Madivelopa akuchokera ku Mars, ma admins aku Venus

Zochitika mwachisawawa, ndipo zinalidi papulaneti lina ...

Ndikufuna kugawana nawo nkhani zitatu zopambana komanso zolephera za momwe wopanga kumbuyo amagwirira ntchito mu gulu lomwe lili ndi ma admins.

Nkhani imodzi.
Web situdiyo, chiwerengero cha antchito akhoza kuwerengedwa ndi dzanja limodzi. Lero ndiwe wopanga mapangidwe, mawa ndiwe backender, mawa ndiwe admin. Kumbali imodzi, mutha kupeza zambiri. Kumbali inayi, pali kusowa kwa luso m'mbali zonse. Ndimakumbukirabe tsiku loyamba la ntchito, ndidakali wobiriwira, bwanayo akuti: "Open putty," koma sindikudziwa kuti ndi chiyani. Kulankhulana ndi ma admin sikuphatikizidwa, chifukwa ndiwe admin wekha. Tiyeni tione ubwino ndi kuipa kwa zimenezi.

+ Mphamvu zonse zili m’manja mwako.
+ Palibe chifukwa chopempha aliyense kuti apeze seva.
+ Nthawi yochita mwachangu mbali zonse.
+ Kupititsa patsogolo luso.
+ Khalani ndi chidziwitso chokwanira pamapangidwe azinthu.

- Udindo waukulu.
- Kuopsa kwa kuswa kupanga.
- Ndizovuta kukhala katswiri wabwino m'madera onse.

Osakhala ndi chidwi, tiyeni tipitirire

Nkhani yachiwiri.
Kampani yayikulu, ntchito yayikulu. Pali dipatimenti yoyang'anira yomwe ili ndi antchito 5-7 ndi magulu angapo achitukuko. Mukabwera kudzagwira ntchito kukampani yotere, woyang'anira aliyense amaganiza kuti simunabwere kudzagwira ntchito, koma kuti muwononge china chake. Ngakhale NDA yosainidwa kapena kusankhidwa pa zokambirana sizikuwonetsa china. Ayi, bambo uyu adabwera kuno ndi manja ake akuda kuti awononge kupsompsona kwathu. Chifukwa chake, ndi munthu wotero muyenera kulumikizana pang'ono; osachepera, mutha kuponya chomata poyankha. Osayankha mafunso okhudza kamangidwe ka polojekiti. Ndikoyenera kuti musapereke mwayi mpaka wotsogolera timu atapempha. Ndipo akapempha, adzabweza ndi mwaŵi wocheperapo kuposa umene iwo anapempha. Pafupifupi kulumikizana konse ndi ma admin otere kumatengedwa ndi dzenje lakuda pakati pa dipatimenti yachitukuko ndi dipatimenti yoyang'anira. N’zosatheka kuthetsa nkhani mwamsanga. Koma simungabwere nokha - ma admins ali otanganidwa kwambiri 24/7. (Kodi mukuchita chiyani nthawi zonse?) Makhalidwe ena amachitidwe:

• Avereji ya nthawi yotumizidwa kuti ipangidwe ndi maola 4-5
• Nthawi yochuluka yotumizira pakupanga maola 9
• Kwa wopanga mapulogalamu, ntchito yopanga ndi bokosi lakuda, monga seva yopanga yokha. Kodi alipo angati onse?
• Zotulutsa zotsika, zolakwika pafupipafupi
• Wopangayo satenga nawo gawo pakutulutsa

Chabwino, kodi ndimayembekezera chiyani, ndithudi, anthu atsopano saloledwa kupanga. Chabwino, titakhala oleza mtima, timayamba kudalira ena. Koma pazifukwa zina, zinthu sizophweka ndi ma admins.

Act 1. Admin ndi wosaoneka.
Tsiku lotulutsidwa, wopanga ndi admin samalumikizana. Admin alibe mafunso. Koma mukumvetsa chifukwa chake pambuyo pake. Admin ndi munthu wokhazikika, alibe ma messenger, sapereka nambala yake ya foni kwa wina aliyense, komanso alibe mbiri pama social network. Palibe ngakhale chithunzi chake paliponse, mukuwoneka bwanji bwanawe? Timakhala ndi manejala wotsogolera kwa mphindi pafupifupi 15 mosokonezeka, kuyesera kukhazikitsa kulumikizana ndi Voyager 1 iyi, ndiye uthenga ukuwonekera mu imelo yamakampani yomwe wamaliza. Kodi tilemberana makalata? Kulekeranji? Zosavuta, sichoncho? Chabwino, tiyeni titsitsimuke. Ndondomekoyi ikuchitika kale, palibe kubwerera. Werenganinso uthengawo. "Ndinamaliza". Mwamaliza chiyani? Kuti? Ndikakusankhani kuti? Apa mukumvetsetsa chifukwa chake maola 4 omasulidwa ndi abwinobwino. Timapeza chisangalalo chachitukuko, koma timamaliza kumasulidwa. Palibenso chikhumbo chilichonse chomasula.

