Chitetezo cha data chimafunika - zosunga zobwezeretsera zomwe mungathe kuzibwezeretsa. Kwa makampani ndi mabungwe ambiri, kusunga deta ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri. Pafupifupi theka la makampani amawona deta yawo ngati chuma chamtengo wapatali. Ndipo mtengo wa deta yosungidwa ukukula nthawi zonse. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupititsa patsogolo ntchito zamakasitomala, kuthandizira zochitika zamakono, kafukufuku ndi chitukuko, kuwerengera ndalama, akukhudzidwa ndi machitidwe opangira makina, intaneti ya zinthu, nzeru zopangira, etc. Choncho, ntchito yoteteza deta ku zolephera za hardware, anthu. zolakwika, ma virus ndi kuukira kwa cyber kumakhala kofulumira kwambiri.
Padziko lonse lapansi pali kuwonjezeka kwa umbanda wa pa intaneti. Chaka chatha, makampani opitilira 70% adakumana ndi vuto la cyber. Kusokoneza zambiri zamakasitomala ndi mafayilo achinsinsi kumatha kukhala ndi zotulukapo zazikulu ndikubweretsa kutayika kwakukulu.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chikhalidwe chogwira ntchito ndi deta chikuwonekera, kumvetsetsa kuti deta ndi chinthu chamtengo wapatali chomwe kampani ikhoza kupanga phindu linalake kapena kuchepetsa ndalama, ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo chikhumbo chotsimikizira chitetezo chodalirika cha deta yake.
Pali zosankha zingapo zosunga zobwezeretsera: kusungirako kwanuko kapena kutali kwa zosunga zobwezeretsera patsamba lanu, kusungirako mitambo kapena zosunga zobwezeretsera kuchokera kwa omwe akuchititsa.
Sungani ndi kuteteza
Monga zotsatira za kafukufuku zikuwonetsa, pafupifupi kotala la ofunsidwa amasunga deta mwezi uliwonse, chiwerengero chomwecho - mlungu uliwonse, ndi kupitirira kotala - tsiku lililonse. Ndipo izi ndizomveka: chifukwa chakudziwiratu koteroko, pafupifupi 70% ya mabungwe adapewa nthawi yopuma chifukwa cha kutayika kwa deta chaka chatha. Zida zotsogola zamapulogalamu ndi ntchito zimawathandiza kuchita izi.
Malingana ndi IDC ya msika wapadziko lonse wa pulogalamu yoteteza deta (Data Replication and Protection), malonda ake padziko lonse lapansi adzakula kuchokera ku 2018 mpaka 2022 pachaka ndi 4,7% ndikufikira $ 8,7 biliyoni. Ofufuza a DecisionDatabases.com mu lipoti lawo () adatsimikiza kuti msika wapadziko lonse lapansi wosunga zosunga zobwezeretsera udzakula pa CAGR ya 7,6% pazaka zisanu zikubwerazi, kufika $2024 biliyoni mu 2,456, kuchokera pa $1,836 biliyoni mu 2019.
Mu Okutobala 2019, Gartner adapereka "magic quadrant" yosunga zosunga zobwezeretsera ndi kuchira pulogalamu yama data center IT. Otsatsa otsogola a pulogalamuyi ndi Commvault, Veeam, Veritas, Dell EMC ndi IBM.
Pa nthawi yomweyi, kutchuka kwa zosunga zobwezeretsera mtambo kukukulirakulira: kugulitsa zinthu ndi mautumikiwa kukuyembekezeka kukula kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa msika wa pulogalamu yoteteza deta yonse. Malinga ndi Gartner, chaka chino mpaka 20% yamabizinesi adzagwiritsa ntchito zosunga zobwezeretsera pamtambo.
Malinga ndi zolosera za Marketintellica, msika wapadziko lonse wa mapulogalamu opangira ndi kusunga zosunga zobwezeretsera pamalopo komanso patsamba la anthu ena (kunja kwa malo) ukukula pang'onopang'ono posachedwapa.
