembedwe kupatula mu / etc, zomwe nthawi zina zimayesedwa kuti zisunthidwe ku / var ...)
Oyang'anira maofesi monga Linux Foundation (omwe adameza Gulu la Free Standards Group panthawi yomwe likukula zaka zapitazo) ali okondwa kulemba ndi kusokoneza malamulowa osayesa kudziwa chifukwa chake analipo. Chimene sadziwa ndi chakuti Ken ndi Dennis anangosuntha gawo la OS kumalo awo osungira kunyumba chifukwa disk RK05 pa PDP-11 inali yaying'ono kwambiri.
Ndine wotsimikiza kuti busybox imangoyika mafayilo mofanana ndi mbiri yakale. Palibe chifukwa chenicheni chochitira zimenezi mpaka pano. Inemwini, ndimangopanga / bin, /sbin ndi /lib kulumikizanso ku /usr. Kupatula apo, anthu omwe amagwira ntchito ndi mapulogalamu ophatikizidwa amayesa kumvetsetsa ndi kuphweka ...
Source: www.habr.com