Nkhaniyi ifananiza zida zosunga zobwezeretsera, koma choyamba muyenera kudziwa momwe zimakhalira mwachangu komanso moyenera ndikubwezeretsa deta kuchokera ku zosunga zobwezeretsera.
Kuti tifananize mosavuta, tilingalira zobwezeretsa kuchokera ku zosunga zobwezeretsera zonse, makamaka popeza onse ofuna kutsata amathandizira njirayi. Kuti zikhale zosavuta, ziwerengerozo zakhala zikuwerengedwa kale (masamu amatanthawuza a maulendo angapo). Zotsatirazi zidzakambidwa mwachidule patebulo, lomwe lidzakhalanso ndi chidziwitso chokhudza kuthekera: kukhalapo kwa mawonekedwe a intaneti, kumasuka kwa kukhazikitsidwa ndi kugwira ntchito, kuthekera kopanga makina, kukhalapo kwa zinthu zina zowonjezera (mwachitsanzo, kuyang'ana kukhulupirika kwa deta) , ndi zina. Ma grafu awonetsa katundu pa seva pomwe deta idzagwiritsidwa ntchito (osati seva yosungirako zosunga zobwezeretsera).
Kuchira kwa data
rsync ndi tar zidzagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malo ofotokozera kuyambira pamenepo zolemba zosavuta kupanga makope osunga zobwezeretsera.
Rsync adalimbana ndi mayeso omwe adayikidwa mumphindi 4 ndi masekondi 28, kuwonetsa
katundu wotere
Njira yobwezeretsa inagunda malire a disk subsystem ya seva yosungira zosunga zobwezeretsera (ma graph a sawtooth). Mutha kuwonanso kutsitsa kwa kernel imodzi popanda vuto (otsika iowait ndi softirq - palibe vuto ndi disk ndi netiweki, motsatana). Popeza mapulogalamu ena awiri, omwe ndi rdiff-backup ndi rsnapshot, amachokera ku rsync komanso amapereka rsync nthawi zonse ngati chida chochira, adzakhala ndi pafupifupi katundu wofanana ndi nthawi yobwezeretsa.
Tar ndinachichita mofulumira pang'ono
Mphindi 2 ndi masekondi 43:
Chiwerengero chonse cha dongosololi chinali chokwera pafupifupi ndi 20% chifukwa chakuwonjezeka kwa softirq - mtengo wamtengo wapatali panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito makina ochezera a pa Intaneti unawonjezeka.
Ngati zosungirazo zikakanikizidwanso, nthawi yochira imakwera mpaka mphindi 3 masekondi 19.
ndi katundu wotere pa seva yayikulu (kutsegula kumbali ya seva yayikulu):
Njira ya decompression imatenga ma processor cores onse chifukwa pali njira ziwiri zomwe zikuyenda. Kawirikawiri, izi ndizotsatira zomwe zikuyembekezeredwa. Komanso, zotsatira zofananira (mphindi 3 ndi masekondi a 20) zinapezedwa poyendetsa gzip kumbali ya seva ndi zosunga zobwezeretsera; mbiri ya katundu pa seva yaikulu inali yofanana kwambiri ndi kuthamanga phula popanda gzip compressor (onani graph yapitayi).
Π rdiff-zosunga zobwezeretsera mutha kulunzanitsa zosunga zomaliza zomwe mudapanga pogwiritsa ntchito rsync wokhazikika (zotsatira zake zidzakhala zofanana), koma zosunga zobwezeretsera zakale ziyenera kubwezeretsedwanso pogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu ya rdiff-backup, yomwe idamaliza kukonzanso mu mphindi 17 ndi masekondi 17, kuwonetsa.
katundu uyu:
Mwinamwake izi zinalinganizidwa, osachepera kuchepetsa liwiro la olemba . Njira yobwezeretsanso kopi yosungira imatenga pang'ono kuchepera theka la pachimake chimodzi, ndi magwiridwe antchito ofanana (mwachitsanzo, 2-5 nthawi pang'onopang'ono) pa disk ndi netiweki ndi rsync.
Chithunzithunzi Kuti mubwezeretse, zikuwonetsa kugwiritsa ntchito rsync wokhazikika, kotero zotsatira zake zidzakhala zofanana. Mwambiri, umu ndi momwe zidakhalira.
