Mukatembenukira kwa munthu wamba, mwina anganene kuti wailesi ikufa, chifukwa kukhitchini wayilesiyo idadulidwa kalekale, wolandila amangogwira ntchito mdziko muno, ndipo mgalimoto nyimbo zomwe mumakonda zimaseweredwa kuchokera pamoto. pagalimoto kapena playlist pa intaneti. Koma inu ndi ine tikudziwa kuti pakadapanda wailesi, sitikadakhala tikuwerenga pa HabrΓ© za malo, kulumikizana ndi ma cellular, GPS, kuwulutsa pawailesi yakanema, Wi-Fi, kuyesa ma microwave, nyumba zanzeru ndi IoT yonse. Ndipo Habr sakanakhalako, chifukwa intaneti ndi wailesi. Chifukwa chake, lero, Meyi 7, 2019, tikulemba mawu othokoza pawailesi, yomwe yachita zambiri pa chitukuko cha anthu kuposa mabungwe onse osinthika ndi mabungwe ophatikizana pamodzi.
Moyo wa wailesi si nkhani ya luso linalake, ndi moyo ndendende: makolo sanakhulupirire izo ndipo ankakhulupirira kuti anali wokhoza pang'ono, anali ochepa mphamvu zake, anagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zolinga zoipa. idathandizira kugonjetsa zabwino ndikupulumutsa anthu ndipo pamapeto pake idalanda dziko lapansi ndikukhala woyambitsa chilengedwe chosiyana chaukadaulo. Ndi nkhani yopambana bwanji!
Kuti tichite zambiri, wailesi ndi kulumikizana pogwiritsa ntchito mafunde a wailesi. Itha kukhala njira imodzi, njira ziwiri kapena zingapo, imatha kupereka kusamutsa kapena kusinthanitsa chidziwitso pakati pa makina ndi anthu - sichoncho. Pali mawu awiri akuluakulu apa: mafunde a wailesi ndi kulankhulana.
Choyamba, tiyeni titsirize chiyambi cha nkhani - chifukwa May 7? Pa May 7, 1895, katswiri wa sayansi ya zakuthambo wa ku Russia dzina lake Alexander Stepanovich Popov anachititsa msonkhano woyamba wolankhulana pawailesi. Radiogram yake inkakhala mawu awiri okha "Heinrich Hertz", potero kupereka msonkho kwa wasayansi amene anaika maziko a wailesi tsogolo. Mwa njira, primacy mu malonda wailesi akutsutsidwa osati Guglielmo Marconi, amene anachita gawo loyamba mu 1895, komanso angapo a sayansi ya sayansi: 1890 - Edouard Branly, 1893 - Nikola Tesla, 1894 - Oliver Lodge ndi Jagadish Chandra Bose. Komabe, aliyense adathandizira, ndipo ndikofunikira kuwonjezera mayina ena angapo: James Maxwell, yemwe adapanga chiphunzitso cha maginito amagetsi, Michael Faraday, yemwe adapeza kulowetsa kwamagetsi amagetsi, ndi Reginald Fessenden, yemwe anali woyamba kuwongolera siginecha ya wailesi. ndipo pa Disembala 23, 1900 adafalitsa mawu oyenda mtunda wa 1 mailo - ndi khalidwe loyipa, koma ndi phokoso.
A. Popov ndi kutulukira kwake
Zoyesera zoyamba zotumizira mauthenga opanda zingwe zidachitidwa ndi Heinrich Hertz. Kuyesera kwake kudakhala kopambana - adatha kufalitsa uthenga mkati mwa chipinda chapamwamba cha nyumba yake. M'malo mwake, akadakhala mathero a nkhaniyi ngati Marconi waku Italy sanawerenge chodabwitsa ichi mu mbiri ya Hertz. Marconi adaphunzira nkhaniyi, adaphatikiza malingaliro a omwe adamutsogolera ndikupanga chida choyamba chotumizira, chomwe sichinalandire chidwi ndi akuluakulu a ku Italy ndipo chidali ndi chilolezo ndi wasayansi ku England. Panthawiyo, telegalamu yamagetsi inalipo kale ndipo, malinga ndi Marconi, chipangizo chake chikanathandizana ndi telegraph pomwe palibe mawaya. Komabe, luso la Marconi linagwiritsidwa ntchito polankhulana pa zombo zankhondo, ndipo kutumiza mauthenga panthaΕ΅i imodzi kwa omvera ambiri kunakhalabe mβtsogolo. Ndipo Marconi mwiniyo sankakhulupirira za tsogolo labwino la mauthenga a pawailesi.