Malinga ndi IKS Consulting, ku Russia gawo la "cloud backup as a service" (BaaS) ndi . Malinga ndi Mu 2019, makampani akudalira kwambiri zosunga zobwezeretsera pamtambo: opitilira 48% omwe adafunsidwa amagwiritsa ntchito, ndipo pafupifupi 27% amakonda kuphatikiza zosunga zobwezeretsera zamtambo ndi zakomweko.
Zofunikira pazosunga zosunga zobwezeretsera
Pakadali pano, zofunika zosunga zobwezeretsera deta ndi pulogalamu yobwezeretsa zikusintha. Pofuna kuthetsa bwino mavuto otetezera deta ndikuwonjezera ndalama, makampani ali okonzeka kugula njira zosavuta, zosinthika komanso zotsika mtengo, akatswiri a Gartner amakhulupirira. Njira zachikhalidwe zotetezera deta sizimakwaniritsa zofunikira zatsopano.
Njira zosunga zobwezeretsera ndi kubwezeretsanso zikuyenera kupereka njira yosavuta yotumizira ndi kuyang'anira, kasamalidwe kabwino ka zosunga zobwezeretsera ndi kuchira, ndikubwezeretsanso mwachangu deta. Mayankho amakono nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ntchito zobwerezabwereza deta, amakulolani kuti muzitha kugwira ntchito, perekani kusakanikirana ndi mitambo, ntchito zosungiramo zosungiramo zosungiramo, ndikuthandizira zithunzithunzi za hardware za deta.
Malinga ndi Gartner, m'zaka ziwiri zikubwerazi, mpaka 40% yamakampani asintha njira zatsopano zosungira, m'malo mwa mapulogalamu omwe alipo, ndipo ambiri adzagwiritsa ntchito nthawi imodzi zinthu zingapo kapena ntchito zomwe zimateteza machitidwe ena. Chifukwa chiyani sakukhutitsidwa ndi zosunga zobwezeretsera zam'mbuyo ndi mayankho a data?
Zonse mwa chimodzi
Ofufuza amakhulupirira kuti chifukwa cha kusinthaku, makampani amalandira machitidwe osinthika, osinthika, osavuta komanso opindulitsa, omwe nthawi zambiri amaimira mapulogalamu ogwirizana oyendetsa ndi kusunga deta. Zosunga zobwezeretsera zapamwamba komanso zobwezeretsa zimaphatikizanso zida zowongolera bwino deta, kutha kusuntha deta komwe imasungidwa bwino (kuphatikiza zokha), kuiwongolera, kuiteteza ndikuyibwezeretsa.
Ndi kukula kosiyanasiyana ndi kuchuluka kwa deta, chitetezo chokwanira ndi kasamalidwe ka deta chimakhala chofunikira kwambiri: mafayilo, ma database, deta yeniyeni ndi mtambo, mapulogalamu, komanso kupeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya deta mu pulayimale, yachiwiri ndi yosungirako mitambo.
Mayankho atsatanetsatane kasamalidwe ka data amapereka kasamalidwe kogwirizana kwa data pamtundu wonse wa IT: zosunga zobwezeretsera, kuchira, kusungitsa zakale ndi kasamalidwe kazithunzi. Komabe, olamulira ayenera kumvetsetsa bwino lomwe, kwa nthawi yayitali bwanji, ndi deta iti yomwe imasungidwa, ndi ndondomeko ziti zomwe zimagwira ntchito. Kubwezeretsanso mwachangu kwa mapulogalamu, makina enieni, ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito kuchokera pamalopo kapena kusungirako deta pamtambo kumachepetsa nthawi yopumira, pomwe zodzichitira zimachepetsa zolakwika zamunthu.