Phokoso Ndinamaliza ntchito yobwezeretsa zosunga zobwezeretsera mu mphindi 7 ndi masekondi 2 ndi
ndi katundu uyu:
Zinagwira ntchito mwachangu, ndipo ndizosavuta kuposa rsync yoyera: simuyenera kukumbukira mbendera zilizonse, mawonekedwe osavuta komanso owoneka bwino a cli, othandizira makope angapo - ngakhale amachedwa kawiri. Ngati mukufuna kubwezeretsa deta kuchokera ku zosunga zomaliza zomwe mudapanga, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito rsync, ndi machenjezo ochepa.
Pulogalamuyi inawonetsa pafupifupi liwiro lofanana ndi katundu Kubwezeretsa PC pothandizira rsync kusamutsa mode, kutumiza zosunga zobwezeretsera za
Mphindi 7 ndi masekondi 42:
Koma mumayendedwe otengera deta, BackupPC idalimbana ndi phula pang'onopang'ono: mu mphindi 12 ndi masekondi 15, kuchuluka kwa purosesa kudali kotsika.
nthawi imodzi ndi theka:
Kupindulitsa popanda kubisa adawonetsa zotsatira zabwinoko pang'ono, kubwezeretsa zosunga zobwezeretsera mphindi 10 ndi masekondi 58. Ngati mutsegula kubisa pogwiritsa ntchito gpg, nthawi yochira imakwera mpaka mphindi 15 ndi masekondi atatu. Komanso, popanga malo osungiramo makope, mutha kufotokoza kukula kwa zosungidwa zomwe zidzagwiritsidwe ntchito pogawa mtsinje wa data womwe ukubwera. Nthawi zambiri, pa hard drive wamba, komanso chifukwa cha mawonekedwe amtundu umodzi, palibe kusiyana kwakukulu. Itha kuwoneka pamiyeso yosiyana siyana ikagwiritsidwa ntchito kusungirako kosakanizidwa. Katundu pa seva yayikulu pakuchira anali motere:
palibe kubisa
ndi encryption
Bwerezani adawonetsa kuchira kofananako, ndikumaliza mu mphindi 13 ndi masekondi 45. Zinatenga pafupifupi mphindi 5 kuti muwone kulondola kwa zomwe zidabwezedwa (zokwana pafupifupi mphindi 19). Katunduyo anali
apamwamba kwambiri:
Pamene aes encryption inathandizidwa mkati, nthawi yobwezeretsa inali maminiti a 21 masekondi a 40, ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa CPU pamtunda wake (ma cores onse!) Poyang'ana deta, ulusi umodzi wokha unkagwira ntchito, umakhala ndi purosesa imodzi. Kuyang'ana deta mutatha kuchira kunatenga mphindi 5 zomwezo (pafupifupi mphindi 27 zonse).
chifukwa
duplicati inali yachangu pang'ono ndikuchira mukamagwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yakunja ya gpg kubisa, koma kawirikawiri kusiyana kwamitundu yam'mbuyomu kumakhala kochepa. Nthawi yogwira ntchito inali mphindi 16 masekondi 30, ndikutsimikizira kwa data mu mphindi 6. Katunduyo anali
monga:
AMANDA, pogwiritsa ntchito phula, anamaliza mu 2 mphindi 49 masekondi, amene, kwenikweni, ali pafupi kwambiri phula wokhazikika. Katundu pa dongosolo mfundo
momwemonso:
Pamene kubwezeretsa zosunga zobwezeretsera ntchito zbackup zotsatira zotsatirazi zidapezedwa:
encryption, lzma compression
Nthawi yothamanga 11 mphindi 8 masekondi
AES encryption, lzma compression
Nthawi yogwira ntchito ndi mphindi 14
AES encryption, lzo compression
Nthawi yothamanga 6 mphindi, 19 masekondi
Zonse, osati zoipa. Zonse zimatengera kuthamanga kwa purosesa pa seva yosunga zobwezeretsera, yomwe imatha kuwoneka bwino kuyambira nthawi yoyendetsera pulogalamuyo ndi ma compressor osiyanasiyana. Pa mbali ya seva yosunga zobwezeretsera, phula lokhazikika linayambika, kotero ngati mukuliyerekeza ndi ilo, kuchira kumakhala pang'onopang'ono katatu. Zingakhale zoyenera kuyang'ana ntchitoyo mumayendedwe amitundu yambiri, ndi ulusi woposa awiri.