Act 2. Osati mtunduwo.
Kutulutsidwa kotsatira. Popeza tadziwa zambiri, timayamba kupanga mndandanda wa mapulogalamu ofunikira ndi malaibulale a seva kwa oyang'anira, kuwonetsa matembenuzidwe ena. Monga nthawi zonse, timalandira chizindikiro chofooka cha wailesi kuti admin watsiriza chinachake pamenepo. Kuyesedwa kwa regression kumayamba, komwe kumatenga pafupifupi ola limodzi. Chilichonse chikuwoneka kuti chikugwira ntchito, koma pali cholakwika chimodzi chovuta. Zofunikira sizikugwira ntchito. Maola angapo otsatira anali kuvina ndi maseche, kulosera pamabwalo a khofi, ndi kuwunikira mwatsatanetsatane kachidutswa kalikonse. Admin akuti wapanga zonse. Ntchito yolembedwa ndi opanga zokhotakhota siigwira ntchito, koma seva imagwira ntchito. Mafunso aliwonse kwa iye? Pamapeto pa ola limodzi, timapeza woyang'anira kuti atumize mtundu wa laibulale pa seva yopanga macheza ndi bingo - sizomwe tikufuna. Timapempha woyang'anira kuti akhazikitse mtundu wofunikira, koma poyankha timalandira kuti sangathe kuchita izi chifukwa cha kusakhalapo kwa mtundu uwu mu OS phukusi loyang'anira. Apa, kuchokera m'kati mwa kukumbukira kwake, woyang'anira akukumbukira kuti woyang'anira wina anali atathetsa kale vutoli mwa kungosonkhanitsa ndi dzanja lofunika. Koma ayi, athu sangachite izi. Malamulo amaletsa. Karl, takhala pano kwa maola angapo, nthawi yake ndi yotani?! Timakhala ndi mantha ena ndipo mwanjira ina timamaliza kumasulidwa.

Ntchito 3, mwachidule
Tikiti yofulumira, magwiridwe antchito ofunikira sagwira ntchito kwa m'modzi wa ogwiritsa ntchito omwe akupanga. Timathera maola angapo tikuyang'ana. M'malo otukuka, chilichonse chimagwira ntchito. Pali kumvetsetsa bwino kuti lingakhale lingaliro labwino kuyang'ana muzolemba za php-fpm. Panalibe makina olembera ngati ELK kapena Prometheus pa ntchitoyi panthawiyo. Timatsegula tikiti yopita ku dipatimenti yoyang'anira kuti athe kupeza zipika za php-fpm pa seva. Apa muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti tikupempha mwayi pazifukwa, simukukumbukira za black hole ndi ma admins kukhala otanganidwa 24/7? Ngati muwafunsa kuti ayang'ane zipika zokha, ndiye kuti iyi ndi ntchito yokhala ndi "osati m'moyo uno". Tikitiyi idapangidwa, tidalandira yankho pompopompo kuchokera kwa wamkulu wa dipatimenti yoyang'anira: "Simuyenera kupeza zipika zopanga, lembani popanda nsikidzi." Katani.

Act 4 ndi kupitirira apo
Tikusonkhanitsabe mavuto ambiri popanga, chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya malaibulale, mapulogalamu osasinthika, katundu wosakonzekera wa seva, ndi zovuta zina. Zachidziwikire, palinso nsikidzi, sitidzaimba mlandu ma admins chifukwa cha machimo onse, tingotchulanso ntchito ina yantchitoyo. Tidali ndi antchito ambiri akumbuyo omwe adakhazikitsidwa kudzera mwa oyang'anira, ndipo zolemba zina zidayenera kuwonjezeredwa ku cron. Nthawi zina antchito omwewa anasiya kugwira ntchito. Katundu pa seva yamzere idakula mwachangu, ndipo ogwiritsa ntchito achisoni adayang'ana chojambulira chozungulira. Kukonza mwachangu antchito oterowo kunali kokwanira kungowayambitsanso, koma kachiwiri, ndi woyang'anira yekha angachite izi. Ngakhale kuti anali kuchitidwa opaleshoni yoteroyo, tsiku lathunthu likanatha. Apa, ndithudi, ndi bwino kuzindikira kuti olemba mapulogalamu okhota ayenera kulemba antchito kuti asawonongeke, koma akagwa, zingakhale bwino kumvetsetsa chifukwa chake, zomwe nthawi zina zimakhala zosatheka chifukwa cha kusowa kwa kupanga. ndithudi, ndipo chifukwa chake, kusowa kwa zipika kuchokera kwa wopanga.