Mabungwe akuluakulu omwe ali ndi cholowa, machitidwe amakono ndi amakono nthawi zambiri amasankha machitidwe osungira omwe amathandizira machitidwe osiyanasiyana ogwiritsira ntchito, mapulogalamu, hypervisors ndi maubwenzi apamtima, ndi owopsa kwambiri (mpaka ma petabytes angapo ndi zikwi za makasitomala), ndikuphatikizana ndi osiyanasiyana kachitidwe deta yosungirako, pagulu, payekha ndi mitambo wosakanizidwa ndi abulusa tepi.
Monga lamulo, awa ndi nsanja zokhala ndi zomanga zamagulu atatu a othandizira, ma seva atolankhani ndi seva yoyang'anira. Atha kuphatikiza zosunga zobwezeretsera ndi kuchira, kusungitsa zakale, kubwezeretsa masoka (DR) ndi ntchito zosunga zobwezeretsera pamtambo, ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito pogwiritsa ntchito luntha lochita kupanga ndi makina ophunzirira makina.
Malinga ndi Forrester, kuyang'anira pakati pa magwero a deta, ndondomeko, kubwezeretsa deta yodalirika ndi chitetezo ndizofunikira kwambiri zothetsera zosunga zobwezeretsera.
Mayankho amakono amatha kupanga ma backups ozikidwa pazithunzi zamakina nthawi iliyonse popanda kukhudza momwe magwiridwe antchito amapangidwira. Amatseka kusiyana pakati pa Recovery Point Objective (RPO) ndi Recovery Time Objective (RTO), kuwonetsetsa kupezeka kwa data nthawi zonse ndikuwonetsetsa kuti bizinesi ikuyenda bwino.
Kukula kwa data
Pakalipano, dziko lapansi likupitirizabe kukumana ndi kukula kwakukulu kwa kuchuluka kwa deta yomwe ikupangidwa, ndipo izi zidzapitirirabe m'zaka zikubwerazi. Malingana ndi IDC, chiwerengero cha deta chomwe chinapangidwa pachaka chidzakula kuchokera ku 2018 mpaka 2025 kuchokera ku 33 mpaka 175 ZB. Kukula kwapakati pachaka kudzaposa 27%. Kukula kumeneku kumakhudzidwanso ndi kuchuluka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti. Chaka chatha, 53% ya anthu padziko lapansi adagwiritsa ntchito intaneti. Chiwerengero cha ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti chimawonjezeka chaka chilichonse ndi 15-20%. Ukadaulo watsopano komanso womwe ukupita patsogolo monga 5G, kanema wa UHD, analytics, IoT, luntha lochita kupanga, AR/VR akuphatikiza kutulutsidwa kwa ma data ambiri. Zosangalatsa ndi makanema kuchokera ku makamera a CCTV ndizomwe zimakulitsa deta. Mwachitsanzo, msika wosungira makanema owonera makamera akuyembekezeka ndi MarketsandMarkets kukula 22,4% pachaka kufikira $ 18,28 biliyoni chaka chino.
Kukula kwakukulu kwa kuchuluka kwa deta yopangidwa.
Pazaka ziwiri kapena zitatu zapitazi, kuchuluka kwa data pamakampani kwakula pafupifupi motsatana. Chifukwa chake, ntchito yosunga zosunga zobwezeretsera yakhala yovuta kwambiri. Kusungirako deta kumafika mazana a ma terabyte ndipo kumapitirira kuwonjezeka pamene deta ikuchuluka. Kutaya ngakhale gawo la deta iyi sikungakhudze njira zamabizinesi okha, komanso kukhudza mbiri yamtundu kapena kukhulupirika kwamakasitomala. Chifukwa chake, kupanga ndi kusungirako zosunga zobwezeretsera kumakhudza kwambiri bizinesi yonse.
Zingakhale zovuta kuyang'ana zopereka za ogulitsa omwe amapereka zosankha zawo zosunga zobwezeretsera. Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira ndi kusunga zosunga zobwezeretsera, koma zodziwika kwambiri ndi machitidwe osunga zobwezeretsera am'deralo komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito zamtambo. Kusunga zosunga zobwezeretsera kumtambo kapena kumalo opangira data kumapereka chitetezo chodalirika cha data ndikuchepetsa kuopsa kokhudzana ndi kulephera kwa mapulogalamu, kuwonongeka kwa zida zaukadaulo ndi zolakwika za ogwira ntchito.