BorgBackup m'mawonekedwe osadziwika anali pang'onopang'ono kuposa phula, mu maminiti a 2 masekondi 45, komabe, mosiyana ndi phula, zinali zotheka kubwereza chosungiracho. Katunduyo adakhala
zotsatirazi:
Ngati mutsegula blake-based encryption, liwiro losunga zosunga zobwezeretsera limachepa pang'ono. Nthawi yobwezeretsa munjira iyi ndi mphindi 3 masekondi 19, ndipo katundu wapita
ngati chonchi:
AES encryption ndi pang'onopang'ono pang'onopang'ono, kuchira nthawi ndi 3 mphindi 23 masekondi, katundu makamaka
sizinasinthe:
Popeza Borg akhoza kugwira ntchito mu mode Mipikisano ulusi, ndi purosesa katundu pazipita, ndipo pamene ntchito zina adamulowetsa, nthawi opareshoni kumangowonjezera. Mwachiwonekere, ndi koyenera kufufuza ma multithreading mofanana ndi zbackup.
Zoletsa Kulimbana ndi kuchira pang'onopang'ono, nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito inali mphindi 4 masekondi 28. Katundu ankawoneka ngati
kotero:
Mwachiwonekere njira yobwezeretsa imagwira ntchito mu ulusi wambiri, koma kugwira ntchito bwino sikuli kokwera ngati kwa BorgBackup, koma kufananizidwa ndi nthawi ndi rsync wokhazikika.
Ndi chithandizo cha urBackup Zinali zotheka kubwezeretsa deta mu mphindi 8 ndi masekondi 19, katundu anali
monga:
Katundu akadali wosakwera kwambiri, ngakhale wotsika kuposa wa phula. M'malo ena pali kuphulika, koma osaposa katundu wa pachimake chimodzi.
Kusankha ndi kulungamitsidwa kwa mfundo zofananira
Monga tafotokozera m'modzi mwazolemba zam'mbuyomu, zosunga zobwezeretsera ziyenera kukwaniritsa izi:
- Kusavuta kugwiritsa ntchito
- Kusagwirizana
- Khazikika
- Kuthamanga
Ndikoyenera kulingalira mfundo iliyonse payekha mwatsatanetsatane.
Kusavuta kugwira ntchito
Ndibwino kuti pakakhala batani limodzi "Chitani zonse bwino," koma ngati mubwerera ku mapulogalamu enieni, chinthu chabwino kwambiri chidzakhala mfundo yodziwika bwino komanso yokhazikika.
Ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri atha kukhala bwino ngati sakuyenera kukumbukira makiyi ambiri a cli, sinthani zosankha zingapo, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zobisika kudzera pa intaneti kapena tui, kapena kukhazikitsa zidziwitso za ntchito yosapambana. Izi zikuphatikizanso kuthekera "kokwanira" yankho losunga zobwezeretsera muzokhazikika zomwe zilipo, komanso zodzichitira zokha zosunga zobwezeretsera. Palinso mwayi woyikapo pogwiritsa ntchito woyang'anira phukusi, kapena mu lamulo limodzi kapena awiri monga "kutsitsa ndi kumasula". curl ΡΡΡΠ»ΠΊΠ° | sudo bash - njira yovuta, popeza muyenera kuyang'ana zomwe zimabwera kudzera pa ulalo.
Mwachitsanzo, mwa osankhidwa omwe amaganiziridwa, njira yosavuta ndi burp, rdiff-backup ndi restic, yomwe ili ndi makiyi a mnemonic amitundu yosiyanasiyana yogwiritsira ntchito. Zovuta pang'ono ndizo borg ndi kubwereza. Chovuta kwambiri chinali AMANDA. Ena onse ali penapake pakati ponena za kumasuka ntchito. Mulimonsemo, ngati mukufuna masekondi oposa 30 kuti muwerenge buku la ogwiritsa ntchito, kapena muyenera kupita ku Google kapena injini ina yosakira, komanso kupyola papepala lalitali la chithandizo, chisankhocho ndi chovuta, njira imodzi kapena ina.
Ena mwa omwe amaganiziridwa amatha kutumiza uthenga kudzera pa e-mailjabber, pomwe ena amadalira zidziwitso zokhazikitsidwa mudongosolo. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zambiri mayankho ovuta amakhala opanda mawonekedwe achenjezo. Mulimonsemo, ngati pulogalamu yosunga zobwezeretsera ikupanga nambala yobwereza yopanda zero, yomwe idzamvetsetsedwe bwino ndi ntchito yanthawi ndi nthawi (uthenga udzatumizidwa kwa woyang'anira dongosolo kapena mwachindunji kuwunika) - zinthu ndizosavuta. Koma ngati dongosolo losunga zobwezeretsera, lomwe silikuyenda pa seva yosunga zobwezeretsera, silingakonzedwe, njira yodziwikiratu yonena za vutoli ndikuti zovutazo zayamba kale. Mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, kupereka machenjezo ndi mauthenga ena kumawonekedwe a intaneti okha kapena ku chipika ndi khalidwe loipa, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amanyalanyazidwa.