Kusandulika.
Titapirira zonsezi kwa nthawi yayitali, pamodzi ndi gululi tidayamba kuwongolera njira yomwe idatiyendera bwino. Mwachidule, ndi mavuto ati amene tinakumana nawo?

• Kupanda kulumikizana kwabwino pakati pa omanga ndi dipatimenti yoyang'anira
• Oyang'anira, zimakhala (!), samamvetsetsa momwe pulogalamuyo imapangidwira, kudalira komwe kuli ndi momwe imagwirira ntchito.
• Madivelopa samamvetsetsa momwe malo opangira amagwirira ntchito ndipo, chifukwa chake, sangathe kuyankha bwino pamavuto.
• Ntchito yotumizira imatenga nthawi yayitali.
• Zotulutsa zosakhazikika.

Kodi ife tachita chiyani?
Pakutulutsa kulikonse, mndandanda wa Zolemba Zotulutsa umapangidwa, womwe umakhala ndi mndandanda wa ntchito zomwe ziyenera kuchitidwa pa seva kuti kutulutsidwa kotsatira kugwire ntchito. Mndandandawo unali ndi zigawo zingapo, ntchito yomwe iyenera kuchitidwa ndi woyang'anira, munthu amene ali ndi udindo wotulutsa, ndi woyambitsa. Madivelopa adalandira mwayi wopanda mizu kumaseva onse opanga, omwe adafulumizitsa chitukuko chonse komanso kuthetsa mavuto makamaka. Madivelopa amakhalanso ndi chidziwitso cha momwe kupanga kumagwirira ntchito, ndi ntchito ziti zomwe zimagawidwa, komwe komanso ndalama zofananira. Zina mwazolimbana nazo zakhala zomveka bwino, zomwe mosakayikira zimakhudza mtundu wa code. Kulankhulana pa nthawi yomasulidwa kunachitika mu macheza a mmodzi wa amithenga apompopompo. Choyamba, tinali ndi chipika cha zochita zonse, ndipo kachiwiri, kulankhulana kunachitika pamalo oyandikana nawo. Kukhala ndi mbiri yochitapo kanthu kwalola antchito atsopano kuthetsa mavuto mofulumira. Ndi zododometsa, koma izi nthawi zambiri zimathandizira ma admins okha. Sindinganene motsimikiza, koma zikuwoneka kwa ine kuti ma admins ayamba kumvetsetsa momwe polojekitiyi imagwirira ntchito komanso momwe idalembedwera. Nthawi zina tinkauzana mfundo zina. Nthawi yotulutsidwa yachepetsedwa kufika ola limodzi. Nthawi zina timatha mphindi 30-40. Chiwerengero cha nsikidzi chachepa kwambiri, ngati sichinabwere kakhumi. Zachidziwikire, zinthu zina zidapangitsanso kuchepa kwa nthawi yotulutsa, monga ma autotest. Pambuyo pa kutulutsidwa kulikonse, tinayamba kuchita zowonera zakale. Kuti gulu lonse likhale ndi lingaliro la zatsopano, zomwe zasinthidwa, ndi zomwe zachotsedwa. Tsoka ilo, ma admin samabwera kwa iwo nthawi zonse, chabwino, ma admin ali otanganidwa ... Kukhutira kwanga pantchito monga wopanga mosakayikira kwakula. Mukatha kuthetsa mwachangu vuto lililonse lomwe lili mdera lanu laluso, mumamva bwino. Pambuyo pake, ndimvetsetsa kuti pamlingo wina tinayambitsa chikhalidwe cha devops, osati kwathunthu, ndithudi, koma ngakhale chiyambi cha kusinthika chinali chochititsa chidwi.