Kusamukira kumitambo
Zambiri zitha kusonkhanitsidwa ndikusungidwa m'malo anu opangira ma data, koma muyenera kuwonetsetsa kulekerera zolakwika, kuphatikizika ndi kukulitsa luso, ndikukhala ndi akatswiri odziwa bwino ntchito yosungiramo zinthu pa ogwira ntchito. M'mikhalidwe iyi, kutumizira zinthu zonsezi kwa wothandizira ndikofunikira kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mukamasunga nkhokwe pamalo opangira data kapena pamtambo, mutha kupatsa udindo wosunga, kusungitsa deta, ndikugwiritsa ntchito nkhokwe kwa akatswiri. Woperekayo adzakhala ndi udindo pazachuma pa mgwirizano wautumiki. Mwa zina, izi zimakulolani kuti mutumize msanga kasinthidwe wokhazikika kuti muthe kuthana ndi vuto linalake, komanso kuwonetsetsa kupezeka kwapamwamba kudzera pakubwezeredwa kwazinthu zamakompyuta ndi zosunga zobwezeretsera.
Mu 2019 voliyumu idakwana $1834,3 miliyoni ndipo ikuyembekezeka kufika $2026 miliyoni pakutha kwa 4229,3 ndikukula kwapakati pachaka kwa 12,5%.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, deta yowonjezereka idzasungidwa osati mumagulu amakampani komanso osati pazida zomaliza, koma mumtambo, ndipo, malinga ndi IDC, gawo la deta mumtambo wa anthu lidzakula kufika 2025% pofika 42. Kuphatikiza apo, mabungwe akupita kuzinthu zamtambo zamitundu yambiri komanso zosakanizidwa. Njirayi ikutsatiridwa kale ndi 90% yamakampani aku Europe.
Kusunga mtambo ndi njira yosunga zobwezeretsera deta yomwe imaphatikizapo kutumiza kopi ya data pa netiweki ku seva yomwe siili patsamba. Iyi ndi seva ya opereka chithandizo yomwe imalipiritsa kasitomala potengera kuchuluka komwe wapatsidwa, momwe amachitira, kapena kuchuluka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito.
Kufalikira kwa matekinoloje amtambo komanso kufunikira koyang'anira kuchuluka kwa data kukuyendetsa kutchuka kwa mayankho osunga zobwezeretsera mitambo. Kuphatikiza apo, kukhazikitsidwa kwa mayankho osunga zobwezeretsera pamtambo kumabweretsa zopindulitsa monga kuwongolera kosavuta ndi kuyang'anira, zosunga zobwezeretsera zenizeni zenizeni ndi kuchira, kuphatikiza kosavuta kwa zosunga zobwezeretsera zamtambo ndi mapulogalamu ena abizinesi, kuchotsera deta, ndikuthandizira makasitomala osiyanasiyana.
Ofufuza amawona osewera ofunika pamsikawu ndi Acronis, Asigra, Barracuda Networks, Carbonite, Code42 Software, Datto, Druva Software, Efolder, IBM, Iron Mountain ndi Microsoft.
Multicloud chilengedwe
Ogulitsa zosungirako akugwira ntchito molimbika kuti awonetsetse kuti malonda awo akuyenda bwino mumtambo wamitundu yambiri. Cholinga chake ndikupangitsa kuti deta ikhale yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, kuisuntha komwe ikufunika, ndikusunga bwino. Mwachitsanzo, amagwiritsa ntchito mafayilo omwe amagawidwa m'badwo wotsatira omwe amathandizira malo amodzi a dzina, kupereka mwayi wopeza deta kumadera osiyanasiyana amtambo, ndikupereka njira zoyendetsera kayendetsedwe kawo ndi ndondomeko pamitambo ndi pa malo. Cholinga chachikulu ndikuwongolera, kuteteza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito bwino deta, kulikonse komwe kumakhala.