Ponena za automation, pulogalamu yosavuta imatha kuwerenga zosintha za chilengedwe zomwe zimayika mawonekedwe ake, kapena ili ndi cli yotukuka yomwe imatha kubwereza khalidweli pogwira ntchito pa intaneti, mwachitsanzo. Izi zikuphatikizanso mwayi wogwira ntchito mosalekeza, kupezeka kwa mwayi wokulitsa, ndi zina.
Kusagwirizana
Kubwereza pang'ono ndime yapitayi yokhudzana ndi makina, sikuyenera kukhala vuto linalake "kugwirizanitsa" ndondomeko yosungiramo zinthu zomwe zilipo kale.
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito madoko osagwirizana (chabwino, kupatula mawonekedwe a intaneti) pantchito, kukhazikitsidwa kwa encryption m'njira yosagwirizana, kusinthanitsa kwa data pogwiritsa ntchito protocol yosagwirizana ndi zizindikiro za - njira yonse. Nthawi zambiri, onse ofuna kukhala nawo amakhala nawo mwanjira imodzi kapena imzake pazifukwa zodziwikiratu: kuphweka ndi kusinthasintha nthawi zambiri sizimayendera limodzi. Monga kuchotsera - burp, pali ena.
Monga chizindikiro - kuthekera kugwira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito ssh wamba.
Liwiro la ntchito
Mfundo yotsutsana kwambiri komanso yotsutsana. Kumbali imodzi, tinayambitsa ndondomekoyi, inagwira ntchito mwamsanga ndipo sinasokoneze ntchito zazikulu. Kumbali inayi, pali kuchuluka kwa magalimoto ndi purosesa panthawi yosungira. Ndizofunikanso kudziwa kuti mapulogalamu othamanga kwambiri opanga makope nthawi zambiri amakhala osauka kwambiri potengera ntchito zomwe ndizofunikira kwa ogwiritsa ntchito. Apanso: ngati kuti mupeze fayilo imodzi yatsoka ya ma byte makumi angapo kukula kwake ndi mawu achinsinsi, komanso chifukwa chake ndalama zonse zautumiki (inde, inde, ndikumvetsetsa kuti zosunga zobwezeretsera nthawi zambiri siziyenera kulakwa pano), ndipo muyenera kuwerenganso motsatizana mafayilo onse omwe ali munkhokwe kapena kukulitsa zosungira zonse - zosunga zobwezeretsera sizimathamanga. Mfundo ina yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala chopunthwitsa ndi liwiro la kutumiza zosunga zobwezeretsera kuchokera ku zakale. Pali mwayi womveka pano kwa iwo omwe amatha kukopera kapena kusuntha mafayilo kumalo omwe akufunidwa popanda kusokoneza kwambiri (rsync, mwachitsanzo), koma nthawi zambiri vutoli liyenera kuthetsedwa mwadongosolo, molimbika: poyesa nthawi yobwezeretsa zosunga zobwezeretsera. ndikudziwitsa ogwiritsa ntchito momasuka za izi.
Khazikika
Izi ziyenera kumveka motere: kumbali imodzi, ziyenera kutheka kuyika zosunga zobwezeretsera mwanjira ina iliyonse, komano, ziyenera kukhala zosagwirizana ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana: kusokonezeka kwa netiweki, kulephera kwa disk, kufufutidwa kwa gawo la posungira.
Kufananiza zida zosungira
Koperani nthawi yopanga
Koperani nthawi yobwezeretsa
Kuika kosavuta
Kukonzekera kosavuta
Ntchito yosavuta
Zodzipangira zosavuta
Kodi mukufuna seva ya kasitomala?
