Ziribe kanthu momwe anthu owunikiridwa amadzudzula kanema wawayilesi chifukwa cha kusokoneza kwake pakuzindikira, komabe, chizindikiro cha kanema wawayilesi chimapezeka pafupifupi m'malo onse okhala (komanso ambiri osakhalamo). M'mizinda ikuluikulu, iyi imakhala nthawi zonse pawailesi yakanema, ngakhale aliyense wowazungulira amakonda kuyitcha "mlongoti". Ndipo ngati njira yolandirira wailesi yakanema yapadziko lapansi ikuwonekera (ngakhale ingakhalenso yosiyana ndi mlongoti wa nyanga wanthawi zonse pawindo, ndidzalankhula za izi pambuyo pake), ndiye kuti pulogalamu ya kanema wawayilesi imatha kuwoneka yovuta mosayembekezereka pakugwira ntchito ndi kamangidwe kake. Ndikupereka mndandanda wa nkhani za izi. Ndikufuna kudziwitsa anthu omwe ali ndi chidwi ndi mfundo za ntchito ya ma network a CATV, komanso ntchito yawo ndi matenda.

• Gawo 1: Zomangamanga zonse za netiweki ya CATV
• Gawo 2: Mapangidwe ndi mawonekedwe a wave
• Gawo 3: Chigawo cha analogi cha chizindikiro
• Gawo 4: Digital gawo la chizindikiro
• Gawo 5: Coaxial Distribution Network
• Gawo 6: RF Amplifiers
• Gawo 7: Optical Receivers
• Gawo 8: Optical backbone network
• Gawo 9: Mutu
• Gawo 10: Troubleshooting pa chingwe TV maukonde

Sindinamizire kulemba buku lathunthu, koma ndiyesetsa kukhalabe munjira yasayansi osadzaza zolembazo ndi mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe aukadaulo. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndidasiya mawu "anzeru" m'mawu osafotokozera; powayang'ana mutha kupita mwakuya momwe mukufunira. Kupatula apo, zonse zimafotokozedwa bwino payekhapayekha, koma ndingokuuzani momwe zonse zimalumikizirana ndi pulogalamu yapa TV. Mu gawo loyamba, ndifotokoza mwachiphamaso kapangidwe ka maukonde, ndipo kenako ndikusanthula mwatsatanetsatane mfundo zoyendetsera dongosolo lonselo.

Chingwe cha televizioni chili ndi mtengo. Chizindikirocho chimapangidwa ndi mutu wa mutu, womwe umasonkhanitsa zizindikiro kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuzipanga kukhala imodzi (malinga ndi ndondomeko yafupipafupi) ndikutumiza ku intaneti yogawa kwambiri mu mawonekedwe ofunikira. Masiku ano, maukonde a msana ndi, ndithudi, optical ndipo chizindikiro chimalowa mu chingwe cha coaxial mkati mwa nyumba yomaliza.

Head station

Magwero a siginecha amutu amatha kukhala ma satellite antennas (omwe amatha kukhala khumi ndi awiri) kapena mitsinje ya digito yomwe imatumizidwa mwachindunji ndi ma TV kapena ma telecom. Kuti mulandire ndi kusonkhanitsa ma siginecha kuchokera kumagwero osiyanasiyana, ma decoder/modulators amitundu yambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe ndi rack-mount chassis yokhala ndi makhadi okulitsa osiyanasiyana omwe amapereka kulumikizana ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, komanso kuwongolera, kusintha ndi kupanga chizindikiro chomwe mukufuna. .

Apa, mwachitsanzo, tikuwona ma module 6 olandila siginecha yowulutsa satana ndi ma module awiri a DVB-C.

Ndipo chassis iyi ikuchita kutsitsa chizindikiro. Mutha kuwona ma module a CAM, omwewo omwe amalowetsedwa mu ma TV kuti mulandire mayendedwe otsekedwa.