Kuwunika ndi vuto lina la kusungirako mitambo yambiri. Mufunika zida zowunikira kuti muwone zotsatira mumtambo wamitundu yambiri. Chida chodziyimira palokha chopangidwira mitambo yambiri chidzapereka chithunzi chachikulu.
Zoneneratu zakukula kwa msika wapadziko lonse lapansi wamakina owongolera amitundu yambiri.
Kuphatikiza m'mphepete ndi kusungirako mitambo yambiri kumakhalanso kovuta. Kuti machitidwewa azigwira ntchito limodzi bwino, muyenera kudziwa kuchuluka kwake ndi mitundu ya deta, komwe ndi momwe deta iyi idzasonkhanitsidwira, kutumizidwa ndi kusungidwa. Kuti mukonzekere ndondomekoyi, mudzafunikanso kudziwa kuti mtundu uliwonse wa deta uyenera kusungidwa nthawi yayitali bwanji, kuti, liti komanso kuchuluka kwa deta yomwe idzafunikire kusamutsidwa pakati pa machitidwe osiyanasiyana ndi mapulaneti amtambo, ndi momwe zimakhalira kumbuyo ndi kutetezedwa.
Zonsezi zidzathandiza olamulira kuchepetsa zovuta zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuphatikiza m'mphepete ndi kusungirako mitambo yambiri.
Deta m'mphepete
Njira ina ndi komputa yam'mphepete. Malinga ndi akatswiri a Gartner, m'zaka zikubwerazi, pafupifupi theka la deta yonse yamakampani idzasinthidwa kunja kwa malo osungiramo zidziwitso zachikhalidwe kapena mtambo: gawo lowonjezereka la izo liri pamphepete mwa nyanja - kusungirako ndi kusanthula kwanuko. Malinga ndi IDC, m'chigawo cha EMEA gawo la "zotumphukira" likhala pafupifupi kawiri - kuchokera pa 11% mpaka 21% ya onse. Zifukwa ndi kufalikira kwa intaneti ya zinthu, kusamutsidwa kwa analytics ndi kukonza deta pafupi ndi gwero lawo.
Zomangamanga zozungulira - malo opangira ma data amitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mawonekedwe - amapereka kuthekera kokwanira pakukonza ndi kusunga deta ndikupereka latency yotsika. Pachifukwa ichi, zosintha zimakonzedwa mu gawo la ma data omwe ali pakatikati pa network/data center, pamphepete mwake komanso pazida zomaliza.
Kusintha kuchokera ku cloud ndi centralized computing kupita ku edge computing kwayamba kale. Machitidwe otere akukula kwambiri. Mtengo ndi zovuta kupanga zomanga zapakati pakukonza ma data ambiri ndizoletsedwa, ndipo dongosolo lotereli limatha kusamalidwa bwino poyerekeza ndi kugawa kusanthula kwa data m'mphepete kapena pamlingo woyenera pa intaneti. Kuphatikiza apo, m'mphepete mwake mutha kuphatikizira kapena kusokoneza deta musanatumize kumtambo.
Deta kunja
Makampani ena amakonda kusunga deta kunja, poganizira izi kuti apereke chitetezo chodalirika cha deta kuchokera ku mwayi wosaloleka komanso chinthu chofunika kwambiri chochepetsera chiopsezo. Deta kunja ndi chitsimikizo cha kuteteza mfundo zamtengo wapatali. Zida zomwe zili kunja sizili pansi pa ulamuliro wa Russia. Ndipo chifukwa cha kubisa, ogwira ntchito ku data center sangakhale ndi mwayi wopeza deta yanu nkomwe. Malo amakono akunja akunja amagwiritsa ntchito zida zodalirika kwambiri, kuonetsetsa kuti zizindikiro zodalirika kwambiri pamlingo wa data center wonse.