Kuwona kukhulupirika kwa chosungira
Makope osiyanasiyana
Kugwira ntchito paipi
Kusagwirizana
Kudziimira
Posungira kuwonekera
Kubisa
Kupanikizika
Kuchepetsa
Mawonekedwe a intaneti
Kudzaza mtambo
Thandizo la Windows
Zotsatira
Rsync
4 m15 ku
4 m28 ku
inde
palibe
palibe
palibe
inde
palibe
palibe
inde
palibe
inde
inde
palibe
palibe
palibe
palibe
palibe
inde
6
Tar
choyera
3 m12 ku
2 m43 ku
inde
palibe
palibe
palibe
palibe
palibe
inde
inde
palibe
inde
palibe
palibe
palibe
palibe
palibe
palibe
inde
8,5
gzip
9 m37 ku
3 m19 ku
inde
Rdiff-zosunga zobwezeretsera
16 m26 ku
17 m17 ku
inde
inde
inde
inde
inde
palibe
inde
palibe
inde
palibe
inde
palibe
inde
inde
inde
palibe
inde
11
Chithunzithunzi
4 m19 ku
4 m28 ku
inde
inde
inde
inde
palibe
palibe
inde
palibe
inde
palibe
inde
palibe
palibe
inde
inde
palibe
inde
12,5
Phokoso
11 m9 ku
7 m2 ku
inde
palibe
inde
inde
inde
inde
inde
palibe
inde
inde
palibe
palibe
inde
palibe
inde
palibe
inde
10,5
Kupindulitsa
palibe kubisa
16 m48 ku
10 m58 ku
inde
inde
palibe
inde
palibe
inde
inde
palibe
palibe
inde
palibe
inde
inde
palibe
inde
palibe
inde
11
gpg
17 m27 ku
15 m3 ku
Bwerezani
palibe kubisa
20 m28 ku
13 m45 ku
palibe
inde
palibe
palibe
palibe
inde
inde
palibe
palibe
inde
palibe
inde
inde
inde
inde
inde
inde
11
aes
29 m41 ku
21 m40 ku
gpg
26 m19 ku
16 m30 ku
zbackup
palibe kubisa
40 m3 ku
11 m8 ku
inde
inde
palibe
palibe
palibe
inde
inde
inde
palibe
inde
palibe
inde
inde
inde
palibe
palibe
palibe
10
aes
42 m0 ku
14 m1 ku
ayi+lzo
18 m9 ku
6 m19 ku
BorgBackup
palibe kubisa
4 m7 ku
2 m45 ku
inde
inde
inde
inde
inde
inde
inde
inde
inde
inde
palibe
inde
inde
inde
inde
palibe
inde
16
aes
4 m58 ku
3 m23 ku
alireza
4 m39 ku
3 m19 ku
Zoletsa
5 m38 ku
4 m28 ku
inde
inde
inde
inde
palibe
inde
inde
inde
inde
inde
palibe
inde
palibe
inde
palibe
inde
inde
15,5
urBackup
8 m21 ku
8 m19 ku
inde
inde
inde
palibe
inde
palibe
inde
palibe
inde
inde
palibe
inde
inde
inde
inde
palibe
inde
12
Amanda
9 m3 ku
2 m49 ku
inde
palibe
palibe
inde
inde
inde
inde
palibe
inde
inde
inde
inde
inde
palibe
inde
inde
inde
13
Kubwezeretsa PC
rsync
12 m22 ku
7 m42 ku
inde
palibe
inde
inde
inde
inde
inde
palibe
inde
palibe
palibe
inde
inde
palibe
inde
palibe
inde
10,5
tar
12 m34 ku
12 m15 ku
Table legend:
- Green, nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito osakwana mphindi zisanu, kapena yankhani "Inde" (kupatulapo gawo "Mukufuna seva ya kasitomala?"), 1 mfundo
- Yellow, nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito mphindi zisanu mpaka khumi, 0.5 mfundo
- Chofiira, nthawi yogwira ntchito ndi yoposa mphindi khumi, kapena yankho ndi "Ayi" (kupatula gawo "Kodi mukufuna seva ya kasitomala?"), 0 mfundo
Malinga ndi tebulo pamwambapa, chosavuta, chachangu, komanso nthawi yomweyo chida chothandizira komanso champhamvu chosunga zobwezeretsera ndi BorgBackup. Restic adatenga malo achiwiri, ena onse omwe adaganiziridwa adayikidwa pafupifupi mofanana ndikufalikira kwa mfundo imodzi kapena ziwiri kumapeto.
Ndikuthokoza aliyense amene amawerenga mndandanda mpaka kumapeto, ndikupempha kuti tikambirane zomwe mungachite ndikupereka zanu, ngati zilipo. Pamene kukambirana kukupitirira, tebulo likhoza kukulitsidwa.
Zotsatira za mndandandawu udzakhala nkhani yomaliza, momwe padzakhala kuyesa kupanga chida choyenera, chofulumira komanso chokhazikika chomwe chimakulolani kuti mutumizenso kopi mu nthawi yaifupi kwambiri ndipo nthawi yomweyo ikhale yabwino komanso yosavuta. kukonza ndi kukonza.
Kulengeza
Zosunga zobwezeretsera Gawo 6: Kuyerekeza Zida zosunga zobwezeretsera
Zosunga zobwezeretsera Gawo 7: Mapeto
Source: www.habr.com