Zotsatira za kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka chipangizochi ndi chizindikiro chotulutsa chomwe chili ndi njira zonse zomwe tidzapereke kwa olembetsa, okonzedwa ndi mafupipafupi malinga ndi dongosolo lafupipafupi. Mumanetiweki athu, awa ndi osiyanasiyana kuyambira 49 mpaka 855 MHz, okhala ndi njira zonse za analogi ndi digito mumitundu ya DVB-C, DVB-T ndi DVB-T2:

Onetsani mawonekedwe a sipekitiramu.

Chizindikiro chopangidwa chimadyetsedwa mu cholumikizira chowonera, chomwe chimakhala chosinthira makanema ndikusamutsa mayendedwe athu munjira yowonera pawayilesi wa kanema wawayilesi wa 1550 nm.

Optical transmitter.

Network yogawa thunthu

Chizindikiro cha kuwala chomwe chimalandiridwa kuchokera kumutu chimakulitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito optical erbium amplifier (EDFA), yodziwika kwa katswiri aliyense wolankhulana.

Makumi angapo a dBm a siginecha amatengedwa kuchokera ku zotulutsa zokulitsa amatha kugawidwa kale ndikutumizidwa kumadera osiyanasiyana. Kugawanikaku kumachitika ndi zogawikana zopanda pake, kuti zikhale zosavuta, zoyikidwa m'nyumba za rack-mount cross-connects.

Optical divider mkati mwa single-unit optical cross-connect.

Chizindikiro chogawanika chimafika pazinthu zomwe, ngati n'koyenera, zikhoza kukulitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito amplifiers omwewo, kapena kugawidwa pakati pa zipangizo zina.

Umu ndi momwe malo okhalamo angawonekere. Zimaphatikizapo amplifier optical, chogawa chizindikiro mu nyumba ya rackmount, ndi kugawa kwa kuwala, kumene ulusi umagawidwa kwa olandira optical.

Network yogawa olembetsa

Olandira Optical, monga transmitter, ndi otembenuza apakatikati: amasamutsa chizindikiro cholandirira ku chingwe cha coaxial. Ma OP amabwera m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso kuchokera kwa opanga osiyanasiyana, koma magwiridwe antchito nthawi zambiri amakhala ofanana: kuyang'anira mulingo ndikusintha koyambira kwa ma sign, zomwe ndikambirana mwatsatanetsatane m'nkhani zotsatirazi.

Optical receiver omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa intaneti yathu.

Kutengera mamangidwe a nyumba (chiwerengero cha pansi, kuchuluka kwa nyumba ndi zitseko zakutsogolo, ndi zina zotero), cholandirira chowonekera chikhoza kupezeka kumayambiriro kwa chokwera chilichonse, kapena mwina chimodzi mwa zingapo (nthawi zina ngakhale pakati pa nyumba palibe kuwala, koma chingwe coaxial anaika), mu nkhani iyi, attenuation mosalephera pa ogawa ndi misewu ikuluikulu amalipidwa ndi amplifiers. Monga iyi, mwachitsanzo:

CATV chizindikiro chokulitsa Teleste CXE180RF

Maukonde ogawa olembetsa amamangidwa pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chingwe cha coaxial ndi zogawa zosiyanasiyana, zomwe mutha kuziwona pagawo lotsika pamasitepe anu.

Zingwe zolowa m'nyumba zimalumikizidwa ndi zotuluka za olembetsa ogawa.

Zachidziwikire, nthawi zambiri, pamakhala ma TV angapo m'nyumba iliyonse ndipo amalumikizidwa kudzera pazigawo zowonjezera, zomwe zimabweretsanso kuchepa. Choncho, nthawi zina (pamene pali ma TV ambiri m'nyumba yaikulu), m'pofunika kukhazikitsa zowonjezera zowonjezera zizindikiro m'nyumba, zomwe pazifukwa izi ndizochepa komanso zofooka kuposa zazikulu.

Source: www.habr.com