Kugwiritsa ntchito zidziwitso zakunja kungakhale ndi maubwino ena angapo. Wofuna chithandizo ali ndi inshuwaransi motsutsana ndi zoopsa zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi force majeure kapena mpikisano wopanda chilungamo. Kugwiritsa ntchito nsanja zotere posungira ndi kukonza deta kudzachepetsa zoopsa zotere. Mwachitsanzo, pakagwa seva ku Russia, kampani imatha kusunga kachitidwe kake ndi deta m'malo akunja akunja.
Monga lamulo, zomangamanga za IT za malo akunja a data zimatanthawuza miyezo yapamwamba, chitetezo chapamwamba komanso kusungirako deta. Amagwiritsa ntchito njira zaposachedwa za IT, zozimitsa moto, matekinoloje olumikizira njira zolumikizirana, komanso chitetezo ku DDoS. Mphamvu yamagetsi ya data center imayendetsedwanso ndi kudalirika kwakukulu (mpaka TIER III ndi IV).
Sungani ku zofunikira pa bizinesi iliyonse ku Russian Federation yomwe siigwira ntchito ndi deta yaumwini ya ogwiritsa ntchito, kusungirako ndi kukonza zomwe, malinga ndi Lamulo No. 152-FZ "Pa Data Personal," ziyenera kuchitika ku Russia. Zofunikira izi zitha kukwaniritsidwa potumiza masamba awiri: yayikulu ku Russia, komwe kukonzedwa koyambirira kwa data kumachitika, ndi yakunja, komwe makope osunga zobwezeretsera amapezeka.
Masamba akunja amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malo osungira deta. Izi zimatsimikizira chitetezo chokwanira ndi kudalirika ndikuchepetsa zoopsa. Nthawi zina, ndi yabwino kusunga deta ndikulumikiza makasitomala aku Europe. Izi zimakwaniritsa nthawi zabwinoko zoyankhira kwa ogwiritsa ntchito aku Europe. Malo osungiramo data oterewa ali ndi mwayi wopita kumalo osinthira magalimoto ku Ulaya. Mwachitsanzo, ife kwa makasitomala ake malo 4 oyika data ku Europe - Zurich (Switzerland), Frankfurt (Germany), London (Great Britain) ndi Amsterdam (Netherlands).
Kodi muyenera kuganizira chiyani posankha malo opangira data?
Pogwiritsa ntchito mautumiki a malo ogulitsa malonda, kuwonjezera pa ndondomeko yabwino yamtengo wapatali, bizinesi imalandira ntchito yowonjezereka yomwe ingathe kuchepetsedwa mu nthawi yeniyeni, ndipo zokhazokha zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimalipidwa (kulipira-ntchito). Ntchito zakunja zapa data zimakupatsaninso mwayi wochepetsera zoopsa zomwe zingachitike ndi tsogolo losadziwika bwino, kusintha IT kuti igwirizane ndi matekinoloje atsopano, ndikuyang'ana kwambiri njira zanu zazikulu zamabizinesi m'malo mosunga zida za IT.
Pomanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito malo awo, opereka chithandizo amaganizira njira zabwino kwambiri ndi miyezo yapadziko lonse yomwe imaika zofunikira kwambiri pa uinjiniya wa data center ndi IT, monga ISO 27001:2013 Information Security Management, ISO 50001:2011 Energy Management System (malo okonzekera bwino a data. machitidwe opangira magetsi), ISO 22301:2012 Business Continuity Management System (kuwonetsetsa kupitiliza kwa njira zamabizinesi apakati pa data), komanso miyezo yaku Europe ya EN 50600-x, PCI DSS muyezo wokhudza chitetezo chokonza ndi kusunga deta yamakhadi apulasitiki apadziko lonse lapansi. machitidwe olipira.
Zotsatira zake, kasitomala amalandira ntchito yololera zolakwika zomwe zimatsimikizira kusungidwa kwa data kodalirika komanso kupitiliza kwa bizinesi.
Source: www.habr.com