Nkhani yachitatu
Yambitsani. Admin m'modzi, dipatimenti yachitukuko yaying'ono. Ndikafika, ndine zero, chifukwa ... Ndilibe mwayi kwina kulikonse kupatula kuchokera pamakalata. Timalembera kwa admin ndikufunsa mwayi. Kuphatikiza apo, pali zambiri zomwe akudziwa za wogwira ntchito watsopanoyo komanso kufunikira kotulutsa ma logins / mawu achinsinsi. Amapereka mwayi kuchokera kunkhokwe ndi VPN. Chifukwa chiyani mumapereka mwayi ku wiki, teamcity, rundesk? Zinthu zopanda pake kwa munthu yemwe adaitanidwa kuti alembe gawo lonse lakumbuyo. Pokhapokha m'kupita kwa nthawi pamene timapeza zida zina. Kufika, ndithudi, anakumana ndi kusakhulupirira. Ndikuyesera kuti ndimve pang'onopang'ono momwe zomangamanga za polojekitiyi zimagwirira ntchito kudzera pamacheza komanso mafunso otsogolera. Kwenikweni sindimazindikira kalikonse. Kupanga ndi bokosi lakuda lomwelo monga kale. Koma kuposa pamenepo, ngakhale ma seva omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa ndi bokosi lakuda. Sitingachite china chilichonse kupatula kutumiza nthambi kuchokera ku Git kumeneko. Sitingathenso kukonza pulogalamu yathu ngati mafayilo a .env. Kupeza ntchito zoterezi sikuloledwa. Muyenera kupempha kuti mzere usinthe pamakonzedwe a pulogalamu yanu pa seva yoyesera. (Pali chiphunzitso chakuti ndikofunikira kuti ma admins azidzimva kuti ndi ofunika pa polojekitiyi; ngati sanafunsidwe kusintha mizere mu configs, iwo sangafunikire). Chabwino, monga nthawi zonse, sikoyenera? Izi zimangotopetsa, titatha kukambirana mwachindunji ndi admin timapeza kuti opanga adabadwa kuti alembe ma code oyipa, mwachilengedwe ndi anthu osachita bwino ndipo ndi bwino kuwaletsa kupanga. Koma apanso kuchokera ku ma seva oyesera, ngati zingachitike. Mkanganowu ukukula msanga. Palibe kulumikizana ndi admin. Zinthu zikuipiraipira chifukwa chakuti ali yekha. Chotsatira ndi chithunzi chodziwika bwino. Kumasula. Zina sizikugwira ntchito. Zimatitengera nthawi yaitali kuti tidziwe zomwe zikuchitika, malingaliro osiyanasiyana ochokera kwa omanga amaponyedwa muzokambirana, koma olamulira muzochitika zotere nthawi zambiri amaganiza kuti opanga ndi omwe ali ndi mlandu. Kenako amalemba pamacheza, dikirani, ndidamuwongolera. Tikafunsidwa kusiya nkhani yofotokoza vuto, timalandira zifukwa zoopsa. Monga, musamangirire mphuno yanu pomwe si yoyenera. Madivelopa ayenera kulemba code. Zomwe zimachitika pamene mayendedwe ambiri a polojekiti amadutsa mwa munthu m'modzi yekha ndipo ndi iye yekha amene amatha kugwira ntchito zomwe aliyense amafunikira ndizomvetsa chisoni kwambiri. Munthu wotereyu ndi wovuta kwambiri. Ngati malingaliro a Devops amayesetsa kuchepetsa nthawi ndi msika, ndiye kuti anthu otere ndi mdani woipitsitsa wa malingaliro a Devops. Tsoka ilo, nsalu yotchinga imatseka apa.

PS Nditalankhula pang'ono za oyambitsa vs admins pamacheza ndi anthu, ndinakumana ndi anthu omwe amagawana nawo zowawa zanga. Koma panalinso ena amene ananena kuti sanakumanepo ndi zinthu ngati zimenezi. Pamsonkhano wina wa devops, ndinafunsa Anton Isanin (Banki ya Alfa) mmene anachitira ndi vuto la kutsekereza m’njira ya ma admins, ndipo iye anati: “Tinawaloŵa m’malo ndi mabatani.” Ndisanayiwale podcast ndi kutengapo mbali kwake. Ndikufuna kukhulupirira kuti pali ma admin ambiri abwino kuposa adani. Ndipo inde, chithunzicho pachiyambi ndi makalata enieni.

Chitsime: www.habr.com