G. Marconi ndi kutulukira kwake
Mwa njira, za zombo, kapena ndendende, za panyanja - mu 1905, mu Nkhondo ya Tsushima, zombo Japanese anagonjetsa gulu Russian mbali "zikomo" zida za wailesi, amene atsogoleri ankhondo Japanese anagula Marconi. Koma izi sizinakhale mkangano wotsiriza mokomera radioification wathunthu wa asilikali ndi wamba zombo. Mawu omaliza adakhala wina, nthawi ino wamba, tsoka - imfa ya Titanic. Anthu okwera 711 atapulumutsidwa ku chimphona chomira chifukwa cha ma wayilesi, akuluakulu apanyanja a mayiko otukuka padziko lapansi adalamula kuti sitima zapamadzi zilizonse zapanyanja ndi zam'nyanja zizilumikizana ndi wailesi, ndipo munthu wapadera - woyendetsa wailesi - amamvera zidziwitso zomwe zikubwera mozungulira. koloko. Chitetezo panyanja chawonjezeka kwambiri.
Komabe, iwo sanakhulupirire makamaka ziyembekezo zina za wailesi.
Koma akatswiri ambiri a wailesi anakhulupirira. Pofika Nkhondo Yadziko Lonse, mawayilesi ambiri osachita masewerawa anali atapangidwa moti maboma anali ndi mantha: osachita masewera anali akulumikizana ndi njira zolumikizirana zankhondo ndikumvera tchanelo. Choncho, wailesi inayamba kulamulidwa, ndipo panalibenso amene ankaipeputsa. Zinakhala zodziwikiratu kuti umunthu uli ndi chikhalidwe champhamvu, zida zachidziwitso ndi teknoloji yodalirika m'manja mwake. Ngakhale, ndife okonzeka kubetcha, palibe amene ankadziwa za chiyembekezo chenicheni cha wailesi panthawiyo.
Komabe, wailesi inagawa moyo wa anthu m'zaka za zana la makumi awiri m'magawo atatu:
November 2, 1920 - Wailesi yoyamba yamalonda ku United States, KDKA, inayamba kuwulutsidwa ku Pittsburgh.
July 1, 1941 - woyamba malonda siteshoni TV anayamba kuulutsa
Epulo 3, 1973 - a Martin Cooper a Motorola adayimba foni yoyamba m'mbiri.
Monga mukuonera, mayiko ndi malonda azindikira kuti wailesi ndi chidziwitso, ndalama, ndi mphamvu.
Koma asayansi ndi mainjiniya sanasiye; anasangalala ndi mafunde a wailesi omwe amatha kufalitsa, kutentha, ndi utali ndi liwiro losiyana. Wailesi idabwera ku ntchito ya sayansi ndipo ikuterobe. Ndikuganiza kuti ikhala zaka zambiri zikubwerazi. Lero tidzakumbukira zopanga zachilendo komanso zofunika kwambiri zomwe wailesi sinali chida kapena njira, koma wolemba nawo wokwanira.
Kukula kwamagetsi. Wailesi idangopanga zamagetsi ndi ma microelectronics: zida, ma TV, zolandila, zowulutsira zimafunikira mabwalo ambiri, ma board, zida zovuta komanso zosavuta. Makampani akulu akulu agwira ntchito ndipo akugwira ntchito pawailesi.
Wailesi zakuthambo. Ma telescope a wayilesi apangitsa kuti zitheke kuphunzira zinthu zakuthambo (ngakhale kuti chizindikirocho chimatenga nthawi yayitali ndi miyezo yapadziko lapansi - kuyambira masekondi angapo mpaka maola angapo) kudzera mu kafukufuku wama radiation awo a electromagnetic ndi mafunde a wailesi. Sayansi ya zakuthambo ya pawailesi inapereka chilimbikitso chachikulu ku zakuthambo yonse, inapangitsa kuti zitheke kupeza deta kuchokera ku mwezi ndi Mars rovers, ndikuwona mumlengalenga zomwe ma optics amphamvu kwambiri sakanatha.
Izi ndi momwe ma telescopes amawonekera (Paul Wild Observatory, Australia)
Navigation ndi zida zothandizira radar - komanso chifukwa cha wailesi. Chifukwa cha iwo, muyenera kuyesa kutayika kumadera akutali kwambiri padziko lapansi. Ndiwailesi yomwe imathandizira kupanga ndikugwiritsa ntchito mamapu olondola kwambiri, ma tracker ovuta kwambiri ndikuwonetsetsa kulumikizana kwa makina wina ndi mnzake (M2M). Ndikoyeneranso kutchula ma radar, popanda zomwe makampani amagalimoto ndi zoyendera zikadakula pang'onopang'ono. Radar yakhala ndi gawo lalikulu pazochitika zankhondo, kuzindikiranso, kupanga zida ndi magalimoto ankhondo ndi zombo, mu sayansi, kafukufuku wapansi pamadzi ndi zina zambiri.
Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito makina oyendetsa satellite.
Kulumikizana ndi ma cell ndi intaneti. Kumbukirani mawu akuti Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, CDMA, DECT, GSM, HSDPA, 3G, WiMAX, LTE, 5G? Matekinoloje onsewa ndi miyezo si kanthu kwenikweni koma dera lozungulira lomwe linapezeka mu 1848. Ndiko kuti, mafunde a wailesi omwewo, koma ndi liwiro losiyana, magawo, ndi ma frequency. Chifukwa chake, ndiwailesi yomwe tili nayo chifukwa cha zinthu zomwe zili m'maganizo mwathu masiku ano - makamaka intaneti ya zinthu (zinthu zimalumikizana kudzera pa wailesi), nyumba yanzeru, matekinoloje osiyanasiyana ophatikizika osonkhanitsa zidziwitso, ndi zina zambiri.
Ndithudi aliyense wa inu wawona nsanjazi pafupi (mabokosi oyera - masiteshoni oyambira, BS-ki). Njira zolumikizirana ndi BS zimatsimikiziridwa ndi "maselo" - ma cell.
Kulumikiza kwa satellite ndi kupambana kodziyimira. Mafunde a wailesi apangitsa kuti athe kupeza phindu la mauthenga opanda zingwe komwe sikungatheke kukonza selo - kumadera akutali, m'mapiri, pazombo, ndi zina zotero. Ichi ndi chopangidwa chomwe chapulumutsa miyoyo kangapo.
Satellite foni
Eiffel Tower. Yomangidwa kuti iwonetsedwe padziko lonse lapansi mu 1889, idayenera kukhala zaka 20 zokha ndipo idayenera kuthetsedwa. Koma inali nyumba yayitali iyi ku Paris yomwe idakhala nsanja yowulutsa pawailesi, kenako kuwulutsa pawailesi yakanema ndi kulumikizana - chifukwa chake, adasintha malingaliro awo pakugwetsa kofunikira kotere, ndipo pang'onopang'ono idakhala chizindikiro chachikulu cha France. Mwa njira, samachoka kuntchito - malo oyambira, ma transmitters, mbale, ndi zina zotero akadali ophatikizidwa ndi nsanja.
Kodi mumakonda bwanji mawonekedwe awa a chizindikiro cha France?
Radio wave opaleshoni (osati kusokonezedwa ndi radiosurgery!). Iyi ndi njira yapamwamba yopangira opaleshoni yomwe imaphatikizapo zigawo za minofu ndi coagulation ("kusindikiza" ziwiya kuti pasakhale magazi) popanda kukhudzidwa kwa makina ndi scalpel. Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito ndi iyi: electrode yochepetsetsa yopangira opaleshoni imapanga mafunde a wailesi omwe amapangidwa ndi kusinthasintha kwamakono ndi mafupipafupi a 3,8 MHz. Mafunde a wailesi amatenthetsa minofu, amasungunula chinyezi cha cell, ndipo minofu imasiyana popanda magazi pamalo odulidwawo. Iyi ndi njira yochepetsetsa komanso yopanda ululu (yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pansi pa anesthesia), yomwe imapezekanso mu opaleshoni yokongoletsa.
Radio wave opaleshoni chipangizo BM-780 II
Zachidziwikire, mutha kukumbukira mitundu ina ya malo, mavuni a microwave omwe timawadziwa bwino, zoyeserera zamankhwala, zowona, ma wayilesi ambiri komanso osiyanasiyana, dziko lonse la anthu okonda ma wailesi ndi zitsanzo zina zambiri - tapereka zambiri komanso zosangalatsa.
Nthawi zambiri, anyamata, ma signmen ndi omwe akukhudzidwa, tchuthi chosangalatsa! Pachikhalidwe: pa kugwirizana popanda ukwati, chiyero cha ma frequency osati kusweka kumodzi.
73!
Positi khadi inakonzedwa ndi gulu - sitimangopanga machitidwe a CRM, komanso yesetsani kuchitapo kanthu pa moyo wa makanema apawailesi yakanema ndi wailesi, kotero tawakonzera njira yabwino yamakampani. . Mwa njira, kuyesedwa pa 19 TPX :)
Source: www.habr.com